CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


Marine  Mollusks  of  Japan 


WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES 

AND  NOTES   ON  OTHERS 

COLLECTED  BY 

FREDERICK  STEARNS 


BY 

HENRY  A,,PILSBRY 

Conservator  Conchological  Section  of  the  Aca3emy~of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 


DETROIT 

PUBLISHED  BY  FREDERICK  STEARNS 
1895 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THE 


Marine  Mollusks  of  Japan 


WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES 

AND  NOTES  ON  OTHERS 

COLLECTED  BY 

FREDERICK  STEARNS 


>../-,:.. si   v  ••.••'.::". 
HENRY  A.  PILSBRY 

Conservator  Conchological  Section  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 


DETROIT 

PUBLISHED  BY  FREDERICK  STEARNS 
1895 


.. 


•IOLOGY 
LIBRA 


PREFACE. 


'"THIS  catalogue  grew  from  the  research  incidental  to  the  identifi- 
cation of  the  mollusca  procured  by  Mr.  Frederick  Stearns  dur- 
ing two  visits  to  Japan.  A  portion  of  the  collection  made  in  1889- 
'90  having  been  submitted  to  the  writer  for  identification,  it  was 
found  to  contain  a  number  of  new  and  interesting  species,  some  of 
•which  were  described  and  figured  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  for  189J,  and  in  the  The  Nauti- 
lus. A  catalogue  ol  this  collection  (pp.  20, 1  plate)  was  prepared 
by  Mr.  Stearns,  and  widely  circulated  among  naturalists. 

A  much  more  extensive  collection  was  secured  by  Mr.  Stearns 
upon  his  second  visit  to  Japan,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to  review 
so  considerable  an  amount  of  conchological  literature  in  its  identifi- 
cation, that  it  seemed  desirable  to  collate  the  references  to  Japanese 
mollusks  subsequent  to  the  date  of  Dunker's  excellent  work,  Index 
Molluscorum  maris  Japonici,  as  well  as  those  not  contained  in  that 
catalogue,  and,  together  with  descriptions  and  figures  of  the  new 
forms  discovered  by  Mr.  Stearns,  to  publish  a  new  catalogue  of 
Japanese  marine  mollusca.  The  present  volume  contains  about  500 
species  more  than  Dunker's  Index,  although  a  considerable  number 
of  forms  enumerated  by  him  are  herein  considered  synonyms  or  are 
rejected  from  the  Japanese  list.  40  species  and  8  varieties  believed 
to  be  new  are  described,  including  some  of  which  diagnoses  have 
already  appeared  in  the  Nautilus,  and  the  species  of  certain  families, 
such  as  Patellidce,  Fissurellidce,  etc.,  are  somewhat  critically  revised. 
In  the  families  Rissoidce,  Eulimidce,  and  Pyramidellidce  a  con- 
siderable number  of  forms  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns  remain  un- 
identified. Although  some  of  them  are  doubtless  new,  the  literature 
of  these  groups  has  been  so  overloaded  with  Arthur  Adams'  des- 
criptions which  do  not  describe,  that  intelligent  work  upon  the 
Japanese  forms  is  impossible.  The  literature  of  descriptive  zoology 
furnishes  but  few  instances  of  work  more  superficial  and  worthless 
than  that  of  this  industrious  dilettante. 

cm) 


M110427 


v  PREFACE. 

The  work  consists  of  three  portions  :  a  list  of  marine  mollusks 
which  have  been  stated  to  inhabit  Japan  from  Yezzo  to  Kiushiu, 
with  references  to  description  or  figures  of  most  species,  and  enumer- 
ation of  the  special  localities  at  which  each  species  has  been  found 
by  previous  naturalists  or  by  Mr.  Stearns.  This  is  followed  by  a 
catalogue  of  the  Inland  mollusks  taken  by  Mr.  Stearns  in  Japan  ; 
and  finally  a  list  of  mollusks  of  the  Loo  Choo  group  procured  by 
Mr.  Stearns  is  given. 

I  have  identified  the  specimens  collected  in  Japan  ;  those  from 
the  Loo  Choo  Islands  were  identified  partly  by  Mr.  Stearns,  partly 
by  myself  (see  p.  160). 

Recent  investigations  have  added  no  very  important  facts  to 
the  general  conclusions  of  Lischke  regarding  the  status  of  the 
Japanese  mollusk  fauna  in  comparison  with  the  Indo-Pacific  faunas. 
The  percentage  of  species  peculiar  to  Japan  has  been  considerably 
increased,  however,  and  probably  will  be  further  augmented; 
although  no  doubt  recent  political  events  have  added  a  considerable 
number  of  tropical  species  to  what  must  hereafter  be  considered 
Japanese  seas. 

The  classification  used  in  the  following  pages  while  not  entirely 
that  of  any  one  of  the  manuals,  it  is  hoped  will  be  found  convenient 
for  reference.  The  current  generic  nomenclature  has  been  revised 
in  certain  cases;  and  for  perhaps  the  first  time  in  the  century,  cer- 
tain Linnsean  names,  such  as  Lima  lima  and  Delphinula  delphinula 
hayebeeu  restored  to  their  rightful  places. 

It  may  be  noticed  that  some  new  specific  names  employed  here- 
in resemble  the  names  of  certain  localities  or  islands  of  the  Japanese 
Empire;  but  we  must  here  explicitly  declare  that  between  such 
specific  and  geographic  names  no  necessary  connection  exists ;  and 
the  former,  except  where  the  contrary  is  stated,  should  be  taken  as 
mere  arbitrary  or  meaningless  words.  They  will,  therefore,  not  be 
subject  to  change  on  account  of  modifications  in  the  current  mode 
of  transliteration  from  Japanese  to  the  Roman  character,  nor  from 
other  causes. 

Philadelphia,  August,  1895.  H.  A.  P. 


INTRODUCTION. 


DURING  1889-'90,  the  publisher  of  this  Catalogue  spent  nearly 
a  year  in  Japan,  and  some  weeks  in  China.  The  journey  was 
in  quest  of  health  and  the  pleasure  of  travel.  Much  time  was  de- 
voted to  making  a  typical  collection  of  Japanese  art  work  of  many 
kinds.  I  had  been,  for  some  years  before  visiting  Japan,  much 
interested  in  its  history,  political  evolution,  and  in  the  marvellous 
delicacy  of  many  of  its  art  products,  and  had  studied  and  collected 
the  latter  with  interest. 

The  result  was  a  collection  of  over  fifteen  thousand  objects  in 
metal,  lacquer,  pottery,  bronzes,  fabrics,  etc.  This  collection  has 
been  catalogued,  mounted  and  presented  to  the  Detroit  Museum  of 
Art. 

Being  also  interested  in  natural  history,  I  attempted  to  make  a 
collection  of  the  mollusks  of  the  country,  commencing  first  with 
such  species  as  I  found  in  the  markets  of  Tokyo  and  Yokohama, 
and  finally  employing  an  intelligent  Japanese  fisherman — Morita 
Seto — who  traversed  the  entire  east  coast  from  Tokyo,  along  Sagama 
and  Saruga  and  the  coasts  of  the  Provinces  Kii,  Awa  and  Toza, 
along  the  north  shore  of  the  Inland  Sea  as  far  as  Bingo,  and,  by  aid 
of  the  fisherfolk,  obtained  nearly  a  thousand  forms  of  marine  life. 

An  account  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Ives  of  the  Echinoderms,  Crustacea 
and  Pycnogonida  collected,  will  be  found  in  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Philadelphia  for  1891,  p.  210,  plates  VII-XII ;  and  some  of  the 
Mollusks  are  described  and  illustrated  by  Mr.  Pilsbry  in  the  same 
volume,  pp.  165,  471,  plates  IV,  XVII,  XVIII,  XIX. 

The  Japanese  fishermen,  by  the  use  of  drag  and  dredge-nets, 
gather  not  only  fish,  but  largely  mollusks,  working  in  water  some- 
times as  deep  as  thirty  fathoms. 

The  region  visited  lies  between  33°  and  36°  north  latitude, 
and  132°  and  141°  east  longitude,  on  the  east  coast  of  the  Japanese 
Islands.  Here  the  Kuro-Shiwo  or  "  Pacific  Gulf  Stream  "  flows 
north-easterly,  and  the  presence  of  this  warm  current  accounts,  possi- 
bly, for  the  occasional  finding  of  strictly  tropical  species. 

(v) 


Vi  INTRODUCTION. 

In  December,  1891,  I  set  out  upon  a  winding  journey  around 
the  world,  first  spending  the  winter  on  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  where 
I  made  some  collections  of  shells,  thence  proceeded  to  Japan,  where 
the  following  summer  was  passed.  Here  I  traveled  more  exten- 
sively than  during  my  former  visit,  the  itinerary  covering  almost 
the  entire  length  of  the  Empire,  from  the  Province  of  Satsuma  in 
the  south,  to  Sapporo,  the  capital  of  the  Island  of  Yezzo,  in  the 
north. 

Profiting  by  the  experience  of  my  first  visit,  I  availed  myself  of 
the  assistance  of  coast-fishermen  in  collecting  the  rarer  forms  of 
mollusks,  and,  while  the  territory  covered  does  not  greatly  exceed 
that  of  the  earlier  visit,  much  new  material  was  obtained. 

My  Japanese  collector,  Morita  Seto,  spent  a  year — 1891-2 — in 
the  Loo  Choo  Islands,  collecting  shells.  But,  as  the  fauna  of  that 
Archipelago  is  more  closely  allied  to  that  of  the  Indo-Pacific  region 
than  the  fauna  of  the  Japanese  waters,  the  results  of  the  expedition 
were  not  so  valuable  as  anticipated. 

In  conclusion  it  should  be  stated  that  I  have  spent  an  active 
business  life  as  a  manufacturing  pharmacist,  until  circumstances 
permitted  me  within  recent  years  to  retire  from  active  work  in  that 
profession,  and  devote  my  advanced  years  to  travel,  and  to  at  least 
a  superficial  study  of  natural  history ;  and  hence  I  beg  to  be  con- 
sidered only  as  an  amateur  in  conchology,  and  the  public  will 
understand  that  whatever  of  scientific  merit  this  volume  possesses, 
is  due  to  my  friend  and  editor  Prof.  H.  A.  Pilsbry. 

NOTE: — Very  many  of  the  species  enumerated  in  this  Cata- 
logue, to  which  my  name  is  attached  as  collector,  may  be  had  in 
exchange  by  conchologists  and  collectors.  Upon  application, 
printed  lists  of  such  duplicates  will  be  forwarded.  Many  species  of 
which  but  few  specimens  were  obtained  upon  my  first  visit,  were 
found  more  abundantly  on  the  second. 

FREDERICK  STEARNS, 

Detroit,  Michigan, 
U.  S.  A. 


List  of  Abbreviations  Used  for  the  Prin- 
cipal Authorities  Cited. 


I.  WORKS  ON  THE  FAUNA  OF  JAPAN  AND  NORTH-EAST  ASIA. 

Mai  Ross.  Beitrage  zu  einer  Malacozoologia  Rossica,  von  Dr. 
A.  Th.  von  Middendorff.  St.  Petersburg,  1847. 

Sib.  Reise.  Dr.  A.  Th.  von  Middendorff's  Reise  in  den  Ausser- 
sten  Norden  und  Osten  Siberiens.  II,  Zoologie,  Mollusken,  bearbei- 
tet  von  A.  Th.  von  Middendorff.  St.  Petersburg,  1851. 

Amurl.  Moll.  Reisen  und  Forschungen  im  Amur-Lande,  in  den 
Jahren  1854-1856,  etc.,  von  Dr.  Leopold  v.  Schrenck.  II,  Mol- 
lusken des  Amur-Landes  und  des  Nordjapanischen  Meeres.  St. 
Petersburg,  1867. 

Moll.  Jap.  Mollusca  Japonica,  a  Guilielmo  Dunker,  Stuttgart, 
1861. 

J.  M.  C.  Japanische  Meeres-Conchylien,  von  Dr.  C.  E.  Lischke, 
I,  II,  III,  Cassel,  1869-1874. 

Faun.  Jap.  Fauna  Molluscorum  extramarinorum  Japonise,  eta, 
von  Dr.  W.  Kobelt.  Frankfurt  a.  M.,  1880. 

Index.  Index  Molluscorum  maris  Japonic!,  a  Guilielmo  Dunker, 
1882. 

II.    MONOGRAPHIC  AND  ICONOGRAPHIC  WORKS. 

Man.  Conch.  Manual  of  Conchology,  by  George  W.  Tryon,  Jr., 
Philadelphia,  1878-1895.  First  series,  Marine  Univalves,  Vols.  I- 
X  by  Tryon ;  X-XVI,  by  H.  A.  Pilsbry.  Second  series,  Terrestrial 
Mollusks,  Vol.  I-IV  by  Tryon  ;  V-X  by  Pilsbry. 

Conch.  Cab.  Systematisches  Conchylien-Cabinet  von  Martini  und 
Chemnitz,  Zweite  Ausgabe.  Later  and  more  useful  volumes  by 
Philippi,  Pfeiffer,  Dunker,  Roemer,  Clessin,  von  Martens,  Kobelt, 
Brot,  Weinkauff. 

Abbild.  Abbildungen  und  Beschreibungen  neuer  oder  wenig 
gekannter  Conchy  lieu,  von  Dr.  R.  A.  Philippi,  I,  II,  III,  1845- 
1851. 

(vii) 


Vlll  LIST  OF  ABBREVIATIONS. 

Conch.  Icon.,  or  C.  Icon.  Conchologia  Iconica,  or  Illustrations- 
of  the  Shells  of  Molluscous  Animals,  by  Lovell  Reeve,  Vols.  I- 
XX,  1843-1878 ;  later  volumes  by  G.  B.  Sowerby. 

Thes.     Thesaurus  Conchyliorum,  by  G.  B.  Sowerby,  London, 
1847-1887. 
Nov.  Conch.,  or  Novit.  Conch.     Novitates  Conchologicae.    Cassel. 

III.  JOURNALS  AND  PROCEEDINGS  OF  SOCIETIES. 

Am.  Journ.  Conch.  American  Journal  of  Conchology,  edited  by 
Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  Philadelphia,  1865-1872. 

Ann.  Mag.  The  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Lon- 
don. 

Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.  Bulletin  de  la  Socie"te  Zoologique  de  France,. 
Paris. 

Jap.  Ceph.  Japanska  Cephalopoder,  af  A.  Appelloff;  in  Kongliga 
Sveuska  Vetenskaps-Akademiens  Handlingar  (new  series)  XXI,. 
No.  13.  Stockholm,  1886. 

Journ.  de  Conch.  Journal  de  Conchyliogie,  publi6  sous  la  direct- 
ion de  H.  Crosse  et  P.  Fischer,  Paris. 

Nautilus.  The  Nautilus,  a  monthly  journal  devoted  to  the  inter- 
ests of  conchologists.  Edited  by  H.  A.  Pilsbry  and  C.  W.  Johnson, 
Philadelphia. 

P.  Z.  S.  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  1830- 
1895. 

IV.  VOYAGES  AND  MISCELLANEOUS. 

Astrol.  Voyage  de  DScouvertes  de  1'Astrolabe,  execute"  par  ordrc 
du  Roi  pendant  les  anne"es  1826-1829,  etc.  Zoologie,  par  MM. 
Quoy  et  Gaimard,  Paris,  1832. 

Chall.  Rep.  Challenger  Reports,  Cephalopoda,  Vol.  XVI,  by  W. 
E.  Hoyle ;  Gastropoda  and  Scaphopoda,  Vol.  XV,  by  R.  Boog 
Watson  ;  Pelecypoda,  Vol.  XII,  by  E.  A.  Smith. 

U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.,  or  Expl.  Exped.  United  States  Exploring 
Expedition,  etc.  Vol.  XII,  Mollusca  and  Shells,  by  Augustus  A. 
Gould.  Boston,  1852. 

Otia.  Otia  Conchologica  ;  Descriptions  of  Shells  and  Mollusks, 
from  1839  to  1862,  by  Augustus  A.  Gould,  M.  D.  Boston,  1862. 

Zool.  Samarang  or  Voy.  Samarang.  The  Zoology  of  the  Voyage 
of  H.  M.  S.  Samarang,  etc.  Mollusca  by  Arthur  Adams  and  Lovell 
Reeve.  London,  1848. 


CEPHALOPODA. 
ABGONAUTIDJE. 

Argonauta  argo  Linng. 

Several  specimens  collected  by  Stearns,  Tokyo,  etc. 
Argonauta  hians  Solander  (-f- gondola  and  owenii  Ads.  &  Rve.,  Zool.  Samarang) 

Both  the  earless  and  eared  forms  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns,  Kishu 
coast  and  Inland  Sea. 
Argonauta  boettgeri  Malzan.     J.  de  Conch.,  1881,  p.  163,  pi.  6,  f.  7. 

A  single  specimen  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns  agrees  well  with  the 
description  and  figures  of  this  species,  but  is  slightly  less  compressed. 
Its  habitat  has  not  been  known  hitherto. 

OCTOPODIDJE. 

Octopus  vulgaris  Lam. 

Nagasaki  (App.). 
Octopus  membranaceus  Q.  &  G.    Astrol.,  pi.  6,  f.  5. 

Japan. 
Octopus  globosus  Appellof.    Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  7,  pi.  1,  f.  4,  5. 

Nagasaki  (App.). 
Octopus  macropus  Risso.    Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  Ifi,  p.  95. 

Yokohama  (Chall.). 

Octopus  ouvieri  d'Orb.     Appellof,  Japanska  Ceph.,  pi.  1,  f.  6;  Orb.,  Hiet.  Nat.  Ceph., 
p.  18,  pi.  1,  27. 

Nagasaki  (App.)  ;  compare  0.  macropus. 
Octopus  ocellatus  Gray.    Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  8,  pi.  1,  f.  1-3. 

Nagasaki  (App.). 
Octopus  fang-siao  d'Orbigny.     Ceph.  Ace"t.,  p.  70. 

Japan. 

SEPIOLIDJE. 

Inioteuthis  morsel  Verrill.      Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  15,  pi.  2,  f.  15,  16  j  pi.  3,  f.  16,  19,  20, 
23.     Chall.  Rep.,  p.  112.     PI.  XIV,  figs.  1-9. 

Kobe  and  Tokyo  Bay,  8-14  fms.,  mud   (Chall.)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo 
(Verrill)  ;  Nagasaki  (App.). 
2 


2   .    .     tc  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CEPHALOPODA. 

Iniotbuthlt  japoricTa.F^r;  «#rW   Man.  Conch.,  I,  p.  157. 

Promaohoteuthis  megaptera  Hoyle.      Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  120,  pi.  14,  figs.  10- 
14.     Wood  cut  3. 

S.  Enoshiraa,  1875  fath.,blue  mud  (Challenger). 

SEPIIDJE. 
Sepia  hercules  Pilsbry.     PI.  1.  figs.  1,  2.     The  Nautilus,  VII,  p.  144,  April  2,  1894. 

Shell  having  the  general  form  of  that  of  S.  esculenta  Hoyle  but 
more  convex  ventrally ;  chitinous  margin  narrow ;  dorsal  surface 
tuberculate-rugose  as  in  esculenta,  but  more  coarsely  so,  the  posterior 
part  having  the  tubercles  very  deeply  separated,  flat-topped,  and 
leaning  backward ;  dorsal  surface  evenly  rounded,  with  no  trace  of 
a  median  longitudinal  rib.  Ventral  surface  as  in  esculenta,  but  the 
striation  is  much  closer  although  the  shell  is  triple  the  size.  Last  loc- 
ulus  has  an  index  of  22.  Inner  cone  well  developed,  its  limbs  aris- 
ing about  one-third  the  length  of  the  shell  from  the  posterior  end, 
gradually  rising  along  the  sides,  posteriorly  reflexed  and  appressed 
on  the  outer  cone,  leaving  below  a  narrow  small  cavity.  The  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  inner  cone  does  not  form  a  shelf  across  the  posterior 
end  of  the  outer  cone  as  is  the  case  in  esculenta,  and  the  cavity  is 
much  smaller,  shallower  and  narrower  than  in  a  specimen  of  esculenta 
155  mill,  in  length.  Spine  very  stout,  conical,  its  root  excavated 
ventrally.  Color,  white  in  the  middle,  faint  pink  at  the  sides  ;  whit- 
ish beneath. 

Length  425  mill.;  greatest  breadth  160  mill.;  length  of  spine  19 
mill. 

This  species  is  the  giant  of  the  genus.the  shell  being  about  1 6 1  inches 
long.  It  is  allied  to  S.  esculenta  Hoyle,  but  differs  as  above  indicated. 
The  dorsal  slope  does  not  descend  abruptly  to  the  spine  as  in  that 
species.  Of  S.  esculenta  a  good  many  specimens  are  before  me  col- 
lected by  Mr.  Stearns.  They  agree  well  with  the  "  Challenger  " 
specimens.  The  size  of  esculenta  is  moderately  constant,  shells  seen 
by  Hoyle,  Appelloff  and  myself  being  from  155  to  163  mill,  long 
(about  6J  inches). 

A  second  specimen  from  the  Luchu  Is.  exhibits  the  same  char- 
acters throughout. 

Sepia  esculenta  Hoyle.      Hoyle,  Challenger  Rep.,  xvi,  p.  129,  pi.  17,  f.  1-5  :   pi.  18, 
f.  1-61. 

Yokohama  (Challenger ;  Stearns). 

The  specimens  of  the  shell  agree  well  with  Hoyle's  figures. 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  CEPHALOPODA.  3 

Sepia  andreanoides  Hoyle.     Hoyle,  1.  c.,  p.  139,  pi.  21,  f.  11-19. 

Purchased  in  the  market,  Yokohama  (Challenger)  ;  Ika  Coast 
(Stearns). 

Sepia  andreana  Steenstrup.     Steenstrup,  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.,  X,  No.  7,  pi.  1,  f.  11- 
19,  1875. 

Japan  (Stp.). 

Sepia  n. sp. 

A  species  of  Rochebrune's  section  Doratosepion,  allied  to  S.  an- 
dreana Stp.,  S.  andreanoides  Hoyle  and  S.  kobiensis  Hoyle,  but 
crimson  above.  Yeda  coast  (Stearns). 

Sepia  peterseni  Appellof.    Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  23,  pi.  2,  f.  1-6 ;  pi.  3,  f.  21. 

Sepia  kobiensis  Hoyle.     Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  142 ;  pi.  18,  figs.  7-14.  Wood  cut  7. 

Kobe  Bay,  8  fath.,  mud. 
Sepia  (Metasepia)  tullbergi  Appellof.    Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  26,  pi.  2,  f.  7-14. 

Nagasaki. 
Sepiella  maindroni  de  Rochebrune.     Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  149,  pi.  22,  figs.  1-10. 

Inland  Sea,  Japan. 

LOLIGINIDJE. 

Sepioteuthis  lessoniana  Fer.    Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  31. 

Nagasaki. 

Sepioteuthis  sinensis  Orbigny.    Japan. 
Loligo  edulis  Hoyle.    Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  152,  pi.  23. 

Yokohama  Market  (Challenger). 
Loligo  kobiensis  Hoyle.     Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  154,  pi.  25,  figs.  1-10. 

Kobe  Bay,  8  fath.,  mud  (Challenger). 
Loligo  japonica  Steenstrup.     Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  157  ;  pi.  24,  figs.  7-15. 

Yokohama  Market,  (Challenger). 
Loligo  bleekeri  Keferstein.    Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  31,  pi.  1,  f.  7-10. 

Nagasaki. 
Loligo?  sumatrensis  d'Orbigny.    Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  32,  pi.  1,  f.  11;  pi.  3,  f.  11-15. 

Japan  (App.). 
Loligo  ?  sp. 

Numerous  very  large  "pens"  measuring  31  cm.  in  length,  and 
resembling  those  of  Loligo  were  brought  by  Mr.  Stearns  from  Yoko- 
hama. 


4  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  PTEROPODA. 

OMMASTREPHIDJE. 

Ommastrephes  pacificus  Steenstrup.     Jap.  Ceph.,  p.  35,  pi.  3,  f.  8-10. 

Japan  (App.). 
Ommastrephes  bartramii  Lesueur. 

Japan  (teste  Mitsukuri  &  Ikeda).     Seems  a  very  doubtful  identi- 
fication. 
Architeuthis  n.  sp.?  Mitsukuri  A  Ikeda.    The  Zool.  Mag.,  Tokyo,  vii,  p.  39,  pi.  10. 

Bay  of  Tateyaraa,  Prov.  Awa,  E.  side  Bay  of  Tokyo. 

Megateuthus  martensii  Hilgendorf.   Sitzungsber.  Ges.  naturforsch.  Fr.  fieri.,  1880, 
p.  65. 

Yedo  (Hilg.). 

Todarodes  pacificus  Steenstrup.     Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  163,  pi.  28,  figs.  1-5. 
Inland  Sea. 

TODARIDJE. 

Gonatus  fabrioii  (Lichtenstein)  Steenstrup.     ('hall.  Rep.,  Vol.  16,  p.  174,  pi.     . 
Japan. 

CRANCHIID2E. 
Loligopsis  (1)  chrysophalmus  Tilesius.     Man.  Concb.,  p.  164. 

Japan. 

NAUTILID2E. 

Nautilus  pompilius  has  been  reported  from  Japan  by  Dunker, 
but  its  occurrence  there  is  doubtful. 

PTEROPODA. 

As  these  mollusks  are  wholly  pelagic  in  habits,  the  number  occur- 
ing  in  Japanese  waters  will  probably  be  larger  than  given  below. 
For  literature  see  Pelseneer,  Report  on  Pteropoda  coll.  by  Challen- 
ger. 

PTEROPODA  GYMNOSOMATA. 

Several  species  of  Pteropoda  gymnosomata  have  been  collected  in 
the  N.  Pacific  east  of  Japan,  but  we  are  still  ignorant  of  the  species 
which  actually  occur  in  Japanese  waters.  See  Challenger  Report, 
Vol.  XIX,  part  Iviii,  p.  65. 

PTEROPODA  THECOSOMATA. 

LIMACINIDJE. 
Limacina  inflata  d'Orbigny. 
Corea  Strait,  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLU3KS,  PULMONATA.  5 

Limacina  lesueuri  d'Orbigny. 

Pacific  E.  of  Japan, 
Limacina  bulimoides  d'Orb.     Same  locality. 

"Agadina"  stimpsoni  A.  Ad.  (=!arval  Gastropoda).      Chall.  Rep.  Pter.  Theo.,  p. 
38,  pi.  1,  f.  11-14. 

Kino  Osima  (Ad.). 

"  Agadina  "  gouldii  A.  Ad. 

Kino-Osima  (Ad.). 

CAVOLINIIDJE. 

Creseis  virgula  Rang.     Bay  of  Yedo. 

Creseis  acicula  Rang.     China  Sea,  E.  of  Japan. 

Hyalocylix  striata  Rang.     China  Sea,  off  E.  Japan. 

Styliola  subula  Q.  &  G.     Off  E.  Japan. 

Clio  pyramidata  Linne.     Off  E.  Japan. 

Clio  cuspidata  Bosc.     Off  E.  Japan. 

Cuvierina  columnella  Rang.     Off  E.  Japan. 

Cavolinia  trispinosa  Lesueur.     Off  Japan. 

Cavolinia  quadridentata  Lesueur.     China  Sea,  off  S.-E.  Japan. 

Cavolinia  globulosa  Rang.     China  Sea. 

Cavolinia  gibbosa  Rang.     Same  locality. 

Cavoiinia  tridentata  Forskal.     Same  locality. 

Cavolinia  uncinata  Rang.     Yedo. 

Cavolinia  inflexa  Lesueur.     Corea  Strait,  Yokohama. 

PULMONATA. 

SIPHONARIIDJE. 

Siphonaria  atra  Quoy  &  Gaimard.  Q.  &  G.,  Voy  de  1'Astrol.,  pi.  25,  figs.  41,  42. 
8.  cornuta  Gld.,  U.  S.  Expl,  Exped.,  pi.  357,  fig.  467.  S.  coreensis  Ads.  A  Rve., 
Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  13,  f.  la,  Ib. 

Tokyo  (Dkr.);  Nagasaki  (Lisclike). 

I  have  seen  no  Japanese  specimens  referable  to  this  species.     Per- 
haps the  forms  described  by  Gould  and  Adams  and  Reeve   will 
prove  distinct  from  the  true  S.  atra. 
Siphonaria  sirius  Pilsbry.     PI.  VI,  figs.  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28. 

Shell  oblong,  polygonal,  low  conical  with  subcentral,  erect  apex ; 
primary  ribs  all  single,  generally  7,  strongly  elevated  and  white ;  inter- 
spaces wide,  dark  brown,  radially  finely  ribbed.  Interior  brown- 


6  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  PULMONATA. 

black,  the  larger  ribs  indicated  by  white  rays ;  siphon  occupying  a  sin- 
gle ribt  never  a  double  one.  Cavity  with  a  white  callus  (rarely 
chestnut  colored),  the  region  of  the  muscle  impression  bordered 
with  chestnut  stains.  Length  22,  breadth  1 7-19,  alt.  5  mm. 

Sagami,  and  Kashiwazaki,  Boshiu,  Japan  (Frederick  Stearns !). 

This  species  differs  from  S.  atra  Q.  &  G.,  coreensis  A.  &  R.,  and 
their  allies  in  having  the  siphonal  rib  single  and  simple.  It  is  prob- 
ably the  species  identified  as  S.  atra  by  Dunker  and  other  writers 
on  Japanese  shells.  Several  hundred  specimens  collected  by  Mr. 
Stearns  agree  in  the  characters  above  given.  Not  one  shows  any 
tendency  to  double  the  siphonal  rib. 

Siphonaria  cochleariformis  Reeve.    Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  6,  figs.  28  a,  b. 

Koshinozaki,  Boshiu  (Stearns) ;  Deshima  (Dkr.);  Nagasaki 
(Lischke).  The  specimens  agree  well  with  Reeve's  figures,  except 
that  the  entire  interior  is  black-brown  except  for  a  narrow  white 
border  closely  marked  with  dark  at  each  rib  interval. 

Siphonaria  acmaeoides  Pilsbry.     PI.  VI,  figs.  19,  20,  21,  22. 

Shell  oblong,  nearly  equilateral,  but  with  excentric  apex  like  S. 
radiata  A.  &  R.  (Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  13,  fig.  2).  The  even  surface 
hardly  modified  by  the  9-16  low,  wide  ribs,  between  which  it  is  very 
finely  radially  striated.  Siphonal  rib  wide  but  low  and  inconspicu- 
ous. Apex  spiral,  bent  down  and  appressed.  Interior  blackish  or 
chestnut  within  the  muscle  impression,  outside  of  which  it  is  radially 
striped  black  and  white,  the  siphonal  channel  extremely  shallow 
and  inconspicuous.  Color  outside  whitish-buff,  speckled  and  mac- 
ulated with  brown,  or  whitish  on  the  principal  ribs,  the  intervals 
black-brown.  Length  12|,  breadth  9i,  alt.  3£  mm. 

Prov.  Boshiu,  Japan  (Frederick  Stearns). 

This  little  species  very  closely  resembles  Acmcea  Heroldi  in  the 
general  form  and  the  coloration  of  the  interior. 

OPISTHOBRANCHIATA. 

ACTJEONIDJE. 
Solidula  strigosa  Gld.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  pi.  5,  f.  12,  13. 

Loo  Choo  and  Kagoshima  (Stimp.) ;  Nagasaki  (Birileff) ;  Tokyo 
Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  Gozo  Harbor,  6  fms.  (St.  John). 
Solidula  fratercula  Dkr.     Index,  p.  161,  pi.  13,  f.  21-23. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.  7 

Actaeon  siebaldi  Rre.     Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  148,  pi.  19,  f.  18,  19. 

Japan  (Siebold). 
Leucotina  dianae  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  167,  pi.  18,  f.  68,  69. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Leucotina  gigantea  Dkr.     Index,  p.  160,  pi.  2,  f.  8,  9. 

Japan. 
Leucotina  sulcata  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  168. 

Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 
Leucotina  niphonensis  A.  Ad. 

16  miles  of  Mino-Shima,  off  Nippon,  Strait  of  Corea,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Leucotina  exarata  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  168. 

Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Leucotina  inculpta  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  169. 

St.  of  Corea,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 

Leucotina  punctata  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  169. 

Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Leucotina  japonica  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  169. 

Strait  of  Corea,  off  Nippon  (Ad.). 
Leucotina  scitula  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  170. 

Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Bullina  scabra  Gmel.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p,  176,  pi.  45,  f.  18-22. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu     (Stearns). 

TORNATINIDJE. 
Tornatina  exilis  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  25,  pi.  2,  f.  14. 

Deshima  (Dkr.);  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Tornatina  delicatula  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  190. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.   (Ad.). 
Tornatina  simplex  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  193,  pi.  25,  f.  51. 

Japan  (Ad.). 
Tornatina  gracilis  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  194,  pi.  25,  f.  49. 

Japan  (A.  Ad.). 
Tornatina  fusiformis  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  194,  pi,  22,  f.  27. 

Japan  (A.  Ad.). 
Retusa  succincta  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  222. 

Tsu-Shima,  16  fms. ;  Awa-Shima,  low  water  (Ad.). 


8  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  OPISTHOBRANCHIATA. 

Retusa  (Pyrunculus)  folliculus  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  270. 

Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Betusa  (Pyrunculus)  phiala  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  230. 

Miiio-Shima,  63  fras.  (Ad.). 
Retusa  (Pyrunculus)  elliptioa  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  231. 

Tsu-Shima,  16  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Volvula  opalina,  cylindrella,  ovulina,  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  239,  240. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Volvula  speotabilis  and  radiola  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  240. 

Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Volvula  attenuata  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  240. 

Tsu-Shima,  26  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Volvula  angustata  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  240. 
Eiidermo  Harbor,  4-7  fms.  (St.  John). 

SCAPHANDRIDJE. 

Scaphander  japonicus,  cumingii.  elongatus,  A.  Ad.     .Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  254. 
Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Scaphander  sulcatinus  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  254. 
Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scaphander  sieboldi.  dilatatus  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  255. 

Tsu-Shima,  Japan,  26  fms.  (Ad.). 

The  unfigured  Scaphanders  described  from  Japan  by  Adams  may, 
some  of  them,  prove  to  be  Philines. 

Smaragdinella  sieboldi  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  260. 
Takano-Shima,  between  tide  marks  (Ad.). 

Atys  naucum  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  263,  pi.  28,  f.  11-13,  16. 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 

Atys  scrohiculata  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  265. 
Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 

Atys  (Alicula)  porcellana  Gld.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  268,  pi.  28,  f.  23 ;  Ann.  Mag., 
1875,  xvi,  p.  114. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimp.),  Matoza  Harbor  (St.  John). 

Atys  (Alicula)  secalina  and  volvulina  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  269,  270. 
Tsu-Shima,  Japan,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.  9 

Atys  (Roxania)  punctulata  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  279. 

Mino-Shiraa  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Cylichna  semisulcata  Dunker.     Index,  p.  163,  pi.  13,  f.  7-9. 

Japan. 
Cyliohna  japonica  and  rimata  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  304,  305. 

Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 

Cylichna  proxima,  lepidula,  parallela,  pumila,  candidula  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch., 
xv,  pp.  304-307. 

Tsu-Shima,  26  fms.  (Ad.). 

Cylichna  venustula,  consobrina,  assimilis,  inedita  A.  Ad.   Man.  Conch.,  xv,  pp. 

304-307. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Cylichna  latiuscula  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  305. 

Tabu-Shi  ma,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Cylichna  pertenuis  Smith.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  307. 

N.  lat.  42°  52',  E.  long.  144°  40',  48  fms.  (St.  John). 
Cylichna  laeta  Gld.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  308. 

Kagoshima  (Stimp.). 
Cylichna  consobrina  Gld.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  308. 

W.  coast  of  Yesso. 

Cylichna  concinna  A.  Ad.     Thes.,  p.  593,  pi.  125,  f.  142. 
Matoza  Harbor,  6  fms.  (St.  John). 

PHILINIDJE. 

Philina  scalpta  A.  Adams.     Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  76,  pi.  5,  f.  15,  16. 
Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Tsu  Shima  (Ad.). 

Philine  japonica  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  77,  pi.  5,  f.  13,  14  (P.  striatella  Tap.- 
Can.,  Viag.  Magenta,  pi.  2,  f.  9). 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  Yokohama  (Tap.-Can.).     Specimens  col- 
lected by  Stearns  show  japonica  and  striatella  to  be  identical. 
Philine  crenata  and  striolata  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  ix,  p.  160,  161. 

Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Philine  argentata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  111. 

Hakodate  Bay  (Stimpson),  2-6  fath.,  sandy  mud. 
Philine  (Laona)  zonata  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1865,  p.  324. 

O  Shima  ;  Yobuko  (Ad.). 


10  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  OPISTHOBRANCHIATA. 

BULLIDJE. 

Bulla  (vernicosa  var.  ?)  ovulum  (Old.)  Sowb.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  349. 
Boshiu  ;  Luchu  Is.  (Stearns). 

AKERID2E. 

Haminea  angusta  Gld.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  361. 

Simoda  (Stimp.). 
Haminea  strigosa  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  362. 

Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 

Haminea  grisea  Smith.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  362. 

Off  Japan.    Lat.  42°  52'  N. ;  Long.  144°  4(y  E. ;  48  fath. ;  sand 
and  mud  (St.  John). 

Haminea  cymbalum  Q.  &  6.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  p.  105. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Haminea  constricta  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  370. 

Japan  (Schrenck). 

HYDATINIDJE. 
Hydatina  physig  Linn£.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  387,  pi.  45,  f.  14-17. 

Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Hydatina  alhooinota  Hoeven.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  388,  pi.  45,  f.  29,  30. 

Nagasaki  (Birileff). 
Hydatina  inflata  Dunker.     Index,  p.  162,  pi.  2,  f.  14-16. 

Inland  Sea  at  AVakayama. 

BINGICTJLIDJE. 
Ringicula  doliaris  Gld.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  403. 

Hakodate  Bay  (Stimp.). ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Ringicula  arctata  Gld.     Man.  Conch.,  xv,  p.  403,  pi.  47,  f.  74,  75,  79. 

Nagasaki  (Birileff);  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Eingiouia  oelertiana  Morlet.    Journ.  de  Conchyl.,  1880,  p.  156,  pi.  5,  f.  4. 

Japan  (St.  John). 

APLYSIIDJE. 
Aplysia  marginata  and  marmorea  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  140. 

Port  Hamilton  (Ad.).     Will  probably  occur  in  Japan. 
Dolabella  scapula  Mart.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  168. 

Wakayama  (Dkr.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TEREBRID^.  11 

Pliyllaplysia  punctulata  Tapperone-Canefri.     Yiag.  Magenta,  p.  112,  pi.  2,  f.  3. 
Yokohama. 

TJMBRELLIDJE. 
Umbrella  indica  Linne.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  169. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Bertinia  bertinia  Jouss.     Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.,  1883,  p.  194,  pi.  10,  figs.  6,  8. 

Japan. 

[NUDIBRANCHIATA  omitted]. 

PROSOBRANCHIATA. 

(  Toxoglossa). 
TEREBRIDJE. 

Terebra  albozonata  Smith.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  185,  pi.  19,  f.  5. 
Matoza  Harbor  (Smith)  ;  N.  of  Kiushiu  (St.  John). 
Terebra  adamsii  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  415. 

Matoza  Harbor,  6  fathoms. 

Terebra   (Myurella)  bathyrhaphe  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  415;  Challenger 
Gastrop.,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  377,  pi.  XIV,  fig.  9. 

Gulf  of  Yedo  6  to  25  fathoms,  soft  mud  and  sand. 

Terebra  bifrons  Hinds.    Thes.  Conch.  I,  p.  174,  pi.  43,  f.  57  (a  small  or  young  speci- 
men. 

S.-E.  coast  Prov.  Kii  (Stearns). 
Terebra  bipartita  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  126. 

Hakodate  Bay  (Stimpson). 
Terebra  duplicata  Linne.     Conch.  Icon.,  f.  3. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Terebra  cingulifera  Lam.    Southeast  coast  Kii  (Stearns). 
Terebra  dussumieri  Kiener.    Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  f.  7. 

Kamakura  (Stearns,  young)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Terebra  evoluta  Deshayes.      Rvc.,  Conch.  Icon.,  XII,  f.  55.      Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879, 
p.  183. 

Ukushima,  Goto  Is.,  Matoza  Harbor,  (St.  John);  E.  coast  (Stearns). 
Terebra  flammea  Lam.    Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  f.  13. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Terebra  fulgurata  Phil.    C.  Icon.,  f.  151. 

Tartary  Strait  (Schrenck). 


12  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  TEREBRIDJE. 

Terebra  gotoensis  E.  A.  Smith.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  183,  pi.  19,  f.  1. 
Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Terebra  jeffreyii  E.  A.  Smith.    Smith,  1.  c.,  p.  184,  pi.  19,  f.  2. 

East  of  Kii,  and  between  S.-W.  Nippon  and  Shikoku  (St.  John) 

Terebra  japonica  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  415. 
Matoza  Harbor  6  fathoms,  sand. 

Terebra  lischkeana  Dkr.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  71,  pi.  5,  f.  13-16. 
Kamakura ;  Idzu  (Stearns). 

Terebra  loebbeckiana  Dkr.    Index,  p.  72,  pi.  5,  f.  17,  18. 
Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Terebra  maculata  Linne.    Tryon,  Man.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  9,  pi.  I,  figs.  9-10. 
Japan?  (Dunker).    One  specimen  found  by  Stearns. 

Terebra  muscaria  Lamarck.    Man.  Vol.  VII,  p.  9,  pi.  1,  fig.  12. 

Japan  (Duuker,  Stearns);  Nagasaki  (Lischke,  Tryon). 

Terebra  melanacme  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  415. 

CapeShima  18  fathoms,  sand. 
Terebra  pretiosa  Rve.    C.  loon.,  f.  30a. 

Japan  (Dkr.)' 

Terebra  pustulosa  Smith.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  186.    T.  granulosa  Smith,  Ann. 
Mag.,  1873,  XI,  p.  268. 

Japan  (A.  Ad.). 

Terebra   (Myurella)   polygyrata  Deshayes.      Ann.   Mag.,   1875,  p.  415.     Conch. 
Icon.,  XII,  sp.  146. 

Goza  Harbor  (St.  John);    Kamukura;  Idzu;    Kishiu ;   Tokyo 
Harbor  (Stearns). 

Terebra  serotina  Ads.  A  Rve.     Ads.  A  Rve.,  Zool.  Samarang,  p.  30,  pi.  10,  f.  20. 

Nagasaki  (Ad.)  ;  Kishiu,  Idzu  (Stearns).     In  my  opinion  the  T. 
mariesi  Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1880,  pi.  48,  f.  5,  is  a  synonym. 

Terebra  stearnsii  Pilsbry.    Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  1891,  p.  472,  pi.  19,  f.  5. 
Japan  (Stearns). 

Terebra  strigillata  Linn.    Sowb.,  Thes.  I,  pi.  45,  f.  122. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu,  and  Kamakura  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Terebra  subtextilis  E.  A.  Smith.    Sm.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  185,  pi.  19,  f.  3. 
Idzu  and  Kishiu  ^(Stearns)  ;  Shikoku  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  CONID^E.  13 

Terebra  subulata  Linn.     Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

Terebra  tantilla  E.  A.  Smith.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  185,  pi.  19,  f.  4.  (-f  T.  pum- 
ilio  Sm.,  Ann.  Mag.  1873,  xi,  p.  269). 

Between  Nippon  and  Shikoku  (St.  John). 
Terebra  textilis  Hinds.    Hinds,  Voy.  Sulphur,  p.  34;  Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  130. 

E.  coast  of  Kii  (St.  John)  ;  Southern  Japan. 

Terebra  torquata  Adams  <fe  Reeve.    Voy.  Samarang,  p.  30,  pi.  10,  f.  13. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  E.  of  Goto  Is.  (St.  John)  ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

Terebra  triseriata  Gray.    Dkr.-,  Index,  p.  72,  pi.  5,  f.  19,  20. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns).  Specimen  a  third  larger  than  that  figured 
by  Dunker. 

Several  other  Terebras  have  been  reported  from  Japan,  but  not 
confirmed  by  recent  collections.  T.  blanda  Dh.  (C.  Icon.,  sp.  117)  ; 
T.  dillwyni  Dh.  (1.  c.,sp.  74)  ;  T.  tristis  Dh.  (1.  c.,  sp.  102)  ;  T.  sollda 
Dh.  (1.  c.,  sp.  123). 

CONIDJE. 

Conus  acutangulus  Chemnitz.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  165,  Taf.  14,  figs.  9,  10. 

Japan  (Kiener). 
Conus  aureus  Hwass.    Japan  (Stearns). 
Conus  carinatus  Swains.    Japan  (Stearns). 
Conus  oatus  Brug.    Japan  (Stearns). 
Conus  fulgetrum  Sowerby.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  199,  Taf.  31,  figs.  6-7. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Conus  fulmen  Reeve.     Conch.  Icon.,  sp.  215. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke  ;  Rein)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Conus  hebraeus  Linn.    Japan  (A.  Ad.  j  Stearns)  j  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Conus  intermedius  Reeve.     C.  Icon.,  I,  f.  129. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Conus  lentiginosus  Reeve. 

Two  Japanese  specimens  collected  by  Stearns  seem  in  every  way 
typical.  Reeve's  figure  is  from  a  small  example. 

Conus  lischkeanus  Weinkauff.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  311,  Taf.  56,  figs.  2,  3. 
Kiushiu  (Lischke). 


14  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  CONID^. 

Conns  marmoreus  Linn.     Nagasaki  (Liachke) ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

Conns  miles  Linn.    Tsushima  (Stearns). 

Conns  miliaris  Hwass.    Japan  (Stearns). 

Conns  orbignyi  Audouin.     Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  I,  sp.  17  (C.  planioostatus  Sowb.). 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Conns  panperonlns  Sowb.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  94,  pi.  2,  figs.  4,  5. 

Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns). 
Conns  pulicarins  Hwass. 

Yokohama  (Dkr.)  ;  Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Conns  queroinns  Hwass.    Japan  (Stearns). 
Conns  sieboldi  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  I,  f.  269. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Conns  tessellatns  Born.     C.  Icon.,  f.  163. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Conns  textile  Linne.     Nagasaki  (Liscbke). 
Conns  tnlipa  Linn.     Japan  (Stearns). 
Conns  vexillnm  Gmel.    Japan  (Stearns). 

[Conus  nebulosus  Sol.  One  specimen  of  the  form  with  spire  flat 
except  for  a  conical  elevated  mucro,  was  obtained  by  Mr.  Stearns  in 
Japan  ;  but  is  probably  to  be  regarded  as  an  adventitious  shell  not 
belonging  to  that  fauna]. 

PLEUROTOMIDJE. 

Plenrotoma  crispa  Lamarck.     Ooshima,  Harbor  8  fatboms  (St.  John). 
Plenrotoma  grandis  Gray.    Conch.  Icon.,  fig.  13. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Plenrotoma  yedoensis  Jouss.    Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.,  1883,  p.  196,  pi.  10,  fig.  7. 

Japan.     Is  it  a  synonym  of  P.  grandis? 

Plenrotoma  marmorata  Lam.     C.  Icon.,  f.  139  (P.  hastula  Rve.).     Kiener,  Coq. 
Viv.,  pi.  6,  f.  11.     Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  186. 

Japan  (Dkr.)  ;  betw.  Nippon  and  Shikoku,  30  fms.  (St.  John). 

Plenrotoma  variegata  Kiener.      Coq.  Viv.,  pi.  9,  f.  1.      Man.  Conch.,  p.  164,  pi.  2, 
f.  13. 


Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

enrotoma  pioturata  \ 
Rve.  not  Kiener). 

Japan  (Lischke). 


Plenrotoma  pictnrata  Weinkauff.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  66,  pi.  14,  f.  13.  (P.  variegata 
Rve.  not  Kiener). 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  PLEUROTOMIDJE.  15 

Fleurotoma  unedo  Valenciennes.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  19,  pi.  4,  fig.  1. 

Nagasaki,  Yedo  Bay  (Lischke)  ;  Miura,  Sagami  (Stearns). 
Fleurotoma  cingulifera  Lam.  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Pleurotoma  indica  Desh.     E.  Coast,  S.  of  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Fleurotoma  tuberoulata  Gray.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  40,  pi.  fig.  1,  3.     Man.  Conch., 
vi,  p.  237,  pi.  5,  f.  66,  67,  C.  Icon.,  f.  72. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Dkr.). 
Fleurotoma  leucotropis  Adams  and  Reeve.     A.  &  R.,  Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  10,  f.  7. 

Sagami,  Tokyo  (Stearns)  ;  Matoza  and  Ooshima  Harbors,  6  to  8 
fathoms,  sandy  mud  (St.  John). 

I  suppose  this  is  what  Dunker  (Index,  p.  21)  calls  P.  albicarinata 
Sowb.  (seeP.Z.  S.,1870). 

Pleurotoma  declivis  Martens.     Conchol.  Mittheil.,  p.  39,  pi.  9,  f.  2. 

Japan,  Hakodate  (Hilgendorf ). 

Fleurotoma  patruelis  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  188,  pi.  19,  f.  10,  lOa.   Ann.  Mag. 
1875,  p.  419. 

Gulf  of  Yedo,  10  J  fms.  (St.  John)  ;  Japan  Sea,  lat  34°  &  N.,  long. 
136°  15'  E.,  11  fms.  (St.  John). 

Pleurotoma  sancti-ioannis  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (4),  xv,  p.  416. 

One  hundred  miles  southeast  of  Yesso,  48  fms.  (St.  John). 
Pleurotoma  triporcata  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  188,  pi.  19,  f.  9. 

Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 
Pleurotoma  difficilis  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  187,  pi.  19,  f.  8. 

Between  S.-W.  extremity  Nippon  and  I.  Shikoku,  north  of  Kiu- 
shiu  (St.  John). 
Pleurotoma  vertebrata  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  416,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  186,  pi. 

19,  f.  6a. 

Matoza  Harbor,  6  fathoms,  sand  (St.  John),  and  same  localities  as 
last  species. 

Pleurotoma  tuberosa  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  N.  H.,  (4),  xv,  p.  418. 

Ooshima  Harbor,  8  fms. ;  Matoza  Harbor,  6  fms. ;  Goza  Harbor, 
6  fms.  (St.  John). 
Pleurotoma  niponica  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  187,  pi.  19,  f.  7. 

Between  S.-W.  extremity  Nippon  and  I.  Shikoku  (St.  John). 
Pleurotoma  (Gemmula)  fusca  Homb.  &  Jac.q.     Voy.  au  Pole  Sud,  Zool.,  v,  p.  Ill, 

pi.  25,  f.  19,  20  ;  Man.  Conch.,  p.  173. 

Goto  Is.,  between  S.-W.  extremity  Nippon  and  I.  Shikoku,  30  fms. 
(St.  John).  Tryon  believes  the  Japanese  specimens  referable  to 
gemmata  Hinds. 


16  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  PLEUROTOMID^E. 

Pleurotoma?  kamakurana  n.  sp.     PI.  2,  fig.  15,  16. 

Shell  fusiform,  much  elongated,  the  canal  nearly  as  long  as  the 
spire  ;  dull  brown,  with  an  ill-defined  light  band  around  the  middle  ; 
spire  attenuated,  the  whorls  very  convex,  almost  angular,  concave 
above  and  nearly  smooth,  appressed  at  the  suture.  Sculptured  with 
numerous  short  vertical  folds  which  do  not  extend  on  the  body 
whorl  below  the  level  of  the  upper  angle  of  mouth,  and  become 
obsolete  on  its  latter  half;  and  numerous  subequal,  crowded  spiral 
cords  throughout.  Aperture  nearly  half  the  length  of  shell,  long- 
elliptical  above,  passing  into  a  long,  open,  straight  canal  below. 
Anal  sinus  wide  and  rather  shallow ;  outer  lip  gently  arched  for- 
ward. Alt.  53,  diam.  15  mill. 

Kamakura  (Stearns,  2  specimens). 
Genotia  Luhdorfi  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  pi.  1,  f.  2-4. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

Genotia  engonia  Wat»on.     Challenger,  Gastrop.,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  300,  pi.  xx,  fig.  7. 

Enoshima,  345  fathoms,  green  mud. 

Columbarium  pagoda  Lesson.     Man.  Conch.,  vi,  p.  175.    Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  1,  f.  8, 
9,  10. 

Japan. 
Drillia  candens  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  192,  pi.  19,  f.  17. 

Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 
Drillia  chocolata  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (4),  xv,  p.  417. 

Goza  Harbor,  6  fms.  (St.  John). 
Drillia  consimilia  Smith.    P.  Z.  8.,  1879,  p.  188,  pi.  19,  f.  11. 

South  of  Korea,  24  fms.  (St.  John). 
Drillia  erosa  Schrenck.     Amurl.  Moll.,  p.  405,  pi.  17,  f.  5-7. 

Bay  of  Castries  (Schrenck)  ;  Nemoro,  E.  Yesso  ;  off  Cape  Blunt; 
Yamada  Harbor  ;  E.  of  Yesso ;  3-35  fms.  (St.  John). 

Drillia  flavidula  Lamarck.     Conchyl.-Cab.,  p.  45,  pi.  10,  fig.  1  to  5.    Ann.  Mag., 
1875,  p.  417. 

North  of  Nippon  in  43  fathoms,  sand  and  mud ;  W.  of  Nippon, 
3  fathoms  soft  mud ;  Goza  Harbor,  6  fath.  (St.  John) ;    Nagasaki 
(Lischke). 
Drillia  flavonodulosa  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  194,  pi.  19,  f.  21. 

Inland  Sea,  between  Shikoku  and  Nippon  (St.  John). 
Drillia  fortilirata  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  194,  pi.  19,  f.  22. 

E.  of  Goto  Is.,  and  Nippon  and  Shikoku  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PLEUROTOMID^E.  17 

Drillia  graoilenta  Reeve.   Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  195,  pi.  19,  f.  24 ;  Reeve,  C.  Icon., 
f.  114  (plus  P.  contracta  Rve.,  f.  116,  and  P.  fusoides  Rve.  f.  349). 

E.  coast  of  Kii,  S.  of  Nippon  (St.  John)  ;  Karaakura  and  Tokyo 
Harbor  (Stearns). 
Drillia  humilis  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  193,  pi.  19,  f.  20. 

Ojika  Bay,  Goto  Is.,  10  fms.  (St.  John). 
Drillia  principalis  n.  sp.    PI.  2,  f.  17. 

Shell  resembling  D.jeffreysii  Smith,  but  decidedly  more  attenua- 
ted. Whorls  about  13,  angular  convex,  concave  above,  buff,  finely 
mottled  all  over  with  reddish-brown,  purplish  on  the  spire,  especially 
between  the  folds.  Sculptured  with  oblique  longitudinal  folds  (11 
on  penult,  whorl)  which  stop  abruptly  at  the  shoulder  and  grad- 
ually decrease  below ;  spirals  rather  spaced,  coarse  and  unequal, 
alternating  in  size,  absent  on  the  concave  upper  surface  of  the 
whorls;  the  surface  between  lirse  and  over  the  concave  analfasciole 
finely  spirally  striate.  Aperture  sub-rhombic,  narrowed  below, 
slightly  over  one-third  the  shell's  length  ;  canal  a  little  recurved. 
Anal  sinus  very  deep,  straight ;  outer  lip  arched  forward,  with  a 
distinct  sub-basal  sinus.  Columella  moderately  calloused  and  nearly 
straight  below,  bearing  a  callous  tubercle  above. 

Alt.  53,  diam.  18  mm. 

Alt.  36,  diam.  11  mm. 

D-  jeffreysii,  while  allied  to  this,  is  far  broader  if  specimens  of  the 
same  size  be  compared.  D.  latisinuata  Smith  has  a  wider,  squarer 
anal  sinus,  with  flaring  posterior  lobe  of  the  outer  lip.  The  shape 
of  the  sinus  itself  is  different  in  D.  lanceolata  (Rve.)  Martens.  In 
some  specimens  the  spiral  lirse  are  much  wider,  flattened,  and  the 
folds  more  numerous.  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Drillia  inconstans  Smith.  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1875,  (4),  xv,  p.  417. 

Ooshima  Harbor,  8  fms. ;  Tsushima  Strait,  9  fms. ;  Matoza  Har- 
bor, 6  fms.  (St.  John). 
Drillia  intermaculata  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  pi.  19,  f.  19. 

South  of  Corea. 
Drillia  interrupta  Lam.    C.  Icon.,  f.  51. 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 
Drillia  japonica  Lischke.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  191,  pi.  19,  f.  15. 

Boshiu,  Kamakura,  Tokyo  Harbor,  coast  of  Prov.  Kii  (Stearns)  ; 
Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  north  of  Kiushiu,  33°  56'  N.  lat.,  130°  27' E. 
long.  (Smith).  2 


18  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PLEUROTOMID^E. 

Drillia  Jeffreys!!  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (4),  xv,  p.  417,  1875. 

Goza  Harbor,  3-43  fms.    (St.  John). 
Drillia  lanceolata  Rve.     Conch.  Mittheil.,  I,  p.  38,  pi.  8,  f.  4. 

Hakodate  (Hilgendorf.). 
Drillia  longispira  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  190,  pi.  19,  f.  14. 

East  of  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Drillia  1  tokyoensis  n.  sp.  pi.  2,  f.  5. 

Shell  fusiform,  elongated,  slender,  dark  chestnut-brown  through- 
out. Whorls  6,  slightly  convex,  separated  by  narrowly  impressed 
sutures,  the  earlier  2  whorls  smooth,  the  remainder  strongly  latticed. 
Spirals  15  on  body-whorl,  strong,  equal  and  continuous ;  longitudi- 
nal ribs  22  on  last  whorl,  about  as  high  as  the  spiral  cords,  but 
wider  and  more  rounded,  disappearing  on  the  very  short  canal. 
Penultimate  whorl  with  6  spiral  cords.  Aperture  three-sevenths  the 
total  alt.  of  shell.  Outer  lip  thickened  by  a  rounded  varix,  within 
crenulated  by  short  lirae  ;  the  anal  notch  deep,  narrow  and  rounded, 
separated  from  suture  by  a  heavy  callus.  Canal  short  and  straight. 

Alt.  7,  diam.2s  mm. 

Kamakura  ;   Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Drillia  nagasakiensis  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  190,  pi.  19,  f.  13. 

West  of  Nagasaki,  40-58  fins.  (St.  John)'. 

Drillia  obliquata  Rre.    C.  loon.,  f.  262. 

Between  Nippon  and  Shikoku  (St.  John). 
Drillia  peradmirabilis  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  189,  pi.  19,  f.  12. 

Goto  Is.  and  South  of  Corea  (St.  John). 
Drillia  rarioostata  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  192,  pi.  19,  f.  18. 

W.  of  Nagasaki  (St.  John). 
Drillia  reoiproca  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  133. 

Ooshima  (Stimpson). 
Drillia  sinensis  Hinds.    C.  Icon.,  f.  153. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Drillia  subauriformis  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  195,  pi.  19,  f.  23 ;  Dkr.,  Index,  p. 
24,pl.  4,  f.  5-7. 

Tokyo  Harbor  and  Kamakura  (Stearns) ;  between  Nippon  and 
Shikoku  (St.  John). 

Drillia  subobliquata  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  191,  pi.  19,  f.  16. 
East  of  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PLEUROTOMID^E.  19 

Drillia  texta  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  2,  pi.  1,  f.  19. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Drillia  vidua  Reeve.     C.  Icon.,  f.  192. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Drillia  (Crassispira)  striata  Kiener.    C.  Icon.,  f.  144. 

Bay  of  Castries  (Nordmann). 
Oligotoma  makimonos  Jouss.    Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.,  1883,  p.  198,  pi.  10,  fig.  4. 

Japan  (Jouss.);  neighborhood  of  Gulf  of  Yedo  (Stearns). 
Bela  iessoensis  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  419. 

S.-E.  of  Yedo,  lat.  42°  58'  K,  long.  104°  24'  E.,  43  fath.,  sand 
and  mud.  (St.  John). 

Bela  (Typhlomangilia)  pyrrha  Watson.    Challenger  Gastrop.  1873-6,  XV,  p.  316, 
(pi.  XXV,  f,  6). 

Kobe  and  Yokohama,  50  fathoms,  sand  (Challenger). 
Lachesis  japonica  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  198,  pi.  20,  f.  29. 

Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fins.  (Ad.)  ;  E.  of  Goto  Is.,  58  fins.  (St.  John). 
Clavatula  virginea  Val.    C.  Icon.,  i,  f.  32  (Pleurotoma). 

Hakodate  (Lindholm). 

Surcula  javana  Linne.    Man.  Conch.,  vi,  p.  237  (syn.  P.  nodifera  Lam.,  lurida  Ads. 
&  Rve.,  Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  Id,  f.  5). 

Surcula  coreanica  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  10,  f.  8. 

Corea  (Adams). 
Surcula  kaderleyi  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  pi.  1,  f.  1. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;     Enoshima   (Stearns). 
Mangilia  costulata  Dkr.  Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  1,  f.  20. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Mangilia  deshayesii  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  3,  pi.  1,  f.  3. 

Deshima. 
Mangilia  filicincta  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  216. 

Japan  (A.  Adams). 
Mangilia  lischkei  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1888  (6),  II,  p.  312. 

Japan  (Brit.  Mus.). 

Mangilia  modica  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  213. 

Japan  (?). 
Mangilia  pygmaea  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  2,  pi.  1,  f.  8. 

Deshima. 


20  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  PLEUROTOMID^E. 

Mangilia  robusticostata  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  198,  pi.  19,  f.  28. 

Japan. 
Mangilia  splendida  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1867,  p.  309,  pi.  19,  f.  24. 

Goto  Is.  (Ad.). 

Citharopsis  oanoellata  A.  Ad.  Ann.  Mag.  1865,  p.  323. 

Mino-Shiiua  (Ad.) 
Glyphostoma  obtusioostata  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  304. 

(?)  Japan,  probably. 
Clathurella  crassilabrum  Rve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  118. 

Hakodate  (Albrecht). 
Clathurella  filosa  Gld.    Otia  Conob.,  p.  134. 

Ooshima  (Stimpson). 
Clathurella  gracilispira  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  196,  pi.  19,  f.  25  (Defrancia). 

North  of  Kiushiu  (St.  John). 
Clathurella  leuckarti  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.;  p.  2,  pi.  1,  f.  1. 

Deshiraa  (Dkr.);  Tokyo  Harbor  and  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Clathurella  perinsignis  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1884,  XIV,  p.  322. 

Japan  (?). 
Clathurella  ootangulata  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  1,  pi.  1,  f.  8. 

Deshiraa  (Dkr.)  ;  north  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines,  in  Stearns  coll.). 
Bunker's  figures  are  not  nearly  so  angular  at  the  shoulder  as  these 
specimens. 
Clathurella  asperulata  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  296-7. 

Japan  (A.  Adams). 
Clathurella  piperata  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  298. 

Straits  of  Corea  (A.  Adams). 

Clathurella  rubro-apicata  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  J96. 
Japan  (?). 

Clathurella  japonica  Melvill.     Proc.  Malac.  Soc.  Lond.,  I,  p.  227,  pi.  14, 
f.  11. 

Japan  (Melv.). 

Clathurella  1  gainesii  n.  sp.    PI.  2,  f.  4. 

Shell  elongated,  turrited,  corneous-brown,  the  interstices  of  the 
latticed  sculpture  dark  brown.  Whorls  7,  very  convex,  separated 
by  deep  sutures  ;  the  earlier  portion  of  spire  attenuated.  Sculpture 
consisting  of  strong,  broadly  rounded  longitudinal  folds  (12  on  last 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CANCELLARIID^J.  21 

whorl,  becoming  obsolete  on  the  base)  crossed  by  narrow  but  strong 
spiral  cords  separated  by  intervals  greater  than  their  width,  contin- 
uous over  the  longitudinal  folds  but  stronger  between  them,  in  num- 
ber 14  on  last  whorl,  4  on  penultimate  whorl.  Aperture  contained 
2£  times  in  length  of  shell ;  outer  lip  thick,  narrowly  varixed  out- 
side, having  several  rather  strong  teeth  within ;  anal  notch  deeper 
than  wide,  oblique,  separated  from  suture  by  a  thin  callus  only. 
Anterior  canal  very  short.  Alt.  6£,  diam.  2f  mm. 

Kamakura  (Stearns)  ;  north  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines). 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Mr.  W.  R.  Gaines,  formerly  of 
Kyoto,  who  received  numerous  marine  shells  from  the  north  shore 
of  Tango,  collected  by  his  students.     It  has  a  slight  resemblance  to 
D.  subauriformis  Smith  and  D.  texta  Dkr. 
Clathurella  reticulosa  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.  1882,  X,  p.  297. 

Japan  (A.  Adams). 
Daphnella  1  arota  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1884,  XIV,  p.  325. 

Japan  and  Persian  Gulf  (Smith). 
Daphnella  fragilis  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  179. 

Japan  (Smith). 

Daphnella  fuscobalteata  Smith.      P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  196,  pi.  19,  f.  26  ("  fuscolineata  " 
Dkr.,  Index,  p.  25). 

Betw.  Nippon  and  Shikoku  (St.  John). 
Daphnella  saturata  Reeve.     C.  Icon.,  I,  f.  213;  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  197. 

North  of  Kiushiu  (St.  John). 
Daphnella  suhzonata  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  197,  pi.  19,  f.  27. 

North  of  Kiushiu  (St.  John). 
Daphnella  supercostata  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  201. 

Japan  (A.  Adams). 
Taranis  1  turritispira  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1882,  X,  p.  306. 

Japan  (Smith), 
Mitromorpha  lirata  A.  Ad.  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  1865,  p.  322. 

Simonosaki ;  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 
Zafra  mitraeformis  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  Nov.,  1860,  p.  332. 

Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

CANCELLAEIIDJE. 

€ancellaria  spengleriana  Deshayes.     Challenger  Gastrop.,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  273  ; 
Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  425 ;  Tryon,  Man.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  67,  pi.  1,  f.  2,  3. 

Shimidzu,  Akasi,  Mososeki  (A.  Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  1868,  p.  368)  ; 
Kobe,  8  fathoms,  mud  (Chall.) ;  Lat.  35°  7'  N.,  long.  136°  55'  E., 


22  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  CANCELLARIID^E. 

3  fath.,  soft  mud  (St.  John)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Inland  Sea,  etc. 
(Stearns). 

Cancellaria  asperella  Lam.  var.  reeveana  Crosse  (=elegans  Sowb.  not  Deeh.).  Rv., 
C.  Icon.,  X,  pi.  3,  f.  12. 

Yokohama   (Stearns) ;  Inland   Sea  (Dkr.) ;  Kiusiu   and  Tokyo 
(Lischke)  ;  Seto-Uchi ;  Torno  (Ad.). 

Cancellaria  bocageana  Crosse  <t  Debeaux.     Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  41,  pi.  2,  f.  12, 
13,  14. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Cancellaria  nodulifera  Sowb.     Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  6,  f.  24,  25.      Conchyl.  Cab.,  pi.  8, 
f.  1,  2. 

Yokohama  Bay  (Stearns)  ;  Kino-o-Sima  ;  Shiraidzu  (A.  Ad.). 
Cancellaria  semipellucida  Ad.  A  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  42,  pi.  10,  f.  3,  3a. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Cancellaria  macrospira  Ads.  &  Rve.    Zool.  Samarang,  p.  41,  pi.  10,  f.  2. 

Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 
Cancellaria  fischeri  A.  Adams.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  II.,  1868,  p.  368. 

Mino  Shima  (Ad.). 
Admete  viridula  Fabric.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  84. 

Aniwa  Bay,  17  fms.  (Ad.);  Castle  Point,  Manchuria. 

Admete  arctica  Midd.     Mai.  Rossica,pl.  9,  f.  12.     A.  borealis  Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  Nov., 
1868,  p.  369. 

Aniwa  Bay  (Ad.). 
Admete  japonica  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  216,  pi.  20,  f.  54. 

Corea  Strait  (St.  John). 
Admete  ovata  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  426. 

Lat.  42°  52'  N.,  Long.  144°  40'  E.,  48  fathoms  (St.  John). 

Admete  globularia  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  426. 

Lat.  42°  52'  N.,  Long.  144°  40'  E.,  48  fath.,  sandy  bottom  (St. 
John). 

Admete  cancellata  Kobelt.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  105,  pi.  24,  fig.  14. 
Japan. 

(Rhachiglossd). 

OLIVIDJE. 

Oliva  sanguinolenta  Lamarck.     Man.  Conch.,  V,  p.  79. 
Japan  (Rein). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  OLIVID^E.  23 

Oliva  ispidula  Linne.    Thes.  Conch.,  IV,  f.  240-254. 

Japan. 
Oliva  mustelina  Lamk.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  426  ;  C.  Icon.,  f.  23. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Oliva  rufopiota  Weinkauff.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  88,  pi.  23,  f.  11,  12. 

Japan  (Loebecke). 

Oliva  paxillus  Reeve.    Japan. 

Oliva  elegans  Lam.    Thes.  Conch.,  f.  158-160. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Oliva  irisans  Lain.    Thes.  Conch.,  f.  123. 

Japan  (Dkr.) ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns ;  with  var.  erythrostoma). 
Oliva  carneola  Lam.  Thes.,  f.  233-235. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Oliva  tessellata  Lam.    Thes.,  f.  222-224. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Oliva  picta  Rve.     C.  Icon.,  f.  79. 

Japan. 

Olivella  jaspidea  Gmel.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Olivella  anazora  Duclos.    Thes.,  f.  419. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Castries  Bay  (Nordmann). 
Olivella  tergina  Duclos.    Duel.,  Olira,  pi.  2,  f.  13-16. 

Northern  Japan  (Schrenck). 
Olivella  zanoeta  Duclos.    Thes.,  f.  404. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Several  of  the  Olivellas  named  above  are  probably  admitted  to 
the  Japanese  fauna  on  insufficient  evidence  or  incorrect  identifica- 
tion. Schrenck  gives  0.  gracilis  B.  &  S.  and  0.  dama,  from  the  Bay  of 
Castries,  both  probably  incorrect.  The  following  are  unquestiona- 
bly Japanese. 

Olivella  fulgurata  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  31,  pi.  10,  f.  12  ;  Smith,  Ann. 
Mag.,  1875,  p.  426;  -|-0.  consobrina  Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  62,  pi.  5,  f.  10,  11. 

Yamada  Harb.,  7  fath.,  sand  (St.  John)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  ;  Kama- 
kura  (Stearns) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  N.  coast  of  Tango  (Gaines). 

Olivella  fortunei  (Ad.)  Marratt.     PI.  II,  fig.  11. 
Thes.  Conch.,  IV,  pi.  350,  f.  422,  423. 

Marratt's  figures  but  poorly  represent  the  magnificent  specimens 
procured  by  Mr.  Stearns.  The  large  dark  form  shown  in  the  fig- 
ure may  be  called  var.  japonica  Stearns. 


24  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  VOLUTIDJE. 

Olivella  signata  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  p.  44,  pi.  2,  f.  26,  27. 

Yedo  (Lischke). 
Olivella  spreta  Gld.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  216,  pi.  20,  f.  55. 

E.  of  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Olivella  fabula  Marratt.     Thes.  Conch.,  IV,  pi.  350,  f.  420,  421. 

The  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns  while  agreeing  perfectly 
with  typical  fabula  in  the  peculiar  parietal  callus,  are  somewhat 
stouter,  less  attenuated  above  and  fuller  in  the  body  than  a  speci- 
men of  fabula  before  me  from  Mr.  Marratt.  The  basal  callus  is  white, 
or  in  one  shell  slightly  brownish.  Alt.  11*5,  diam.  5  mm. 

I  believe  this  quite  distinct  from  0.  fulgurata. 
Anoilla  albo-oallosa  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  44,  pi.  2,  f.  24,  25. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  East  coast  Japan  above 
Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Ancilla  inornata  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  217,  pi.  20,  f.  56. 

Japan.  Dunker  identifies  also  A.  montrouzieri  Souv.  a  New  Cal- 
edonian species. 

HARPIDJE. 
Harpa  conoidalis  Lam.     C.  Icon.,  sp.  7. 

Japan  (Dunker). 
Harpa  minor  Lam.    Japan  (Stearns). 

MARGINELLIDJE. 

Marginella  sexplicata  Dkr.      M.  obtusa  Sowb.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1870,  p.  254,  not  in  Thes., 
p.  374. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

VOLUTIDJE. 
Voluta  megaspira  Sowb.    Thea.,  p.  298,  f.  31,  32. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Bay  of  Hakodate  (Ad.) ;  Inland  Sea 
(Stearns). 

Voluta  rupestris  Gmel.     Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Voluta  hamillei  Crosse.    Journ.  de  Conch.,  XVIII,  p.  97,  pi.  1,  f.  5  ;  pi.  2.  f.  1. 
Voluta  vespertilio  Linn.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Voluta  concinna  Brod.     C.  Icon.,  f.  53. 

Japan  Sea  (Dkr.). 
Lyria  cassidula  Reeve.     Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  2,  f.  10-13. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Kino-o-Shima, 
Tsu-Saki  and  Satanomosaki  (A.  Ad.)  ;  N.  coast  of  Prov.  Tango 
(Gaines,  in  Stearns  coll.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  MITRID^E.  25 

Lyria  nucleus  Lam.     C.  Icon.,  f.  41. 

Tatiyanm  and  Okiuo-Shima  (Ad.). 
Volutomitra  pusilla  Schrenck.     Moll.  Amurl.,  p.  445,  pi.  17,  f.  13-15. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

MITRID-E. 

Mitra  hanleyana  Dkr.     Index,  p.  51,  pi.  2,  f.  6,  7.     (M.  wrighti  Cr.,  J.  C,,  1878,  pi. 

1.  f.  1). 

Sea  of  Japan  (Dkr.)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Mitra  rosacea  Rve.     C.  Icon  ,  f.  321.    Japan. 
Mitra  flammigera  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  173. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Mitra  ferruginea  Lam.     Nagasaki  (Lischke ;  Stearns). 
Mitra  amphorella  Lam.     Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  8.    Japan. 
Mitra  scutulata  Chemn.     C.  Icon.,  f.  126. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Mitra  cruentata  Chemn.     C.  Icon.,  f.  126.     Japan  (Dkr.). 

Mitra  bronni  Dkr.      Index,  pi.  5,  f.  5,  6.      (M.  fuscoapicata  Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879, 
pi.  20,  f.  49). 

E.  of  Kii,  48  fms.;  Ooshima  Harbor  (St.  John). 
Mitra  subtruncata  Sowb.     Thes,,  pi.  360,  f.  405  ;  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  214. 

Ooshima  Harbor,  8  fms.  (St.  John). 
Mitra  secalina  Gld.     Otia  Conch.,  p.  129. 

Ooshima  (Stimpson). 

Mitra  (Costellaria)  suluensis  Ads.  &  Rve.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  425;  Voy.  Sama- 
rang,  p.  26,  pi.  10.  f.  27. 

Ooshima  Harb.,  8  fath.,  sandy  mud  (St.  John). 

Mitra  (Costellaria)  araneosa  Lam.     Japan  (Stearns). 

Mitra  collinsoni  A.  Adams.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  218,  pi.  20,  f.  50. 

E.  of  Goto  Is. ;  Ooshima ;  Matoza  Harbor  (St.  John)  ;  Kino-o- 
Shima  (Ad.). 

Mitra  gotoensis  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  215,  pi.  20,  f.  51. 

Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 
Mitra  pyramidella  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  Apr.,  1862,  p.  297. 

Satauomosaki  (Ad.). 
Mitra  kraussii  Dkr.     Index,  p.  53,  pi.  5,  f.  11,  12. 

Prov.  Kii ;    Suruga  (Stearns)  ;    Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;    Deshima 
(Nuhn) ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 


26  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  FASCIOLARIID^E. 

Mitra  eemula  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  215,  pi.  20,  f.  52. 
Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Mitra  inermis  Reeve.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  216,  pi.  20,  f.  53,  53a, 

Ojica  Bay,  Goto  Is.,  5  fms.  (St.  John). 
Mitra  porphyretica  Reeve.    C.  loon.,  sp.  195. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cylindromitra  crenulata  Chemn.    C.  Icon.,  f.  190a. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

[One  specimen  of  Mitra  pontificalia  was  obtained  by  Mr.  Stearns, 
but  it  was  probably  imported]. 

FASCIOLABIIDJE. 

Fusus  nodosoplicatus  Dunker.      Lischke,  Jap.  Meeree-Conch.,  II,  p.  27.  pi.  3,  f.  6. 
Novit  Conch.,  p.  99,  pi.  33,  f.  3,  4. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Ukushima,  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 
Fusus  nioobaricus  Lam.    Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  IV,  f.  37. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

Fusus  perplexus  A.  Adams.     Ad..  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  1864,  VII,  p.  106-  (F.  incon- 
stant Liechke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  pi.  2,  f.  1-6 ;  II,  pi.  3,  f.  1-5). 

Yedo  and  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;   Sagami  Bay  (Stearns) ;    near 
Goto  Is.,  (St.  John). 

Fusus  longioauda  Bory.    C.  Icon.,  IV,  f.  13. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Fusus  tuberosus  Reeve.     Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  IV,  f.  7. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Japan  and  Loo  Choo  Is.  (Stearns). 
Fusus  nigrirostratus  E.  A.  Smith.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  202,  pi.  20,  f.  34. 

South  of  Corea  (St.  John). 

Fusus  japonicus  Gray.     Zool.  Beechey's  Voy.,  p.  115. 

Japan  Sea. 

Fusus  spectrum  Ads.  &  Reeve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  41,  pi.  7,  f.  2. 

Nagasaki,  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 
Fusus  lacteus  Dkr.  Index,  p.  12,  pi.  3,  f.  11,  12. 

Japan  Sea  (Loebbecke  coll.). 
Fusus  niponlcus  E.  A.  Smith.    Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  203,  pi.  20,  f.  12. 

South  of  Nippon,  52  fms.  (St.  John). 

Fusus  simplex  E.  A.  Smith.     Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  204,  pi.  20,  f.  35. 

South  of  Corea,  24  fms.  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  FASCIOLARIIDvE.  27 

Fusus  coreanious  Smith.     L.  c.,  p.  204,  pi.  20,  f.  36. 

South  of  Corea  (St.  John). 
Fusus  sieboldi  Schepman.    Notes  Leyd.  Mus.,  XIII,  p.  62,  pi.  9,  fig.  3. 

Japan  (Siebold). 
Fusus  graciliformis  Sowerby.    Thes.,  IV,  pi.  411,  fig.  62. 

Japan  (Sowb.). 
Fusus  forceps  Perry  (turricula  Kien).     Thes.,  IV,  pi.  408,  fig.  24. 

Japan  (Sowb.). 
Fusus  modestus  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  121. 

Hakodate,  10  fathoms,  shelly  sand  (Stimpson). 
Fasciolaria  trapezium  Linn. 

Inland  Sea.     The  elongated  form,  var.  audouini  Jonas,  also  col- 
lected by  Stearns.    Lischke  reports  it  from  Nagasaki. 
Fasciolaria  filamentosa  Chemnitz.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  136,  pi.  24.  fig.  1. 

Hakodate  and  Takano  Shima  (Ad.). 
Fasciolaria  glabra  Dkr.     Index,  p.  48,  pi.  12,  f.  15,  16. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Latirus  polygonus  Gmel.    Rve.,  Conch.,  Icon.     Turbinella,  f.  1. 

Tatiyama  (Ad.). 

Latirus  rhodostoma  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  4,  t.  1,  f.  21. 

Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Latirus  belcheri  Reeve.    Reeve,  C.  Icon.    Turbinella,  f.  22. 

Japan  (Stearns). 
Latirus  nagasakiensis  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1880,  p.  482,  pi.  48,  f.  7. 

Japan  (Maries). 
Latirus  recurvirostris  Schub.  &  Wag.       • 

A  single  large  fresh  specimen  collected  by  Stearns,  East  Coast. 
Lagena  smaragdula  Linn.     Yokohama  (Stearns). 
Peristernia  pulchra  Reeve.     Kominah,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

BTJCCINID.E. 
Hemifusus  ternatanus  Gmel. 

Yokohama  ;   Tokyo  to  Kii  coast  (Stearns).     Several  fresh  speci- 
mens with  opercula. 

Hemifusus  tuba  Gmelin.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  41,  pi.  7,  f.  1,  2. 

Nagasaki  (Schrenck,  A.  Ad.,  Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Hako- 
date, Tatiyama,  Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 


28  JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  BUCCINID^E. 

Thatcheria  mirabilis  Angas.    P.  Z.  S.,  1877,  pi.  54,  f.  1. 
Japan  (Thatcher). 

Chrysodomus  arthritious  (Val.)  Bernard!.     Bern.,  Journ.  de  Conchyl.,  1857,  p.  386 
pi.  12,  f.  3,  3a. 

Hakodate  (Bernard! ;  Stearns). 

The  specimens  are  smaller  than  Bern ardi's  figure,  but  undoubtedly 
the  same.     When  not  corroded  the  color  is  dark  brown. 
Neptunea  oumingi  Crosse.    J.  de  C.,  1862,  p.  51,  pi.  5,  f.  12. 

Bay  of  Talienwhan  (Cunring). 

Very  closely  allied  to  C.  arthriticus,  of  which  it  is  probably  a 
variety. 

Chrysodomus  bulbaceus  (Val.)  Bernardi.     Journ.  de  Conch.,  1858,  p.  183,  pi.  7.  f.  1. 

Gulf  of  Tartary  (Bern.). 

The  next  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  this. 
Chrysodomus  luridus  A.  Ad.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  14,  pi.  3,  f.  3,  4. 

Aniwa  Bay  ;  Cape  Tofuts  (Ad). 
Chrysodomus  antiquus  var.  despectus  Linn.'.      Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  56,  pi.  27,  f.  1-5. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Both  antiquus  and  despectus  have  been  credited  to  northern  Japan. 
We  have  not  seen  Japanese  specimens. 

Chrysodomus  plicatus  A.  Ad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  14,  pi.  3,  f.  1,  2;  Kob.,  Conch.  Cab., 
pi.  12,  f.  4,  5. 

Aniwa  Bay  (Ad.). 
Chrysodomus  (1)  manchuricus   E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  422. 

Lat.  42°  58'  N.,  long.  145°  24'  E.,  48  fath.,  sand  and  mud  (St. 
John). 

Chrysodomus  pericochlion  Schrenck.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  131,  pi.  43,  f.  4,  5. 

Hakodate  (Albrecht). 
Siphonalia  signum  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  Ill,  f.  6;  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  15,  pi.  3,  f.  9,  10. 

South  Japan  (Rein)  ;  Ooshima,  Hakodate  (A.  Ad.). 

Siphonalia  hinnulus  Ad.  &  Rve.    A.  A  R.,  Zool.  Samarang,  p.  32,  pi.  7,  f.  10;  Dkr., 
Index,  p.  16. 

Tsu-Saki,  35  fins. ;  Tatiyama  (A.  Ad.). 

Siphonalia  cassidariaeformis  Reeve.      Rve.,  C.  loon.    Buccinum,  f.  11 ;    Lischke. 
J.  M.  C.,  I,  pi.  4,  f.  1,  2,  6-10. 

Enoshima  (Stearns);  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  W.  coast  Japan,  and 
Hakodate  (Stimp.)  ;  O-Shima  and  Simoda  (A.  Ad.) ;  Goto  Is.  (St. 
John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  BUCCINID^E.  29 

Lischke's  figures  represent  the  principal  variations  of  this  species, 
of  which  Mr.  Stearns  procured  a  large  number  of  specimens. 

Siphonalia  cassidariaeformis  var.  ornata  A.  Ad.      Dkr.,  Index,  p.  16 ;  Lischke,  J. 
M.  C.,  I,  pi.  4,  f.  3,  4,  5. 

S.-E.  coast  Kii,  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Siphonalia  cassidariaeformis  var.  concinna  A.  Ad.    Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (3),  XI, 
p.  204,  1863;  Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.     . 

Kuro-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Siphonalia  cassidariseformis  var.  funerea  Pils.    PI.  II,  f.  7,  8. 

Satsuma  (Stearns). 

Shell  like  the  type  except  that  the  nodules  are  reduced  to  short 
oblique  waves  somewhat  as  in  Buccinum  undatum,  and  the  color 
outside  is  uniform  chocolate-brown.  Interior  strongly  lirate,  dark 
brown  with  a  pearly  lustre. 

This  seems  distinct  from  any  of  A.  Adams'  species. 

Siphonalia  fusoides  Reeve.      Conch.  Icon.,  Buccinum,  pi.  2,  f.  9 ;  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p. 
88,  pi.  23,  f.  6-7. 

Tokyo  Bay  (Lischke)  ;  Satanomosaki  and  Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.); 
S.-E.  coast  Kii  (Stearns). 

A  species  resembling  S.  cassidariatformis  but  slenderer,  with  less 
prominent  nodules. 

Siphonalia  spadicea  Reeve.     Buccinum  fusoides  Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  pi.  9,  f.  64,  not  pi.  2, 
f.  9  j  B.  spadicea  Rve.,  errata  j  Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  205,  pi.  20,  f.  38. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.)  ;  Port  Hamilton,  10  fms. ;  S.  of  Nip- 
pon, 34°  12'  N.  lat.,  136°  28'  E.  long. ;  S.  of  Corea,  34°  19'  N.  lat, 
124°  57'  E.  long.,  12  fms.  (Smith). 

Siphonalia  fusoolineata  Pease.      P.  Z.  S.,  1860,  p.  189,  pi.  51,  f.  3;  Pilsbry,  Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  1891,  p.  473,  pi.  19,  f.  4. 

Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.) ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

The  specimens  vary  much  in  color,  some  being  decorated  with 
brown  spiral  lines,  others  streaked  and  maculated  with  chestnut.  It 
is  allied  to  S.  fusoides  Rv.,  but  the  spire  is  much  longer.  The 
canal  is  more  recurved  than  in  S.  spadicea  Rve.,  which  is  otherwise 
quite  similar. 

Siphonalia  aestuosa  Gould.    Gld.,  Otia,  p.  123  (Neptunea). 

Kagoshima  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 
Siphonalia  Stearnsii  Pilsbry.    PI.  II,  f.  1,  2. 

Shell  fusiform,  solid,  brownish  ;  spire  conical,  shorter  than  the 
aperture,  consisting  of  8  convex  whorls,  which  are  finely  spirally 


30  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  BUCCINID^E. 

lirate,  and  closely  and  strongly  plicate ;  plicae  becoming  partly  or 
wholly  obsolete  on  the  body-whorl,  which  is  very  indistinctly  or  not 
at  all  shouldered,  and  runs  upward  somewhat  toward  the  aperture, 
causing  a  narrow,  small  posterior  channel.  Aperture  shaped  as  in 
S.  fuscolineata  Pse.  but  wider,  the  inner  lip  smooth,  its  edge  raised 
and  free ;  outer  lip  with  a  wide  yellow  internal  border,  inside  of 
which  it  is  thick,  lirate  and  white.  Anterior  canal  strongly  re- 
curved, short.  Alt.  46,  diam.  25  mm.  Oblique  alt.  of  aperture 
29  mm. 

Allied  to  S.  longirostris  Dkr.,  but  less  elongated,  with  more 
strongly  plicate  spire  and  different  aperture.  I  cannot  see  that  any 
of  A.  Adams'  un figured  species  agree  with  the  specimens  before  me. 
The  spire  is  longer  and  more  plicated  than  in  S.  fusoides  Reeve,  and 
the  canal  more  recurved. 
Siphonalia  longirostris  Dkr.  Index,  p.  16,  pi.  1,  f.  13,  14. 

Sea  of  Japan  (Dkr.). 
Siphonalia  troohulus  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  (Buccinum),  f.  7. 

O-Shima  (Ad.). 
Siphonalia  modiflcata  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  67. 

Kuru-Shima,  56  fms. ;  Fatsijeu,  29  fms.  (Ad). 
Siphonalia  commoda  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (3),  xi,  1863,  p.  203. 

Tsaulian  (Ad.). 

Siphonalia  corrugata  A.  Ad.     /-  <-.,  p.  204.     Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 
Siphonalia  oonspersa  A.  Ad.    1.  o..  p.  204.    Japan  (Cuming  coll.). 
Siphonalia  filosa  A.  Ad.    1.  c.,  p.  205.    China  Sea  (Ad.). 
Siphonalia  ligata  A.  Ad.    1.  c.,  p.  205.    Japan  (Cuming  coll.). 
Siphonalia  grisea  A.  Ad.    Simidzu  (Ad. ;  1.  c.,  p.  205). 
Siphonalia  colas  A.  Ad.    Mino-Shima,  63  fathoms  (Adams,  1.  c.,  p.  205). 
Siphonalia  aouminata  A.  Ad.    Goto,  4-8  fathoms,  (Adams,  1.  c.,  p.  206). 
Siphonalia  pyramis  A.  Ad.    Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms  (Adams,  1.  c.,  p.  206). 
Siphonalia  muoida  A.  Ad.     Kuro-Shima,  35  fathoms  (Adams,  1.  c.,  p.  206). 
Siphonalia  nodulosa  A.  Ad.     Mino-Shima,  63  fathoms  (Adams,  I.  c.,  p.  206). 
Siphonalia  (Kellettia)  kelleti  Forbes.    Lischke,  J.  M.-C.  pi.  3,  f.  3,  4. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  South-east  coast  Ise.  (Stearns). 
Siphonalia  hyperodon  n.  sp.     PI.  II,  f.  6. 

General  contour  of  the  shell  as  usual,  the  spire  elongated,  base  much 
contracted,  canal  strongly  recurved.     Color  dirty  buff,  with  some 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  BUCCINID7E.  31 

scattered  maculae  of  brown,  especially  below  sutures,  and  sometimes 
ill-defined  girdles.  Whorls  9,  the  earlier  two  smooth,  glossy,  con- 
vex ;  the  following  five  very  convex,  separated  by  deep  sutures, 
sculptured  with  strong  rounded  longitudinal  folds  as  wide  as  their 
intervals,  about  11  to  a  whorl,  these  crossed  by  strong  spiral  cords 
separated  by  flat  interspaces,  about  6  on  each  whorl,  becoming  lower 
and  more  numerous  below,  wholly  obsolete  or  nearly  so  on  the  latter 
two  whorls  of  the  ehell.  The  lower  3  whorls  are  strongly  angular  at 
the  shoulder,  and  on  the  last  whorl  the  longitudinal  folds  are  repre- 
sented by  strong,  pointed  tubercles  on  the  angle,  which  number  10- 
12  on  last  whorl,  the  latter  fifth  of  which  is  free  from  them.  Aper- 
ture nearly  half  the  length  of  shell,  livid  within,  the  upper  angle 
narrowly  sinused  as  in  Cantharus,  basal  canal  strongly  recurved. 
Outer  lip  thickened  outside  by  a  low,  wide  varix,  submargined  by 
short,  close  plicse  within ;  inner  lip  moderately  calloused,  bearing 
near  its  posterior  termination  a  very  strong,  rounded  nodule.  Um- 
bilicus open;  siphonal  fasciole  defined  above  by  a  free  laminar 
edge. 

Alt.  51,  diam.  26  mm. 

Alt.  43,  diam.  21  mm. 

Japan  (Stearns,  3  specimens). 

Distinguished  from  other  species  by  the  strong  nodule  on  the 
inner  lip  near  the  posterior  angle  of  aperture,  defining  a  channel 
there.  Although  I  have  an  impression  that  somewhere  I  have  seen 
a  specimen  or  figure  of  this  species,  I  cannot  now  find  that  anything 
much  like  it  has  been  described.  A  quite  young  specimen  would 
probably  resemble  somewhat  Euthria  fuscolabiata  E.  A.  Smith. 
Buccinum  lischkeanum  Loebbecke.  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  35,  pi.  80,  f.  5,  6. 

North  Japan. 

Buooinum  schantaricum  Midd.    Sib.  Reise,  p.  233,  pi.  10,  f.  4-6. 
Buccinum  middendorffi  Verkruzen.     Kob.,  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  76,  pi.  89,  f.  2. 
Sachalin  Is. 

Buccinum  simplex  Midd.     Kob.,  C.  Cab.,  p.  77,  pi.  89,  f,  4,  5. 
Buccinum  verkruzeni  Kobelt.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  80,  pi.  90,  f.  1,  2. 

Sachalin  Is. 
Buccinum  schrenkii  Verkruzen.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  81,  pi.  90,  f.  3. 

Sachalin  ;  N.  of  Gulf  of  Geduld. 
Buccinum  mirandum  Smith.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p,  92,  pi.  92,  f.  4. 

E.  ofYedo,  11  fathoms. 


32  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  BUCCINIDJE. 

Buccinum  japonicum  A.  Adams.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  91,  pi.  92,  f.  2. 

Japan  ;  Okosiri  (Adams). 
Buccinum  jeflfreysii  Smith.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  91,  pi.  92,  f.  10. 

Japan,  lat.  42°  58'  N.,  long.  145°  24'  E.,  48  fath.,  sand  and  stone. 

Buccinum  leucostoma  Lischke.     Liichke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  38,  pi.  1,  f.  7,  8. 

Yokohama  (Stearns)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Buccinum  morohianum  Fischer.    ( Volutharpa)  Kob.,  C.  Cab.,  p.  90,  pi.  92,  f.  8,  9. 

Northern  Japan. 

Volutharpa  perryi  Jay.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  95,  pi.  93,  f.  5,  6;  pi.  92,  f.  5.     (  Volu- 
tharpa paulucciana  Tap.-Can,    Journ.  de  Conch.,  1882,  p.  24,  pi.  2,  f.  3,  4). 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Perry,  Stearns). 

Volutharpa  ampullacea  Midd.      Midd.,  Reise,  Oat.  Siber.,  II,  p.  237,  pi.  8,  f.  3,  4 ; 
pi.  17,  f.  1-3. 

Bays  of  Aniwa  and  Hakodate,  and  northward  (Midd.,  Ad.,  Al- 
brecht,  et  al.) ;  Lat.  41°  12'  N.,  Long.  140°  45' E.,  43  fath.,  sand 
and  mud  (St.  John). 
Volutharpa  fisoheriana  A.  Adams.    Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1870,  V,  p.  442. 

Strait  of  Corea  (Ad.), 
Volutharpa  limneeana  A.  Ad.    Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1860,  VI,  p.  109. 

Japan. 
Volutharpa  salmiana  Rolle.    Nachrbl.,  1892,  p.  52. 

Japan. 
Cominella  fucata  A.  Ad.  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  Ill,  1862.  p.  107. 

Japan  (Cuming  Coll.). 

Cominella  lineolata  Dkr.  (=dunktri  Kiister).      Conchyl.  Cab.,  2d  edit.,  p.  86,  pi. 
15,  f.  9-11. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck,  Dkr.).     Described  from  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  but  Dunker  believes  the  Japanese  shells  to  be  the  same. 
Cyllene  pulchella  Ads.  A  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang.  pi.  10,  f.  11. 

Satanomosaki  (Ad.). 
Cyllene  orientalis  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1850,  p.  205. 

Goto  Is.  (Ad.). 

Cyllene  glabrata  A.  Ad.    Satano-Mosaki  (Ad.,  I.  C.,  p.  206). 
Cyllene  fuscata  A.  Ad.     Kuro-Shima  (A.  Ad.,  I  c-,  p.  205;  Thes.,  f.  16-18). 
Cyllene  gibba  A.  Ad.     Oki-no-Shima  (A.  Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1870,  p.  427). 
Tritonidea  undosa  Linne.    Yokohama  (Stearns). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  BUCCINID^.  33 

Tritonidea  undulata  Schepman.     Notes  Leyd.  Mus.,  XIII,  p.  155,  pi.  9,  f.  1. 

Japan  (Siebold)  ;  N.  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines)  ;  Konimah,  Boshiu 
(Stearns). 

Some  clear  yellow  specimens  without  brown  lines  were  collected 
by  Stearns. 
Tritonidea  protea  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  Bucdnum,  f.  51. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Tritonidea  lignea  Rve.    C.  Icon.,  Buccinum,  f.  57. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Seto-uchi  (A.  Ad.). 
Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  cumingiana  Dkr.     Index,  p.  18  (Syn. :  Bucdnum  lig~ 

neum  Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  f.  57). 

Seto-uchi  (Ad.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  balteatus  Reeve.  (C.  Icon.,  Bucc.,  f.  59), 
is  a  variety  of  this  according  to  Dunker.  Tryon  makes  both 
synomyms  of  Cantharus  ceeillei  Phil.  Tateyama  (Ad.). 

Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  contracta  Reeve.      C.  Icon.,  f.  53 ;  Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II, 
p.  50. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  menkeana  Dkr.    Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  7,  pi.  1,  f.  7. 
Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  subruhiginosa  E.  A.  Smith.   Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  206, 
pi.  20,  f.  40. 

Ukushima,  Goto  Is.,  among  rocks  at  low  water  (St.  John). 

Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  marmorata  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  Ill,  Bucdnum,  f.  95  ;  Schr., 
Amurl.  Moll.,  p.  427. 

Hakodate  (Lindholm). 
Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  erythrostoma  Reeve.    Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  f.  14. 

Ooshima  (Ad.). 

Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  oapensis  Dkr.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Pisania  cingulata  Reeve.    Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  Bucdnum,  f.  75. 

Luchu  Is. 
Pisania  mollis  Gould.    Gld.,  Otia,  p.  124. 

Simoda  (Stimpson). 

Euthria  ferrea  Reeve,    (viridula  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  19,  pi.  3,  f.  5-8 ;  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p. 

39,  pi.  5,  f.  5,  6.) 

Japan,  Lat.  41°  12'  N.,  Long.  140°  45'  E.,  43  fms. ;  Satsuma  Bay. 
S.  Kiu-Shiu  and  Goto  Is  .(St.  John)  ;  many  specimens  collected  by 
Stearns,  at  Enoshima ;  Tsu-Shima,  OShima  and  Nagasaki  (Ad.), 
3 


34  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  NASSID^E. 

Euthria  fuscolabiata  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  422. 

Off  Cape  Blunt,  Lat.  41°  41'  N.,  Long.  141°  E.,  35  fins.,  (St. 
John). 

Euthria  lirata  A.  Adams.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  233. 

Tsusaki  (Adams). 
Euthria  badia  A.  Adams.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  233. 

Tsu-Shima  (Adams). 
Phos  senticosus  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Phos  varicosus  Old.     Expl.  Exped.,  f.  360. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Phos  angulatus  Sowb.  Thes.,  iii,  p.  89,  pi.  221,  f.  7;  Challenger  Gastrop.,  XV,  p. 
222. 

Japan  (Siebold). 

Nassaria  (  Hindsia)  magnifica  Lisohke.  Jap.  Meerea-Conchyl.,  II,  p.  38,  pi.  4,  f. 
11,  12  ;  III,  pi.  1,  f.  5,  6.  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  38. 

Sagama  (Stearns)  ;  Kiusiu  (Lischke). 

Eburna  japonioa  Sowb.  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lisohke) ;  Sado,  Tokyo  Har- 
bor, Kamakura  (Stearns) ;  Tsu-Saki,  Tatiyana,  Simoda  (Ad.) ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

Eburna  formosae  Sowb.    Thes.,  Ill,  pi.  291,  f.  17,  18. 

Formosa. 

NASSIDJE. 

Nassa  balteata  Lischke.  X.  balteata  Lischke  not  Pse.,  see  J.  M.  C..  II,  p.  51 ; 
N.  japonica  Lischke  not  A.  Ad.,  Jap.  M.  C.,  1,  p.  61,  pi.  5,  f.  10,  11 ;  (N.  muta- 
Ulis  A.  Ad.  ?  Ann.  Mag.,  1870,  p.  425). 

Yokohama  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Nassa  sufflata  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  127. 

Kagoshima  (Stimpson). 
Nassa  ooronata  Lam.    C.  Icon.,  f.  20. 

Japan  (Stearns). 
Nassa  (Aleotrion)  glans  Linn6.    C.  Icon.,  f .  5 ;  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  210. 

W.  of  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Nassa  (Aleotrion)  suturalis  Lam.    Yokohama  (Stearns,  purchased). 
Nassa  (Aleotrion)  papillosa  L.     Yokohoma  (Stearns,  purchased). 
Nassa  (Aroularia)  thersites  Brug.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Nassa  (Aroularia)  gracilis  Pease.  Am.  Journ.  Conch..  Ill,  p.  273,  pi.  23,  f.  4. 
Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  52,  pi.  4,  f.  4-6. 

Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Birileff ). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  NAS8ID^.  35 


Nassa  (Arcularia)  leptospira  A.  Ad. 

Nassa  (Niotha)  gemmulata  Lam.    C.  Icon.,  f.  29  ;  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  422. 

Kii  Coast  (Stearns)  ;  Goza  Harb.,  6  fath.  (St.  John)  ;  Bay  of 
Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Kagoshima  (Stimp.). 

Specimens  of  extraordinary  size  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns. 

Nassa  (Niotha)  gemmulifera  A.  Ad.      Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1870,  p.  425  j  C.  Icon.,  f. 
132. 

Seto-Uchi  ;  Akasi  ;  Kino-Oshima  (Ad.).     Near  N.  albescem  Dkr. 

Nassa  (Niotha)  stigmaria  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  423,  C.  Icon.  f.  42  j  Syn. 
N.  densigranata  Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  f.  181. 

Ooshima  Harbor,  8,  fins.  ;  E.  of  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 
Nassa  (Niotha)  cumingii  A.  Ad.    C.  Icon.,  f.  30. 

Takano-Shima,  Tatiyama  (Ad.). 
Nassa  (Niotha)  marginulata  Laink.      Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  422,  C.  Icon.,  f.  43. 

Ooshima  Harb.,  8  fath.,  and  a  variety  from  Yamada  Harb.  (St. 
John)  ;  Satanomosaki  (Ad.). 
Nassa  (Niotha)  caelata  A.  Ad»    C.  Icon.,  sp.  133. 

Moso-Seki  ;  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 
Nassa  (Niotha)  livesoens  Phil.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  52,  pi.  4,  f.  1-3. 

Tokyo  Harbor  ;    Kiushiu   (Stearns)  ;    Nagasaki   and  Deshima 
(Lischke). 

Is  not  the  N.  keineri  Dh.  (Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  IV,  p.  53)  syno- 
nymous with  this?    The  large  number  of  specimens  obtained  by 
Mr.  Stearns  fully  connect  the  forms. 
Nassa  (Niotha)  albescens  Dkr.    Phil.,  Abbild.,  p.  68,  pi.  2,  f.  15  (Buccinum). 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 
Nassa  (Hehra)  muricata  Q.  &  G.    Astrol.,  pi.  32,  f.  32,  33. 

Okino-Shima,  Tsaulian  (Ad.)  ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

Nassa  (Hima)  festiva  Powis.    Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  1,  f.  22,  N.    hrata,    vidt 
Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II.  p.  53. 

Kiushiu,  Inland  Sea  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki'and  Deshima  (Lischke)  ; 
Hakodate  (Ad.)  ;  Ukushima,  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 
Nassa  (Hima)  dealbata  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1851,  p.  112  ;  C.  Icon.,  f.  105. 

Japan  (Stearns).     Probably  a  form  of  N.  festiva. 

Nassa  fuscolineata  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  423. 

Cape  Shima,  18  fath.,  sand  and  broken  shell  (St.  John)  ;  Tokyo 
Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  N.  shore  of  Prov.  Tango  (Gaines). 


36  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  NASSID^. 

Nassa  (Hima)  japonioa  (A.  Ad.)  Lischke.      P.  Z.  S.,  1851,  p.  110;  Lischke,  J.  M. 

C.,  Ill,  p.  37,  pi.  2,  f.  20-23.   N.  tennis  Smith,  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  423;  P.  Z.  8. 

1879,  p.  211. 

Cape  Shima,  18  f ins. ;  Goza  and  Ooshima  Harbors;  between 
Nippon  and  Shikoku  (St.  John);  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke);  Seto-Uchi, 
Uraga,  Kino-o-Shima,  Sado  (A.  Ad.). 

Nassa  (Hima)  dominula  Tap.-Can.      Viag.  Magenta,  p.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  17.  (Syn. :  N~ 
aaUidenlata  Smith,  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  212,  pi.  20,  f.  46). 
Yokohama  (Magenta) ;  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Nassa  (Hima)  luteola  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  212,  pi.  20,  f.  47. 

Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Nassa  (Hima)  fraterculus  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  17,  pi.  1,  f.  15.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  pi.  iv, 
f.  7,  8. 

Isi,  Kamakura,  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns) ;  Goto  Is.  (St.  John) ; 
Tatiyama,  Hakodadi,  Simoda,  Nagasaki  (Ad.) ;  Deshima  (Nuhn). 
Nassa  (Hima)  plebeoula  Gld.  Otia  Couch.,  p.  128. 

Ooshima  (Stimpsom);  considered  by  Lischke  a  synonym  of  N- 
fraterculus.. 

Nassa  mustelina  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  127. 

Ooshima  Coast,  2  fathoms ;  (Stimp.). 
Nassa  spurca  Gould.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  423  ;  Otia,  p.  129. 

Ooshima  and  Yamada  Harb.,  7-8  fath.,  (St.  John). 
Is  the  Japanese  shell  really  Gould's  species  ? 
Nassa  dermestina  Gld.     Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  vii,  p.  331  ;  Otia,  p.  128. 

Hakodate  (Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  1,  p.  60)  ;  Kikaia  (Stimp.). 

Nassa  (Zeuxis)  siquijorensii  A.  Adams.    C.  Icon.,  f.  53 ;  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  210,  j.I. 
20,  f.  45,  45a. 

Off  Kobe*,  8  to  14  fath.,  mud  (Chall.)  ;  Seto-Uchi,  Tsaulian,  Toma 
(Ad.)  ;  E.  of  Kii  (St.  John). 

Nassa   (Zeuxis)  crenulata  Brugilre.    Challenger  Gastrop,    1873-6.  XV,  p.  183; 
Reeve.  Conch.  Icon.,  VIII,  pi.  1,  f.  2. 

Off  Kobe,  8  fms.  (Challenger). 
Nassa  (Zeuxis)  varicifera  A.  Ad.    C.  Icon.,  f.  118. 

Isi,  Karaakura  (Stearns) ;  Tsaulian  (Ad.) ;  South  of  Corea  (St. 
John). 

Stearns'  shells  are  a  small  form  which  may  be  called  var.  /rater- 
minor,  characterized  by  the  shell  having  only  one  varix  which  is 
near  the  end  of  the  penultimate  whorl,  and  otherwise  resembling  N. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  NASSID^.  37 

Jraterculus.  They  may  indeed  have  no  especial  relationship  to 
varicifera,  as  I  have  not  been  able  to  compare  typical  specimens  of 
that  species. 

Nassa  (Zeuxis)  succincta  A.  Ad.    C.  Icon.,  f.  80. 
Seto-Uchi,  Mososeki  (Ad.). 

Nassa  (Zeuxis)  mioans  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1851,  p,  106  ;  0.  Icon.,  f.  140  ;  Ann.  Mag., 
1870,  V,  p.  426. 

Uraga  (A.  Ad.). 

Nassa  (Zeuxis)  clandestina  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (4),  V,  p.  426. 

Seto-Uchi,  Idzuma-Nada,  Yobuko  (A.  Ad.). 

Nassa  luctuosa  A.  Ad.    C.  Icon.,  f.  109. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Nassa  hypolia  Pilsbry.     PI.  II,  figs.  13,  14. 

Shell  elongated,  solid  and  thick,  purplish-black  with  a  peripheral 
brown  or  whitish  girdle,  not  glossy  ;  becoming  ashy  on  the  spire  and 
with  age  all  over.  Surface  dull ;  sculptured  with  numerous  rounded 
longitudinal  ribs,  slightly  curved,  a  trifle  more  prominent  at  the 
shoulder  and  not  extending  below  the  periphery,  sometimes  subob- 
solete  on  the  body-whorl.  No  spiral  sculpture,  or  a  few  faint  cords 
at  the  base.  Aperture  less  than  half  the  shell's  length.  Outer  lip 
with  a  low  varix,  thick,  with  five  teeth  within ;  throat  purple- 
black,  showing  the  narrow  light  band,  which  on  the  lip  spreads  up- 
ward ;  below  it  another  light  blotch  on  the  lip.  Columella  with  a 
•white  or  yellow  callus  below,  roughened  by  a  few  weak  folds,  and 
with  the  usual  posterior  fold.  Alt.  12'5,  diam.  7  mm.  Operculum 
oval  with  entire  edge. 

Yesso  (Stearns). 

The  folds  are  coarser  and  extend  further  down  than  in  luctuosa 
and  succincta ;  semiplicata  is  more  strongly  varixed  with  different 
denticulation  of  the  aperture ;  teretiuscula  differs  in  texture  and 
color.  This  species  would  have  been  included  by  Tryon  in  N. 
gaudiosa  jud gin g  from  what  he  has  considered  synonyms  of  that  spe- 
cies ;  but  I  am  by  no  means  prepared  to  endorse  such  wholesale 
lumping  of  species  as  that  in  his  monograph  of  Nassa. 

Nassa  (Demoulia)  binominata  Pilsbry  (n.  n.). 

D esmo idea  jap onica  A.  Ad.  (not  Nassa  japonica  A.  Ad.).  Reeve, 
•Conch.  Icon.,  Nassa,  fig.  192. 

Japan  (A.  Ad.). 


33  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  COLUMBELLID.E. 

On  the  subgenus  Demoulia  see  E.  A.  Smith,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (6)^ 
VIII,  p.  320.     No  other  species  is  known  from  Japan. 

COLUMBELLIDJE. 

Columbella  haemastoma  Sowb.     Thes.,  I,  p.  Ill,  pi.  36,  f.  5. 

Gulf  of  Tartary  (Schrenck). 

Columbella  fuscata  Sowb.    Ibid,  p.  114,  pi.  36,  f.  21,  25. 

Same  locality.     These  are  doubtful  members  of  the  Japan  fauna. 
Columbella  Bolidula  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  149.    Same  locality. 

Columbella  soripta  Lam.  (versioolor  Sowb.).      Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  51 ;  The*.,  f. 
41-46. 

Oshima  (Challenger)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  Deshima,  Naga- 
saki (Dkr.)  ;  Ukushima,  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 

Columbella  pardalina  Lam.  var.  lagena  Reeve.    Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  26,  f.  162; 
Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  pi.  2,  f.  5-7. 

N.  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns)  ;  Ukushima, 
Goto  Is.,  E.  coast  Kii  (St.  John)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Tryon  considers   Col.  japonica  Rve.  (C.  Icon.,  f.  45)  a  form  of 
pardalina. 
Columbella  araneosa  Old.     Otia  Conch.,  p.  132. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimpsou). 
Columbella  tenuil  Gaskoin.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  422. 

Endermo  Harbor,  4-7  fath.,  sandy  mud  (St.  John). 
Columbella  misera  Sowb.     J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  59  ;  II,  p.  48 ;  III,  p.  45,  pi.  2,  f.  10,  11. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Goto  Is.  (Si.  John) ;  Kamakura,  Isi  and 
Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  N.  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines). 

Columbella  pumila  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  1,  f.  4. 

Tokyo   Harbor  and    Kamakura   (Stearns) ;   Deshima   (Dkr.) ; 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Columbella  martens!  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  pi.  v,  f.  1-9. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Columbella  compta  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  35,  pi.  2,  f.  8,  9. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  and  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Columbella  (Atilia)  niveomarginata  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  208,  pi.  20,  f.  42. 

Ukushima,  Goto  Is.  (St.  John). 
Columbella  (Atilia)  lisohkei  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  207,  pi.  20,  f.  41. 

North  of  Kiushiu,  30  fms.  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  COLUMBELLID^.  39 

Columbella  (Atilia  1)  pleurotomoides  n.  sp.    PI.  I,  f.  6. 

Shell  fusiform,  slender,  smooth  except  for  slight  growth-lines,  and 
on  base  and  anterior  canal  numerous  spiral  line.  Spire  straight- 
sided,  the  sutures  linear  ;  whorls  9,  flat,  the  body  whorl  swollen  in 
the  middle,  rapidly  contracted  below  into  a  short  anterior  canal. 
Surface  not  shining ;  light  clear  buff,  showing  under  a  lens  close, 
faint,  darker  longitudinal  lines,  becoming  flesh-colored  on  spire,  the 
earliest  whorls  crimson ;  body  whorl  encircled  by  two  girdles  of 
small,  close,  lunate  or  squarish  brown  spots,  one  on  base,  the  other 
above  the  periphery  and  ascending  the  spire  about  midway  between 
sutures.  Aperture,  small,  narrow,  contained  nearly  2£  times  in 
length  of  shell,  smooth  and  showing  the  dot-series  within ;  outer  lip 
thin,  sharp  and  simple,  distinctly  retracted  above  and  arched  for- 
ward in  the  middle.  Columella  sinuous,  being  prominent  in  the 
middle,  concave  above  and  below,  without  folds  or  teeth.  Alt.  11, 
diam.  3£  mm. 

Banda,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

The  generic  reference  of  this  beautiful  species  is  by  no  means  cer- 
tain, as  the  outer  lip  lacks  the  teeth  within  characteristic  of  Atilia, 
and  is  distinctly  retracted  above.  Numerous  specimens  were  col- 
lected. 

Columbella  (Anachis)  californica  Reeve.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  59,  pi.  8,  f.  3,  4. 

Japan  (Dr.  Guttsche). 
Columbella  (Zafra)  zonata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  130. 

Kagoshima  (Stimpson). 
Columbella  (Anaohis)  minuscula  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  131. 

Ooshima  (Stimpson)  2  vars. 
Columbella  impolita  Sowb.    Thes.  Conch.,  p.  132,  f.  127. 

Suruga,  Kii  coast  (Stearns). 
Columbella  (Zafra)  subvitrea  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  209,  pi.  20,  f.  43. 

South  of  Nippon  (St.  John). 
Columbella  (Zafra)  mitriformis  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VI,  1860,  p.  332. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Columbella  discors  Gmel.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  18,  pi.  2,  figs.  17-18. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Columbella  (Conidea)  flava  Brug.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  pi.  2,  f.  1-4. 

Kii,  Kamakura  (Stearns)  ;  Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Goto  Is.  (St.  John)  . 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 


40  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS, 

Mr.  Stearns'  shells  are  the  form  figured  by  Lischke,  which  he 
finally  referred  to  C.  undata  Duclos  as  a  variety.  Beach-worn  spec- 
imens are  fleshy-pink,  with  a  row  of  narrow  brown  spots  below  the 
suture. 

Amycla  varians  Dkr.      Mai.  Bl.  VI,  p.  231 ;  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  6,  pi.  1,  f.  17 ;  P.  Z.  8., 

1879,  p.  210,  pi.  20,  f.  44. 

Tokyo   Harbor,    Kamakura,    Yokohama   (Stearns) ;    Nagasaki 
(Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Tatiyama,  Hakodate,  Rifunsiri  (A. 
Ad.)  ;  N.  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines). 
Amyola  burohardi  Dkr.    Index,  p.  55,  pi.  4,  f.  3,  4. 

Amycla  gausapata  Gld.  and  A.  achatina  Sowb.  are  reported  from 
Japan  by  A.  Adams,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1870,  p.  426. 

Engina  aouminata  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  52  (Ricinula). 
Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 

Engina  mendicaria  Linn6.    Japan  (Dkr. :  Stearns). 

Engina  trifasciata  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  41.  Puxiostoma  trifasciatum  Ad. 
Okino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Aesopus  japonicus  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  128. 

Kagoshima  Bay,  5  fathoms,  sand  (Stimpson). 
MURICIDJE. 

Trophon  lamellosum  Gray.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  421. 

Japan,  Lat.  42°  58'  N.,  Long.,  145°  24'  E.,  48  fms.  (St.  John). 

Trophon  incomptum  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  125. 

Hakodate  (Stimpson). 
Trophon  inermis  Sowerby.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  287,  pi.  71,  f.  12. 

Japan  Coast  (Siebold). 
Trophon  candelabrum  Rve.    Conch.  Icon.,  f.  79  (Fusus). 

Tsusaki,  55  fathoms  (Adams). 
Trophon  concinnum  A.  Adams.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  375. 

Rifunsiri  (Adams). 

Trophon  tantillum  A.  Adams.     Ibid.     Satanomosaki  (Adams). 

Trophon  clathratus   Linne.    Sachalin   Island   (Schrenck) ;  E.  coast  of  Prov.  Kii 
(Stearns). 

Trophon  luculentus  Rve.      C.  Icon.,  (Miirex),  sp.  127;  Index,  p.  9,  pi.  1,  f.  3,  4. 
(T.fimbriatw  Hinds,  voy.  Sulphur,  pi.  1,  f.  18,  19). 

Trophon  pachyraphe  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  205,  pi.  20,  f.  37,  37a.     (Fusus). 
Ukushima,  Goto  Is.,  and  N.  of  Kiushiu  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  MURICID^.  41 

Trophon  crassum  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1851,  p.  269.     (Murex). 
Hakodate. 

Trophon  crispum  Gld.    U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.,  p.  229,  f.  279.     (Fusus). 
Trophon  orpheum  Gld.    Ibid,  p.  234,  f.  285.     (Fusus). 
Okosiri  (Ad.). 

'Typhis  arcuatus  Hinds  (T.  japonious  A.  Ad.).     Zool.  Sulphur,  p.  10,  pi.  3,  f.  1,  2 ; 
Conch.  Icon.,  XIX,  pi.  3,  f.  10,  a,  b,  c. 

Japan  (Adams). 

Typhis  montforti  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  iii.  f.  15. 

Okino-Shima  (Adams). 

Murex  tenuispina  L.     Kii  Coast  (Stearns) ;  Oshima,  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Murex  trihulus  Linne.     Simidzu  (Ad.). 
Murex  aduncospinosus  (Beck)  Reeve.     Yokohama  (Dkr.). 
Murex  martinianus  Rve.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Murex  troschelii  Lischke.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  pi.  1. 

Kii  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

The  primary  spines  are  mostly  longer  than  shown  in  Lischke's 
figures. 

Murex  sohrinus  A.  Adams.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  199,  pi.  20,  f.  30. 

Satanomosaki,   55  fms. ;   Goto,  48   fms. ;  Kuru-Shima,  29  fms. 
(Ad.)  ;  W.  of  Goto  Is.  and  S.  of  Corea(St.  John,  51-54  fms.). 

Murex  plioiferus  Sowb.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  4,  pi.  4,  f.  1,  2. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Murex  haustellum  Linn.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Murex  (Chicoreus)  sinensis  Rve.     Tokyo,  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Tatiyama, 
Mososeki  (A.  Ad.). 

Murex  (Chicoreus)  penchinati  Crosse.    J.  de  C.,  IX,  p.  351,  pi.  16,  f.  6. 
Nagasaki. 

Murex  ramosus  Linn.     Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Murex  (Chicoreus)  adustus  Lamk.     Ann.,  Mag.,  1875,  p.  419. 
Ooshima ;  Tatiyama ;  Tsu-shima  (Ad.). 

Murex  (Homalocantha)  rota  Sowb.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  5,  pi.  2,  f.  3. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Murex  (Phyllonotus  1)  acanthophorus  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  420. 

Hakodate,  5  fath.  (St.  John)  ;  Tsu-Saki  (Ad.). 


42  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  MURICIDJE. 

Murex  (Phyllonotus)  ooronatug  A.  Ad.    Thee.  Conch.,  IV,  pi.  400,  f.  199. 

Cape  St.  John,  Tsu-Saki  (Ad.). 
Murex  (Phyllonotus)  unifasciatus  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  372  j  Index,  p.  7. 

Uraga  (Ad.). 

Murex  (Pteronotus)  pinnatus  Wood.    Japan  (Dkr.);  China. 
Murex  (Pteronotus)  brachypteron  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  371. 

Uraga  (Ad.). 
Murex  (Pteronotus)  gouldii  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  371. 

Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Murex  (Pteronotus)  stimpsoni  A.  Ad.    Thes.,  Vol.  4,  pi.  400,  f.  196. 

Uraga  (Ad.). 

Murex  (Murioidea)  oirrosa  Hinds.     Voy.  Sulphur,  p.  9,  pi.  3,  f.  17,  18;  C.  Icon., 
f.  138 ;  P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  200. 

E.  of  Goto  Is.,  58  fms.  (St-  John). 

Murex  (Muricidea)  diadema  A.  Adams.    Satanomosaki  (Ad.). 

Murex  (Murioidea)  puteolus  A.  Adams.    Tsnsaki  (Ad.). 

Murex  (Phyllonotus)  ouspidatus  Sby.    The*.,  IV,  pi.  400,  f.  203. 

Japan  (Sowb.). 
Murex  (Pteronotus)  speciosus  A.  Ad.    Then.,  Vol.  4,  pi.  392,  f.  125. 

Yokohama  (Sowb.). 
Ooinebra  inermis  Sby.    Thes.,  Vol.  4,  pi.  402,  f.  235.    Japan. 

Ooinebra  contracta  Reeve.     C.  Icon.,  f.  53  (Buccinum) -\-B.funiculatum  Rve., 
I  C.,  f.  61. 

Japan  (Stearns).  Are  0.  calcarea  and  innotabilis  really  distinct 
from  the  half  grown  of  this  species?  When  adult  it  resembles  0. 
poulsoni  somewhat. 

Ocinebra  calcarea  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  1,  f.  2.     (Syn.  Urosalpinx  innotabilis  Smith, 
P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  201,  pi.  20,  f.  32). 

N.  of  Kiushiu,  30  fms.  (St.  John). 

Ooinebra  fimbriatula  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  201,  pi.  20,  f.  31-     ( TropJum  fim- 
briatulum  Ad.). 

E.  of  Goto  Is.,  40  fms.  (St.  John). 

Ocinebra  japonica  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  4,  pi.  1,  f.  14 ;  Index,  p.  8.     (Syn. :  M. 
talienwhanensis  Crosse,  J.  de  C.,  X,  p.  56,  pi.  1,  f.  9). 

Deshiraa  (Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Ocinebra  falcata  Sby.    Thes.,  Vol.  4,  pi.  394,  f.  149. 

Off  Goto  Is.  (St.  John)  ;  Kiushiu  (Lischke). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  MURICID^S.  43 

Ocinebra  falcata  var.  adunca  Sowb.     Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  61a. 

East  coast,  between  Tokyo  and  Ooshima  (Stearns). 

Some  specimens  are  cream  white  with  a  subperipheral  purple- 
brown  zone ;  some   are   uniform  dark  purple-brown.     The  largest 
measures  66  mm.  alt.      Operculum  purpuroid,  the  apex  somewhat 
below  the  middle  of  the  outer  margin. 
Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  eurypteron  Reeve.    Voy.  Samarang,  pi.  8,  f.  1. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  emarginata  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  Ill,  f.  1. 

Off  Goto  Is.  (St.  John)  ;  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  foliata  Martyn.      Univ.  Conch.,  pi.  66.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  7, 
pi.  4,  f.  10,  11. 

Northern  Japan  (Dkr.). 
Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  plorator  Adams  &  Reeve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  38,  pi.  8,  f.  3. 

East  coast,  between  Tokyo  and  Ooshima  {Stearns). 

A  single  specimen  larger  than  the  type,  but  apparently  this  spe- 
cies. 

Operculum  similar  to  that  of  Ocinebra  adunca. 

Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  roriflua  Adams  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  38,  pi.  8,  f.  2 ;  P. 
Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  200.     (Syn. :  Murex  monachus  Crosse,  J.  de  C.,  1862,  p.  55,  pi.  1,  f. 

8). 

Tsaulian  (A.  Ad.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Goto  Is,  (St.  John). 

Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  fournieri  Crosse.    J.  de  Conch.,  IX,  p.  352,  pi.  16,  f.  7. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  burnettii  Ad.  et  Rve.    Ann.  Mag.  1875,  p.  420  ;  Voy.  Sam- 
arang. p.  38,  pi.  VIII,  f.  4,  a,  b. 

Endermo  Harb.,  4-7  fath.,  sandy  mud. 

Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  endermonis  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  420,  Thes., 
IV,  pi.  401,  f.  213. 

Endermo  Harb.,  47  fath.,  sandy  mud  (St.  John). 

Ocinebra  (Cerostoma)  burnetti  Ad.  &  Rve.    Thes.,  IV,  pi.  392,  f.  128. 

Japan. 
TTrosalpinx  (?)  birileffi  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  32. 

Island  of  Oki,  Boshiu  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Bapana  bezoar  Linne.     Kiener,  Coq.  Viv.,  f.  42.  (Purpura). 

Yokohama   Bay,   Tokyo    Harbor    (Stearns)  ;    Yedo,   Nagasaki 
(Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Hakodate,  Simoda  (A.  Ad.). 


44  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  MURICIDJE. 

Bapana  bezoar  var.  thomasiana  Crosse.      Crosse,  Journ.  de  Conchyl.,  1861,  p.  268, 
pi.  9,  10.     (R.  thomasiana). 

Markets  of  Yokohama  and  Tokyo,  a  food  mollusk  (Stearns). 

Rapana  bulbosa  Solander.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  II,  p.  203,  p].  Ixiii,  f.  336. 

Japan  (Dkr.)  ;  Yokohama  Bay  (Stearns). 
Rapana  (Latiaxig)  mawae  Gray.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Rapana  (Latiazis)  deburghiae  Reeve.     Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  1,  f.  5-7. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Eapana  (Latiaxis)  lischkeana  Dkr.    Index,  p.  43,  pi.  1,  f.  1,  2;  pi.  13,  f.  26,  27. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Rapana  (Latiaxis)  japonica  Dkr.     Index,  p.  43,  pi.  13,  f.  24,  25. 

Inland  Sea  of  Japan  (Dkr.). 
Eapana  (Latiaxis)  sallei  Jouss.     Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  France.  1883,  p.  187,  pi.  10,  f.  3. 

Japan  Coast. 

Purpura  rudolphi  Cbemn.     C.  Icon.,  f.  10. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Purpura  persioa  Linn.    Japan  (Stearns). 

Purpura  luteostoma  (Chemn.)  Dillw.      Chemn.,  Conchyl.  Cab.,  XI,  p.  83,  pi.  187,  f. 
1800,  1801  (Good). 

Seta  coast  and  Saruga  coast  (Stearns);  Hakodate,  Yedo  (Lischke); 
Deshima  (Dkr.). 

Purpura  bronni  Dkr.  (Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  1,  f.  23)  is  a  rather  short 
specimen,  not  completely  mature.  See  also  Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  pi. 
5,  f.  17,  and  II,  pi.  4,  f.  20.  (Nagasaki,  Tatiyama,  Deshima). 

Purpura  echinata  Blainv.     C.  Icon.,  sp.  33. 

Deshima  (Nuhn) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Purpura  heyseana  Dkr.    Index,  p.  40,  pi.  13,  f.  10,  11. 
Sea  of  Japan  (Dkr.). 

Purpura  alveolata  Reeve.     (+P.  davigera  Kiist.,  tumulosa  Lischke).    Lischke, 
J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  54,  pi.  5,  f.  12-16 ;  Vol.  II,  p.  39. 

Kamakura,  I.  of  Oki,  Boshiu,  Seta  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Ooshima 
(Challenger ;  St.  John) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Dkr.). 

Another  synonym  is  P.  problematica  Baker  (Proc.  Rochester 
Acad.  Sciences  I,  1891,  p.  135,  pi.  11,  f.  2,  3).  So  involved  and  dif- 
ficult is  the  literature  of  this  group  of  Purpura  that  we  do  not  ven- 
ture to  say  what  the  ultimate  specific  designation  of  the  Japanese 
forms  will  be.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  all  of  Lischke's  figures 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CORALLIOPHILID^E.  45 

cited  above  belong  to  one  species.  The  numerous  specimens  col- 
lected by  Mr.  Stearns  show  both  of  Lischkes'  forms  and  many  inter- 
mediate between  them,  as  well  as  other  mutations.  When  com- 
pletely adult  there  are  a  few  widely  spaced  denticles  within  the  lip, 
as  in  P.  luteostoma,  from  which  this  form  differs  mainly  in  the  black- 
ish substance  of  the  shell,  which  is  conspicuously  shown  upon  the 
eroded  tubercles  and  within  the  aperture.  Connecting  specimens 
between  this  form  and  luteostoma  probably  occur. 
Purpura  lapillus  Lin.  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  424. 

Hakodate  (Stearns). 

Jopas  sertum  Brug.     Japan  (Dkr. ;  Stearns). 

Eioinula  ricinus  Linne.      Hachijoshima  (Dkr.) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Bicinula  moms  Lam.    Japan  (Stearns). 

Sistrum  undatum  Chemn.     (R.fiscellum  Reeve).    Nagasaki  (Lischke);   Deshima 
(Nuhn). 

Sistrum  tuberculatum  Blainv.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  424. 

Shores  of  Toba  and  Oshima  (St.  John). 

Sistrum  musiva  Kiener.     Icon.  Coq.  Viv.  Purpura,  pi.  9,  f.  22. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Sistrum  asperum  Lam.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  13  (Ricinula). 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Sistrum  sidereum  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  14  (Ricinula). 
Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 

COBALLIOPHILID.E. 

Coralliophila  monodonta  Q.  &  G.    Astrol.,  pi.  37,  f.  9-11. 

Hakodate  Bay  (Schrenck). 
Coralliophila  costularis  Blainv.    C.  Icon.,  f.  63  (Purpura). 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Coralliophila  Jeffreys!  Smith.     P.  Z.  S.,  1879,  p.  213,  pi.  20,  f.  48. 

Inland  Sea,  between  Shikoku  and  Nippon,  22  fms.  (St.  John). 
Coralliophila  stearnsii  n.  sp.    PI.  II,  fig.  12. 

Shell  pure  white,  resembling  in  form  C.  inflata  Dkr.  Whorls  6, 
convex,  sculptured  with  longitudinal  folds,  11  on  penult,  whorl,  and 
strong  spiral  cords  passing  over  but  lower  on  the  folds,  alternating 
in  size,  densely  scaly,  deeply  separated,  7  or  8  on  penult,  whorl. 


46  JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  TRITONID^E. 

Aperture  ovate,  smooth  within ;  umbilicus  small.      Alt.  18,  diam. 
12  mm. 
Japan  (Stearns). 

Leptoconchus  peronii  Lam.     (Striatus  Riipp.).    Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 
Leptoconchus  schrenckii  Lischke.    J.  M.  < '..  II,  p.  45,  pi.  4,  f.  9,  10. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Leptoconchus  rostratus  A.  Ad.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  45,  pi.  6,  f.  20,  21. 

Kino-o-Shima,  on  Madrepores  (Ad.)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Bulbus  rapa  Linn6.     (Rapa  papyracea  Lam.,  of  authors).    Japan  (Dkr.). 

(  Tcenioglosaa). 
TRITONID2E. 

Tritonium  tritonis  L.    Ohosaka  (Lischke). 
Tritonium  nodiferum  Lamarck. 

See  next  species,  with  which  this  is  united  by  Tryon,  Dunker  and 
others. 
Tritonium  sauliae  Reeve.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  45 ;  II,  p.  33,  pi.  1,  2. 

Inland  Sea,  Sagami  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Tati- 
yama,  Tsu-Saki,  Takano-Shima,  Bay  of  Yedo  (A.  Ad.). 

Tritonium  (Simpulum)  costatus  (Born).  Challenger  Oastrop,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  390 
(Sidney).  Syn.  T.  (Simpulum)  olearium  Auct.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  11,  pi. 
Ill,  f.  19. 

Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Tatiyama  (A.  Ad.)  ;  all  along  the 
coast  from  Tokyo  to  Ojima  (Stearns). 
Tritonium  pileare  L.    C.  Icon.,  f.  23. 

Japan  (Stearns;  Dkr.). 
Tritonium  aquatile  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  24. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Tritonium  clandestinum  (Cheinn.)  Lam.    C.  Icon.,  f.  13. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Tritonium  labiosum  Wood.    C.  Icon.,  f.  52. 

Uraga  (A.  Ad.). 

Tritonium  dorsuosum  A.  Adams.    Ibid,  420. 

Tatiyama  (Adams). 
Tritonium  lotorium  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Tritonium  dunkeri  Lischke.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  49,  pi.  3,  f.  1,  2. 

Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TRITONID^E.  47 

Tritonium  moritinctum  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  49. 
Tatiyama  (A.  Ad.). 

Tritonium  vespaceus  Lam.    Japan  (Stearns). 

Tritonium  tenuiliratum  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  30,  pi.  2,  f.  18,  19. 

South  coast  of  Japan  (Lischke). 
Tritonium  excavatum  Reeve.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  pi.  2,  f.  15-17. 

Japan,  Tokyo  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo  and  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Tritonium  lobbeckei  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  36,  pi.  4,  f.  13,  14. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Tritonium  reticosum  A.  Adams.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1870,  p.  420. 

Japan  (Cuming;  Adams). 
Tritonium  lirostoma  A.  Adams.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (4),  v,  p.  419. 

Simidzu  (Adams). 
Tritonium  papillosum  A.  Adams.    Ibid,  p.  419. 

Takano-Shima  (Adams). 
Tritonium  nodiliratum  A.  Adams.    Ibid,  p.  419. 

Japan  (Cuming  coll.). 
Tritonium  tringa  A.  Adams.     Ibid,  p.  420. 

Uraga  (Adams). 
Distortrix  retioulata  Link.    C.  Icon.,  f.  41,  45,  46,  102. 

Japan  (Dkr.,  as  Tritonium  dedpiens  Rve.  and  retieulare  Linn.). 

Priene  oregonensis  Redfield.     Ann.  Lye.  N.  H.,  New  York,  1846,  IV,  p.  165,  pi. 
VI,  f.  2. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Hakodate  (Stimp.)  ;  Okosiriand  Aniwa 
Bay  (A.  Ad.). 

Gyrineum  rana  (Linne).     (R.  albivaricosa  Kve.).     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  Ill,  p.  38, 
pi.  18,  f.  5,  6. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Kii  coast  (Stearns). 
Gyrineum  subgranosum  Beck.    Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 
Gyrineum  bufo  Chemn.     Ind.  Moll.  Mor.  Jap.,  p.  31,  pi,  5,  f.  3,  4  (var.). 

Kiusiu  (Dkr.). 
Gyrineum  lampas  Linne.    C.  Icon.,  II,  pi.  10,  f.  30b. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Kii  coast  (Stearns). 
Gyrineum  graniferum  Lam.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Gyrineum  affine  Brod.    Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  Ranella,  f.  19. 

Japan  (Stearns). 


48  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  CA88IDID.K. 

Gyrineum  cruentatum  Sowb.    Japan  (Stearns). 
Gyrineum  ranelloides  Rve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  10. 

Kiusiu  (Lischke).     Tryon  considers  this  a  synonym  of  cruentata. 

Gyrineum  tuberculatum  Brod.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Gyrineum  lamellosum  Dkr.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Gyrineum  (Biplex)  perca  Perry  (pulchra  Gray). 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns ;  33  specimens)  ;  Kiusiu  (Lischke). 

CASSIDIDJE. 

Cassis  oornuta  Linne".    Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Cassis  rufa  Linne".    C.  Icon.,  pi.  8,  f.  20a. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Cassis  pila  Reeve.     Rv.,  Conch.  Icon.,  V,  f.  21. 

Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Cassis  japonica  Reeve.    Rr.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  23  a,  b. 

Japan  (Stearns) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Tatiyama,  Tsusaki  (A. 
Ad.). 

This  form  differs  from  C.  pila  in  having  the  upper  surface  and 
spire  densely  granulated.  It  is  typically  without  varices.  Some 
specimens  lack  the  rows  of  brown  blotches. 

Cassis  coronulata  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  f.  31. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Ooshima,  Kii  (Stearns). 

Cassis  strigata  Gmel.     Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  V,  f.  26. 

Sagami  Coast  (Stearns,  25  specimens)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ; 
Mososeki,  Seto-Uchi  (A.  Ad.). 

The  specimens  agree  exactly  with  Keeves'  beautiful  figure,  except 
that  the  inner  lip  exhibits  some  short  callous  wrinkles  above. 

Cassis  strigata  Gmel.  var.  Japan  (Stearns). 

Several  shells  before  me  differ  from  the  type  in  being  smaller,  and 
having  spiral  grooves  over  the  entire  body-whorl.  One  of  them 
lacks  varices ;  two  others  have  each  a  single  varix  near  the  begin- 
ning of  the  body-whorl. 

Cassis  vibex  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.) ;  east  coast  (Stearns). 
Cassis  pirum  Lam.    C.  Icon.,  f.  29  (zeylanica  Lam.). 
Japan  (Dkr.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  DOLIIDJE.  49 

Cassis  achatina  var.  inornata  Pile.     PI.  II,  fig.  17. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Shell  oblong  with  conical  spire,  the  body-whorl  smooth,  shouldered 
above,  the  shoulder  weakly  nodulous;  suture  broadly  margined. 
Whorls  of  spire  angulated  and  nodulous,  spirally  striated  above  the 
angle,  the  upper  ones  decussated  by  fine  radial  folds.  Nucleus 
nacoid,  consisting  of  3?  smooth,  white,  rounded  whorls.  Outer  lip 
reflexed  and  spotted,  having  obscure  traces  of  teeth  below ;  colum- 
ella  smooth  ;  base  of  body-whorl  smooth.  Alt.  65,  diam.  40  mm. ; 
alt.  of  aperture  46  mm. 

Oniscia  macandrewi  G.  B.  Sowerby,  Jr.     PI.  II,  fig.  3. 
P.  Z.  S.,  1888,  p.  567,  pi.  28,  f.  1,  2. 

Japan  (Hungerford,  Stearns). 

Shell  similar  to  0.  cancellata,  but  broader  above,  ponderous,  the 
spiral  cords  not  in  the  least  prickly  where  they  cross  the  longitudi- 
nal ribs  ;  the  latter  being  stout  and  rounded,  nearly  as  wide  as  the 
interspaces.  Buff-white,  maculated  and  obscurely  two-banded  with 
brown,  speckled  with  the  same,  especially  on  the  ribs  and  lip-varix. 
Aperture  and  columella  as  in  cancellata,  but  sometimes  lacking; 
rugosities  between  the  lip-teeth. 

Alt.  45,  diam.  29  mm. ;  alt.  of  aperture  36  mm. 

Alt.  36,  diam.  24  mm. ;  alt.  of  aperture  30  mm. 

DOLIIDJE. 

Dolium  fasciatum  Martini.     C.  Icon.,  sp.  11. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Dolium  zonatum  Green.     Tr.  Alb.  Inst.,  I,  p.  131  (D.  crenulatum  Phil.)- 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  S.  of  Tokyo  Bay  (Stearns). 

Dolium  lischkeanum  Kttster.    C.  Cab.  p.  71,  pi.  62,  f.  1. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Dolium  tessellatum  Lam.     Japan  Sea  (Dkr.,  Index,  p.  57.) 
Dolium  chinense  Dillw.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Dolium  luteostoma  Kiist.  Dkr.,  Nov.  Conch.,  p.  104,  pi.  35, 36  ( "  D.  japonicum  "  )~ 
Index,  p.  58. 

East  coast  south  of  Tokyo  (Stearns,  young  shells  only)  ;  Yedo,, 
Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 
Dolium  perdix  Linn.     Japan  (Stearns). 
Dolium  pomum  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pyrula  reticulata  Lam.  Tokyo  (Dkr.)  j  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Kuro-Shima  (A.  Ad.) ;: 
Matsu-yeno-hama  Coast  (Stearns). 


50  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS, 

CYPRJEIDJE. 

The  claims  of  some  of  the  following  species  to  a  place  in  the 
Japanese  fauna  are  of  doubtful  validity. 
Cypraea  gourra  Linn.     Roberts,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  pi.  2,  f.  19-21. 

Japan  (Stearns,  No.  1087). 

Cypraea  testudinaria  Linn6.    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  pi.  1,  f.  9,  10. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Cypraea  Isabella  Linne\     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  165,  pi.  1,  f.  6,  7. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke,  Stearns). 
Cypraea  oarneola  Linn6.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cypraea  fimbriata  Ginelin.     Man.  Conch.  VII,  p.  166,  pi.  5,  f.  76-78. 

Japan  (Reeve)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.)  ;  Naga- 
saki (Lischke). 
Cypraea  macula  Ad.     Roberta  in  Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  169,  pi.  4,  f.  71,  72. 

Japan  (A.  Ad. ;  Stearns)  ;  N.  coast  of  Tango  (Gaines,  in  Stearns 
coll.). 

Cypraea  felina  Gmelin.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  169,  pi.  4,  f.  52-55,  59,  60. 

Nagasaki ;  Kino-o-Shima  (Lischke). 
Cypraea  neglecta  Sowerby.    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  170,  pi.  4,  f.  61,  62,  63. 

Japan  (Sowerby). 
Cypraea  cylindrica  Born.    Conch.  Cab.  p.  12,  32,  pi.  III.  f.  6,  7 ;  pi.  IX,  f.  5-7. 

Japan  (Weinkauff). 
Cypraea  hungerfordi  Sowerby.    P.  Z.  S.,  1888,  p.  208,  pi.  11,  f.  1-3. 

Japan  ?  (Sowb.). 

Cypraea  caurica  Linn6.     Man.  Conch.,  Ill,  p.  171,  pi.  5,  f.  88-90. 

Japan  (Lischke)  ;  Satanomosaki  (Ad.). 

Cypraea  mauritiana  Linn.    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  173,  pi.  7,  f.  8-11. 
Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke,  Stearns)  ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

Cypraea  caputserpentis  Linn6.    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  173,  pi.  6,  f.  98-100. 

Japan  (McAndrew  ;  Stearns,  "  very  rare  ")  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke); 
Tanabe,  Kino-o-Shima,  Tago  and  Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Cypraea  arabica  Linn£.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  174,  pi.  8,  f.  18,  19. 
Yedo  (Lischke,  Stearns)  ;  Tago  (Ad.). 

Cypraea  reticulata  Martyn.    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  174,  pi.  8,  f.  21.  22. 
Japan  (Lischke,  Stearns)  ;  Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CYPILEIDvE.  51 

Cypraea  moneta  L.     Roberts  in  Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  pi.  23,  f.  60,  61. 

Japan,  not  common  (Stearns). 

Part  of  the  specimens  are  white  beneath,  part  yellow. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  Tatiyama    and  Tanabe  (Ad.)  ;    Hakodate 
(Schrenck). 
Cypraea  annulus  L.     Roberts,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  178,  pi.  11,  f.  57-61. 

Nagasaki,  Japan  (Lischke,  Stearns). 
Cypraea  tigris  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  180,  pi.  11,  f.  49. 

Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Satsuma  (Stearns),  rare. 

Cypraea  vitellus  Linne.  Japan  (Bunker,  Lischke,  Stearns) ;  Kino-o-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Cypraea  onyx  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  183,  pi.  13,  f.  77-81. 

Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Tsu-Saki,  Tatiyama,  Tanabe  (A.  Ad.)  ;  Naga- 
saki (Lischke). 
Cypraea  lynx  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  183,  pi.  14,  f.  86,  87. 

Japan,  quite  rare  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Cypraea  errones  Linne.     Roberts,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  183,  pi.  14,  f.  88,  89. 

Southern  Japan  (Lischke). 
Cypraea  pallida  Gray.     Conchy].  Cab.,  p.  60,  pi.  18,  f.  5,  8,  11. 

Japan  (Lischke,  Stearns). 
Cypraea  asellus  Linn.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  187,  pi.  16,  f.  34,. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Cypraea  clandestina  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  187,  pi.  16,  f.  37,  38. 

Tsu-Sima;  Tatiyama;  Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 
Cypraea  oribraria  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cypraea  punctata  Linne.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  98,  pi.  30,  f.  6,  9. 

Japan  (Lischke). 
Cypraea  lamarcki  Gray.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  192,  pi.  18,  f.  96,  97. 

Japan  (Sowerby). 

Cypraea  miliaris  Gmelin.     Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Cypraea  erosa  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  192,  pi.  18,  f.  90,  100,  1. 

Yokohama  (Stearns)  ;  Tanabe  and  Takano-Shima  (A.  Ad.) 

Cypraea  poraria  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  193,  pi.  18,  f.  2,  3. 
Japan  (Stearns). 

Cypraea  helvola  Linne.    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  194,  pi.  19,  f.  8,  9. 
Japan  (Lischke,  Stearns). 


52  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  OVULID^E. 

Cyprtea  (Pustularia)  staphylaea  Linne".    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  196,  pi.  20,  f.  39-41. 
Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Satanomosaki,  Tatiyama,  Takano-Shima  (A. 
Ad.). 
Cyprsea  (Pustularia)  nucleus  Linn.    Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  197,  pi.  20,  f.  48,  49. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Cypraea  (Epona)  globulus  Linn.     Yokohama  (Stearns) ;  Satanomosaki  (Ad.) :  Dun- 
ker  reports  C.  cicercula,  also. 

Trivia  oryza  Lamarck.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  200,  pi.  21,  f.  82,  83. 

Japan  (Lischke). 
Trivia  grando  Gaskoin.    Roberts,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  200,  pi.  21,  f.  86,  87. 

Goto ;  Siraoda  (A.  Ad.). 

Erato  callosa  Adams  &  Reeve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  25,  pi.  10,  f.  32. 

Tokyo  Bay,  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn). 
Erato  lachryma  Gray.    Thes.,  Ill,  p.  82,  pi.  219,  f.  4-6. 

Kamakura,  Tokyo  Harbor,  etc.  (Stearns). 

OVULIDJE. 
Ovula  ovum  Linn6.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  246,  pi.  1,  f.  11,  12. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Ovula  rhodia  Ad.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  180,  pi.  46,  f.  14,  15. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns)  ;  Tokyo  Bay  (Lischke). 

Ovula  tritioea  Lain.    Thes.  Conch.,  II,  p.  474,  pi.  101,  f.  99,  100. 

Japan  (Dkr.).     A  doubtful  species. 
Ovula  laotea  Lamarck.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  247,  pi.  2,  f.  23-25. 

Kino-o-Shitna  (Adams). 

Ovula  pyriformis  Sowerby.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  247,  pi.  2,  f.  43-45. 
Satanomosaki  (A.  Adams). 

Ovula  bulla  Ad.  A  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  21,  pi.  6,  f.  5. 
Satanomosaki,  55  fms.  (A.  Adams). 
Tryoii  unites  this  and  the  next  to  0.  margarita  Sowb. 

Ovula  umhilioata  Sowerby.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  178,  pi.  46;  f.  9-12. 

Goto  Is.,  71  fms.  (Adams). 

Ovula  oonoinna  Adams  <fc  Reeve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  22,  pi.  6,  f.  8. 

Mino-Shima  (Adams). 
Ovula  punctata  Duclos.    Conchyl.  Cab.  p.  182,  pi.  47,  f.  6,  7. 

Goto  Is.,  48  fms.  (Adams). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  OVULID^E.  53 

'Ovula  bullata  Ad.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  23,  pi.  6,  f.  12. 

Japan,  Goto  Is.  (Adams). 
Ovula  scitula  A.  Adams.     Conchy  1.  Cab.,  p.  185,  pi.  47,  f.  14,  15. 

Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.).     Tryon  unites  this  to  0.  bullata. 
Ovula  striatula  Sowerby.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  186,  pi.  48,  f.  2,  3. 

Tsu-Saki,  55  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Ovula  dentata  Ad.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  21,  pi.  6,  f.  4, 

Goto  Is.,  4  fms.  (Adams). 
Ovula  dorsuosa  Hinds.     Conch.  Cab.,  p.  187,  pi.  48,  f.  6,  7. 

Goto  Is.,  48  fms.  (Adams). 

Ovula  obtusa  Sowerby.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  251,  pi.  3,  f.  87,  88. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms. ;  Kuro-Shima,  39  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Ovula  formosa  Ad.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  6,  f.  6  a,  b. 

Kino-o-Shima  (A.  Adams). 
Cyphoma  elongata  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  VII,  p.  96. 

Goto,  48  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Volvula  volva  Linn.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  252,  pi.  4,  f.  94,  95. 

Ojima  (Stearns)  ;  Kiusiu  (Lischke)  ;  Satanomosaki,  55  fms.  (Ad.). 
Volvula  recurva  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  21,  pi.  6,  f.  3. 

Satanomosaki,  55  fms.  (Ad.). 
Volvula  philippinarum  Sowerby.    Thes.  Conch.,  II,  p.  481,  pi.  100,  f.  57,  58. 

Japan  (Dkr.).  Tryon  makes  subreflexa  Sowb.,  reported  by  Adams 
from  Tsu-Shima,  a  synonym,  and  also  earpenteri  Dkr. 
Volvula  carpenter!  Bunker.     Index,  p.  102,  pi.  13,  f.  1,  2. 
Volvula  adamsii  Bunker.     Index,  p.  102,  pi.  13,  f.  3,  4. 
Volvula  birostris  Lamarck.     Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  253,  pi.  4,  f.  10,  11. 

Japan  (Sowerby). 
Volvula  (Neosimnia)  aouminata  Ads.  &  Rve.    Zool.  Samarang,  p.  21,  pi.  6,  f.  1. 

Kuro-Shima,  35  fms.  (Ad.). 

STBOMBIDJE. 

Strombus  latissimus  Linne.     Ohosaka  (Lischke). 
Strombus  lentiginosus  Linn.     Japan  (Stearns). 
Strombus  aurisdianae  var.  laevis  Perry. 

8.  aurisdiance  (part)  Linne,  Dillwyn  and  of  Sowerby,  Thes.,  I. 

8.  laevi*  Perry,  Conchology,  pi.  13,  f.  4  (1811). 


54  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  STROMBID^. 

S.  "  guttatus  Martini,"  of  authors  (=Pugil  flavescens,  albo,  gut- 
tatus,  l(Kvis  Martini,  Conch.  Cab.,  II,  p.  87,  f.  840). 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

As  Linnaeus  included  both  the  rough  and  smooth  forms  in  his 
citations  and  cabinet  under  the  name  auris-dianae,  it  is  evident  that 
the  present  form  must  bear  the  name  given  by  Perry,  who  first  of 
binomial  authors  distinguished  it.  The  well-known  rough  form 
with  smooth  mouth  retaining  Linnaeus'  term,  of  which  S.  striatogran- 
osus  Morch  is  a  synonym.  If  the  striation  of  the  posterior  sinus  of 
the  aperture  proves  racially  constant,  this  form  (C.  Icon.,  f.  86  b  ; 
Thes.,  f.  98,  99)  may  be  called  var.  lamarckii  Gray.  The  other 
variety,  melanostomus  Swains.,  is  generally  recognized  (C.  Icon.,  f. 
37).  ' 

Strombni  aratrum  Martyn. 

Alata  aratrum  Martyn,  Univ.  Conch.,  pi.  1  (1789). 

Strombus  auris  Dianae  Zelandiae  Novae,  etc.,  Chemn.,  C.  Cab.,  X,. 
p.  210,  pi,  150,  f.  1485,1486. 

S.  auris  dianae  var.  Gmel.,  Dillw. 

S.  chemnitzii  Pfr.  Krit.  Reg.  zu  Mart.  u.  Chera.,  pp.  viii,  96  (1840). 

Strombus  acutus  Perry,  Conchol.,  pi.  12,  f.  2  (1811). 

Strombus  pacificus  Swains,  Exot.  Conch.,  pi.  17. 

Strombus  "  novcezelandice  Chemn.,"  Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  f.  35. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

The  above  names  are  absolute  synonyms  of  S.  aratrum.  S.  aus- 
tralis  has  been  considered  a  variety  of  the  above  species  by  Tryon, 
but  in  the  absence  of  intermediate  forms  may  well  be  retained  dis- 
tinct, being  distinguished  by  the  characters  recited  below.  It  ha& 
not  been  reported  from  Japan. 

S.  australis  Sowb.,  Thes.,  I,  p.  36,  pi.  9,  f.  96,  97  (1847). 

Coronal  tubercles  on  body-whorl  small  and  numerous,  several 
strong  median  cords  on  body-whorl,  and  spiral  sculpture  much 
stronger  throughout ;  columellar  callus  more  colored ;  basal  and 
upper  wing  processes  black-tipped,  and  lip  black-edged  when  fully 
adult;  posterior  sinus  of  aperture  with  two  stronger  cords. 

Strombus  suocinctus  L.  var.  robustus  Sowb.      Sowb.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1874,  p.  599.  pi.  72, 
f.  5,  5a. 

Hong-Kong  (Cuthill ;  Sowb.) ;  Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Tatiyama,  Oki- 
no  Shima  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CERITHIID^E.  55 

Strombus  japonicus  Reeve.     Rr.,  Conch.,    con.,  f.  42;  Lischke,  J,  M.  C.,  I,  pi.  5,  f. 

7. 

Kishiu  (Stearns,  70  specimens)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Deslrima 
(Nuhn)  ;  Takano-Shima  and  Tomo  (A.  Ad.). 

The  specimens  are  larger  and  darker  colored  than  Reeve's  figure, 
but  agree  well  with  Lischke's. 

Strombus  urceus   Linne"   (floridus  Lam. ;  mutabilis  Swains).    Japan  (Dkr.,  as 
flosculosus  Martini ;  Stearns);  Kiusiu  (Lischke). 

Strombus  ustulatus   Schum.   (urceus  Auct.  not  Linn.)     Japan  (Dkr. ;  Stearns) ; 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Strombus  dentatus  L.  var.  corrugatus  Ads.  &  Rve.  A.  &.  R.,  Voy.  Samarang,  Moll, 
pi.  10,  f.  19. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Strombus  gibberulus  Linn.    Japan  (Stearns). 
Strombus  samar  (Chemn.).  Dillw.    Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  121,  pi.  8,  f.  88. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Strombus  luhuanus  Linne.     Tokyo  (Dkr.) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Takano-Shima 
and  Tago  (A.  Ad.). 

Strombus  Isabella  Lam.     Southern  Japan  (Lischke). 

Pterocera  chiragra  Linne".     Man.  Conch.  VII,  p.  126.  Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pterocera  millepeda  Linne\    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pterocera  lambis  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pterocera  bryonia  Gmel.     Nagasaki  (Lischke);  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

Rostellaria  powisii  Petit.     Man.  Conch.  VII,  p.  128.     Japan  (Dkr.). 

Seraphs  terebellum  Linne.  (Terebellum  punctatum  and  subulatum  of  authors). 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Nagasaki  and  Yobuko  (A.  Ad.). 

CERITHIIDJE. 

Cerithium  echinatum  Lam.      Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  IX,  pi.  20,  f.  25  ;  Dkr.,  Index, 

p.  106. 

Japan  (Stearns ;  Dkr.). 
Cerithium  guinaicum  Phil.    Abbild.  Ill,  pi.  1,  f.  13. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cerithium  columna  Sowb.    Thes.,  pi.  178,  f.  55-58. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cerithium  dialeucum  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  pi.  1,  f.  5. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 


56  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  CERITHIID.E. 

Cerithium  kobelti  Dunker.     Index,  p.  106,  pi.  4,  f.  8,  9. 
Japan  (Dunker)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Cerithium  humile  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  9,  pi.  2,  f.  17;  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  50,  pi.  3,  f. 
18,  19,  20. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn). 
Cerithium  granosum  Kiener.     Coq.  Viv.,  pi.  4,  f.  3. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
<Cerithium  oarbonarium  Philippi.   Challenger  Gastrop,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  531 ;  (Syn.: 

C,  bornii  Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  XV,  pi.  V,  f.  26). 

Ooshima  (Challenger). 
Cerithium  rugosum  Wood  var.     E.  A.  Smith,  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  106. 

Ooshima  (St.  John). 
Cerithium  (Colina)  maorostoma  Hinds.    Hds.,  Voy.  Sulphur,  pi.  16,  f.  12. 

Banda,  Boshiu  (Stearns)  ;  Sts.  of  Macassar  (Hds.)  ;  Dumaguete 
,and  other  Philippine  localities  (Cuming,  et  a/.). 

A  peculiar  little  species,  showing  great  variation  in  the  hundred 
*or  more  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns.  The  extensive  synonymy 
.is  given  I  believe  correctly  by  Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  IX,  p.  142. 

Clava  sinensis  Gmel.  (obeliscus  Brug.)      Japan   (Dkr.,  as    Vertagus  chinenris 
Chemn.). 

Clava  aluoo  Linn6.     Man.  Conch.  IX,  p.  145.  pi.  27,  f.  38.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Clava  fasciata  Brug.    Sowb.,  Thea.,  II,  pi.  176,  f.  6. 

Japan  (Stearns  ;  53  collected). 

*  Clava  attenuata  Phil.     Abbild.,  I,  pi.  1,  f.  2 ;  Man.  Conch.  IX,  p.  148. 

Corea  Straits  (Ad.). 

vClava  koohi  Philippi.      Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  105 ;  Abbild.,  Ill,  pi.  1,  f. 
2>. 

Handa,  Boshiu  (Stearns) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Tango  Coast 
(Gaines)  ;  Matoza  Harb.,  6  fath.  (St.  John). 

Clava  turrita  Sby.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  106  ;  Man.  Conch.  IX,  p.  147. 

Ooshima,  8  fath.  (St.  John). 
Clava  pfefferi  Dunker.     Index,  p.  108,  pi.  4,  f.  12-14. 

Japan  (Dkr.).     Tryon  considers  this  a  synonym  of  C.  turritwn. 
Clava  asper  Linn.    Japan  (Stearns). 
Clava  vertagus  Linn.     Japan  (Stearns). 
Bittium  pusillum  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  11,  pi.  2,  f.  6. 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CERITHIOPSID^E.  57 

Bittium  scalatum  Dkr.     Index,  p.  108. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Bittium  oosimense  Watson.     Challenger  Gastrop.  XV,  p.  548,  pi.  XXXIX,  f.  1. 

Ooshima  (Chall.).     Must  be  somewhat  like  the  preceding. 

Potamides  (Telescopium)  telesoopium  Linne.    Japan  (Stearns,  one  poor  specimen). 
Potamides   (Tympanotonos)    fluviatilis   P.  &  M.     Nagasaki   (Lischke)  ;     Japan 
(Stearns). 

Potamides  (Batillaria)  zonalis  Brug.    Lischke.,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  pi.  6,  f.  15, 16. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns);  Ooshima  (St.  John);  Nagasaki  (Lischke); 
Tokohama  (Martens). 

The  following  forms  are  closely  allied. 

Potamides  (Batillaria)  cumingi  Crosse.    Lampania  cumingi  Crosse,  J.  de  C., 
1862,  p.  54,  pi.  1,  f.  10,  11 ;  J.  M.  C.,  I,  pi.  6,  f.  11-14. 

Tokyo  Harbor ;  Banda,  Boshiu  (Stearns)  ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck) 
Potamides  (Batillaria)  multiformis  Lischke.  J.  M.  C.,  I,  pi.  6,  f.  1-10. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

The  specimens  correspond  best  with  Lischke's  figs.  7,  8,  but  are 
white-banded  at  suture. 
Potamides  (Batillaria)  aterrima  Dkr.    Index,  p.  109,  pi.  5,  f.  7,  8. 

Japan  (Dkr.).  Hardly  distinct  from  the  preceding.  In  fact  all 
the  above  forms  of  the  P.  zonalis  group  should  probably  be  consid- 
ered varieties  of  that  species.  Mr.  R.  B.  Newton  has  shown  that 
Batillaria  Bens,  should  replace  Lampania  Gray  as  a  subgeneric 
name  for  these  forms. 

CERITHIOPSIDJE. 

CeritMopsis  subreticulata  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  9,  pi.  2,  f.  10. 
Deshitna  (Dkr.). 

CeritMopsis  rosea  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (3),  VII,  1861,  p.  130. 

Tsu-Shima,  16  fms.  (Ad.). 
CeritMopsis  cerina,  baculum,  clavula  A.  Ad.    Ibid. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Cerithiopsis  paxillus,  pagodula  A.  Ad.     t.  c.,  p.  131. 

Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 
Seila  dextroversa  Ad.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  45,  pi.  11,  f.  31. 

Tsu-Shima,  16  fms.;  Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 
Seila  cingulata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VII,  1861,  p.  131. 

Tsu-Shima,  16  fms.  (Ad.). 


58  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  TRIFORID^E. 

TRIFORIDJE. 

Triforis  fusca  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  2,  f.  22. 

Kamakura,  Tatagama,  Boshiu,  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  Naga- 
saki (Lischke)  ;  Deshiraa  (Nuhn);  N.  coast  of  Tango  (Gaiues). 
Triforis  violacea  Q.  &  G.     Astrol.,  pi.  55,  f.  22,  23  ;  Man.  Conch.  IX,  p.  182. 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 

Triforis  granulata  A.  A  R.     Zool.  Satnarang,  pi.  11,  f.  33a,  b. 
Triforis  exilis  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  10,  pi.  2,  f.  9. 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 
Triforis  conspersus  (A.  Ad.)  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag..  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  108. 

Cape  Shima,  18  fath.,  sand  (St.  John). 
Triforis  purpuratus  n.  ap. 

Shell  purple;  cylindric-fusiform,  the  lower  three  whorls  of  nearly 
equal  diameter,  those  above  tapering  to  form  a  long  cone  somewhat 
over  one-third  the  shell's  length.  Whorls  10,  those  of  the  spire 
bearing  three  equal  spiral  series  of  rounded  beads  and  a  small 
smooth  thread  immediately  above  the  suture;  la^t  whorl  with  four 
bead-series,  the  lower  one  nearly  smooth,  and  on  the  base  two  smooth 
ribs  with  clathrate  intervals.  Aperture  as  in  T.  granulata  A.  &  R.,. 
but  tube  very  short,  not  closed.  Alt.  5'4,  diam.  1*8  mm. 

Kamakura  (F.  Stearns). 

Triforis  (Viriola)  corrugatus  Hinds.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  106. 

Cape  Shima,  18  fathoms,  sand  (St.  John). 

Not  so  stout  a  shell  as  the  next  species,  judging  by  Singapore 
specimens  before  me. 

Triforis  (Viriola)  tricinota  Dkr.  (cingulata  Dkr.  not  Ad.;  dunkeri  Jous«.)    Moll. 
Jap.,  pi.  2,  f.  1. 

Kamakura,  Tatagama,  Boshiu,  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns);  N. 
shore  of  Tango  (Gaines). 

Dunker's  figures  of  a  young  shell  give  but  a  poor  idea  of  the  adult 
of  this  fine  species.  The  three  names  given  above  are  all  founded 
on  the  one  original  description  of  Dunker. 

PLANAXID-E. 
Flanaxis  pyramidalis  Gmel.     Nagasaki  (Lischke,  J.  M.C.,  II,  p.  70). 

Planaxis  suloatus  Born.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  104;   Man.  Conch.  IX,  p. 
276. 

Shore  at  Ooshima  (St.  John). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  VERMETID^E.  59 

Planaxis  cingulatus  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  140. 

Ousima,  under  stones  below  water-mark  (Stirnpson). 

TRICHOTROPIDJE. 

Trichotropis  cedo-nulli  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  7  a,  b. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms. ;  Goto  Is.,  48  fms.  (Adams). 
Trichotropis  bicarinata  Broderip  &  Sby.    Conch.  Icon.,  XIX,  p!.  1.  f.  2. 

Aniwa  Bay,  17  fms.  (Ad.). 
Trichotropis  borealis  Brod.  &  Sowb.     Thes.,  Ill,  p.  321,  pi.  285,  f.  1-3. 

Castle  Point,  Manchuria,  37  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Trichotropis  inermis  Hinds.    Thes.,  Ill,  p.  321,  pi.  285,  f.  14. 

Okosiri  Island,  35  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Trichotropis  insignis  Middendorff.      Mai.  Rossica,  II,  p.  107,  pi.  10,  f.   7-9;  Ann. 
Mag.  N,  H.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  103. 

Akishi,  3  to  4  fath.  (St.  John)  ;  Aniwa  Bay  (Ad.). 
Trichotropsis  unicarinata  Brod.  &  Sowb.    Conch.  Icon..  XIX,  pi.  2,  f.  8. 

Yamada  Harbor,  7  fms.  (St.  John). 
Trichotropis  quadricarinata  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  2,  f.  9  a,  b. 

Mino-Shima  (A.  Adams). 

Separatista  separatista  Dillwyn  (S.  chemnitzii  A.  Ad.).    Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  2,  f.  1, 
2. 

Nemoto,  Bishiu  (Stearns). 

VERMETID.K. 
Thylacodes  imbricatus  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  17,  pi.  2,  f.  18;  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  83. 

Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  :  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Manchurian  and 
and  Japanese  coasts  (A.  Ad.).     Lives  on  stones. 
Thylacodes  nodosorugosus  Lischke.     J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  84,  pi.  5,  f.  1-4. 

Ohosaka,  on  Tridacna  squamosa  (Lischke). 

Thylacodes  medusae  Pilsbry.     Plates  IV,  and  V. 
Proc.  A.  N.  S.,  Phila.,  1891,  p.  471,  pi.  17,  18. 

Saruga  coast,  on  shells  (Stearns). 

A  large  species,  nearly  always  living  in  clusters,  attached  gener- 
ally to  shells.  The  young  form  an  irregular  spiral,  the  whorls  of 
which  rest  prone  upon  the  base  of  attachment.  As  the  tube  increases 
in  diameter  it  becomes  carinated  on  the  lower  outer  portion,  or  the 
part  corresponding  to  the  "  shoulder  "  of  the  whorl  in  a  regularly 
spiral  gasteropod.  At  this  stage  the  whorls  become  more  laxly 
coiled,  and  when  not  too  closely  clustered,  present  the  appearance  of 


60  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  VERMETID^. 

such  planorboid  forms  as  T.  masier  Dh.,  T.  atra  Rouss,  etc.  This 
stage  is  shown  in  the  cluster  pictured  on  pi.  IV.  The  subsequent 
growth  is  erect  and  but  slightly  spiral,  the  tube  generally  contracting 
slightly  in  diameter,  and  cylindrical  in  form.  The  sculpture  consists 
of  narrow  longitudinal  cords  at  rather  wide  intervals,  the  spaces 
being  occupied  by  a  variable  number  of  threads,  (usually  three)  of 
which  the  middle  one  is  larger.  Irregular  growth-lines  crennlate 
the  longitudinals.  This  sculpture  is  normally  develoj>ed  upon  all 
sides  of  the  tube.  Upon  the  latter  part  of  the  free  portion  it  is  often 
subobsolete.  The  aperture  is  circular  in  adult  shells,  at  right  angles 
to  the  tube,  and  white  within.  The  external  surface  is  of  a  pale 
brown  tint.  No  internal  septa  were  found  in  numerous  broken  spec- 
imens; and  although  the  shells  were  apparently  alive  when  collected, 
no  opercula  were  preserved  in  them,  the  absence  of  this  organ  being 
one  of  the  characteristics  of  Thylacodes. 

The  dimensions  may  be  seen  in  the  figures,  which  are  of  natural 
size.  The  diameter  of  the  tubes  at  the  aperture  averages  13  mm. 

The  embryonic  shell,  at  the  time  it  becomes  attached,  isbulimiform, 
glossy  and  smooth ;  lying  upon  its  side.  The  first  whorl  formed 
after  attachment  takes  place  is  perfectly  planorboid,  showing  the 
nuclear  shell  in  the  center. 

This  species  differs  from  Vermetus  imbricate  Dkr.  in  lacking  the 
imbricating  growth-striie  of  that  form.  As  figured  by  Dunker  V. 
imbricatus  is  a  planorboid  form,  like  V.  masier  Dh.,  atra  Rouss,  etc., 
but  it  may  possibly  be  an  immature  shell. 

T.  medusce  is  apparently  allied  to  V.  polyphragmus  Sassi,  F.  denti- 
Jerus  Lam.  and  V.  novce-hollandice  Rouss,  but  it  differs  from  them 
in  having  the  sculpture  developed  over  the  whole  circumference  of 
the  tube,  not  confined  to  its  upper  surface,  or  the  part  corresponding 
to  the  base  of  the  shell  in  ordinary  gasteropods,  as  it  is  in  those  spe- 
cies. 

Spiroglyphus  planorbis  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  18,  pi.  2,  f.  16 

Deshima,  on  T.  imbricatiis.  (Dkr.). 

Siliquaria  (Pyxipoma)  laotea  Linne".    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  191,  pi.  58,  f.  26. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Siliquaria  (Agathirses)  cumingii  Morch.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  190,  pi.  57,  f.  19; 

pi.  58,  f.  21. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns) ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  LITTORINID^.  61 

Siliquaria  (Agathirses)  australis  Quoy.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  189. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns).     Many  small  speci- 
mens. 
Vermetus  tokyoensis  n.  sp.    PI.  I,  figs.  9,  10,  11. 

Shell  small,  solitary,  composed  of  numerous  very  slowly  enlarging 
whorls,  oval  or  round  in  section,  entirely  prone,  forming  an  irregu- 
lar recumbent  spiral,  or  an  amorphous  combination  of  spirals,  all  in 
contact,  or  the  last  free  at  the  aperture  ;  nearly  smooth,  but  showing 
in  some  places  irregular  concentric  costulse  or  wrinkles;  diameter 
of  whorl  at  aperture  1J  mm.  Earlier  whorls  showing  two  strong, 
rather  sharp  parietal  laminae,  and  a  very  slight  colurnellar  cord  ; 
the  section  being  rather  dumb-bell  shaped  (fig.  10). 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

TUBRITELLIDJE. 

Turritella  erosa  Couthouy.     Bost.  Journ.  N.  H.,  II,  1839,  p.  103,  pi.  3,  f.  1. 

Northern  Japan  (Schrenck). 
Turritella  fascialis  Mke.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  107. 

Goza  Harb.,  6  fath.,  sandy  mud  (St.  John). 
Turriteila  gracillima  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  140. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimpson). 

Turritella  bacillum  Kiener.    Japan  (Stearns,  one  dead  shell). 
Turritella  oerea  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  pi.  6,  f.  25. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

LITTORINIDJE. 
Littorina  grandis  Middendorff.     Midd.,  Reise,  p.  198,  pi.  11,  f.  4-10. 

Bay  of  Castries. 
Littorina  brevicula  Philippi.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  100,  pi.  14,  f.  10,  11. 

Nagasaki  and  Hakodate  (Lischke)  ;  Endermo  (St.  John). 

Littorina  mandschurioa  Schrenck.  Reisen  im  Amurl.,  II,  p.  333,  pi.  14-20;  L. 
souverbiana  Crosse,  J.  de  C.,  X,  p.  53,  pi.  1,  f.  6,  7,  and  L.  balteata  Reeve,  Icon., 
X,  f.  71,  a,  b,  are  identical. 

Northern  Japan. 

Littorina  malaccana  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  51,  pi.  6,  f.  17. 
Tokyo  (Dkr.). 

Littorina  exigua  Dunker.  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  13,  pi.  2,  f.  13  ;  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  95,  pL 
13,  f.  13-16. 

Hachijo-Shima  (Satow) ;  Nagasaki  (Rein)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn) ; 
and  Hakodate. 


62  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  LITTORINID^. 

Littorina  sitchana  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  pi.  6,  f.  13, 18. 

Coast  of  Prov.  Kii  (Stearns)  ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 
Littorina  subtenebrosa  Midd.    Reise,  II,  p.  202,  pi.  11,  f.  11,  12. 

Peninsula  Segneka,  Ochotch  Sea.    (Midd.). 
Littorina  sinenais  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  pi.  6,  f.  23. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Littorina  strigata  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  73,  pi.  5,  f.  22. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Littorina  sieboldi  Philippi.    Abbild.,  Ill,  pi.  6,  f.  3. 

Japan  Sea  (Siebold). 
Littorina  vidua.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  1 10. 

Oushiraa  (Stimp.). 
Littorina  (Hamus)  granularU  Gray.    Challenger  Gastrop.,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  576. 

Ooshima. 
Fossarina  piota  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1867,  p.  312,  pi.  19,  f.  26. 

Tanabe,  Oki-no-Shima  (Ad.). 

Eohinella  (1)  tectiformis  Watson.    Challenger  Gastrop.,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  578  ;  pi. 
XLIII,  f.  1. 

Japan,  565  fathoms,  green  mud  ;  Lat.  34°  T  N.,  Long.  128°  E. 
Eohinella  ceoillei  Philippi.  (Littorina).     Philippi,  Zeitechr.,  1851,  p.  78. 
Liu-Kiu  Is.  (Largilliert). 

Eohinella  oumingii  Phil.    Japan  (Stearns,  300  specimens). 
Lacuna  latifasciata  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1863,  p.  350. 
Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 

Lacuna  (Medoria)  crassior  Montg.    Midd.,  Sib.  Reise,  pi.  10,  f.  10.  11.     ( L.  gla- 

cialis  Moll.). 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Lacuna  (Medoria)  turrita  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  305  ;  1863,  p.  350- 

Rifunsiri  (Ad.). 
Lacuna  (Epheria)  divaricata  Fabr.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  286. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck,  as  L.  vincta). 
Lacuna  (Epheria)  decorata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  304. 

Rifunsiri  (Ad.). 

Lacuna  (Epheria)  inflata  A.  Ad.     Rifunsiri  (Ad.,?,  c.). 
Lacuna  (Epheria)  carinifera  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1851,  p.  225. 

Takauo-Shima  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  LITTORINID^E.  63 

Lacuna  (Epheria)  lepidula  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1863,  XI,  p.  350. 
Seto-Uchi,  Akasi,  15  fms.  (Ad.). 

Lacuna  unicarinata  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  104. 
North  Japan,  on  a  littoral  species  of  Sargassuin  (St.  John). 

Lacuna  (Cithna)  globosa  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1863,  p.  113. 

Seto-Uchi,  Harima  Nado  (Ad.). 
Lacuna  (Cithna)  spirata  A.  Ad.     L-  c.,  same  localities. 
Lacuna  oxytropis  Pilsbry.    PI.  VIII,  fig.  1. 

Shell  acutely  turbinate,  rather  thin,  widely  umbilicated,  yellow- 
ish-brown, becoming  olive  on  the  spire  ;  surface  covered  with  a  thin 
epidermis,  sculptured  by  slight  fine  growth-lines  only.  Spire  elevated, 
acute ;  whorls  4 £,  convex,  separated  by  deep  sutures,  the  last  whorl 
with  an  acute  pinched  peripheral  keel,  which  becomes  obsolete  at 
aperture,  but  extends  up  the  spire  immediately  above  the  sutures. 
Aperture  half  round,  outer  lip  well  curved,  inner  lip  about  straight, 
retracted  in  the  middle,  thin ;  umbilicus  rather  large  and  deep,  ex- 
cavated, brown,  and  rather  roughly  longitudinally  striate  within, 
bounded  by  a  very  acute  keel.  Alt.  6£,  diam.  5  mm. ;  apert.  ob- 
lique alt.  4,  width  3'7  mm. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (F.  Stearns). 

Lacuna  smithii  Pilsbry.     PI.  VIII,  fig.  2. 

Shell  ovate,  smooth,  yellow,  with  white  or  white-edged  apical 
whorls,  and  usually  a  white  peripheral  band ;  surface  marked  by 
growth-lines  and  some  irregular  wrinkles.  Spire  elevated  but  ex- 
tremely obtuse;  whorls  4,  the  latter  1?  demarked  from  the  preced- 
ing by  a  dark  line,  the  earlier  whorls  forming  a  depressed-globose, 
low-spired  embryonic  shell.  Last  whorl  keeled  at  periphery,  the 
keel  becoming  obsolete  toward  the  lip,  not  visible  on  the  whorls  of 
the  spire.  Aperture  oblique-ovate,  inner  lip  arcuate  and  retracted 
in  the  middle ;  umbilicus  moderate,  pure  white,  deeply  penetrating, 
surrounded  by  a  very  acute  brown  keel,  excavated  within.  Alt.  5*6, 
diam.  4'2  mm. ;  aperture,  oblique  alt.  3'6,  width  2*5  mm. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

A  very  obtuse  shell,  less  transversely  inflated  than  L.  stenotomor- 
pha  and  with  narrower  umbilicus.  This  species  is  named  in  honor 
of  Mr.  E.  A.  Smith,  whose  contributions  to  our  knowledge  of  Japan- 
ese shells  have  been  of  great  extent  and  value. 


64  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  FOSSARID^E. 

Lacuna  stenotomorpha  Pilsbry.     PI.  VIII,  fig.  3. 

Shell  small,  smooth,  yellow,  with  a  white  band  at  periphery  and 
another  below  the  suture ;  depressed,  oblique,  with  large,  open,  ex- 
cavated white  umbilicus.  Spire  low,  last  whorl  very  rapidly  enlarg- 
ing, descending  in  front,  rounded  at  periphery.  Aperture  ovate, 
oblique,  small  ;  outer  lip  well  curved,  inner  lip  nearly  straight. 
Umbilicus  deep,  encircled  by  an  acute  keel,  excavated  on  its  inner 
surface.  Alt.  4,  diam.  4  mm. ;  aperture,  oblique  alt.  3,  width  2  mm. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

In  this  species  the  form  approaches  Stenotis  laxata.  The  last 
whorl  is  marked  off  from  those  preceding  by  a  dark  line,  probably 
indicating  the  end  of  the  larval  stage.  This  is  visible  in  the  two- 
other  species  herein  described,  but  I  do  not  notice  it  in  the  North 
Atlantic  or  Californian  Lacunas.  This  feature  may  indicate  a  sect- 
ion or  subgenus,  which  may  be  called  Sublacuna. 
Lacuna  (Stenotis)  laxata  A.  Ad.  Journ.  de  Conchy].,  1868,  p.  54,  pi.  4,  f.  7. 

Idzuma-Nada,  Inland  Sea,  17  fms. ;  Yobuko,  W.  coast  of  Kiushiu,. 
14  fms.  (Ad.). 

F088ARIDJE. 

Fossarus  costatus  Brocchi.  Conch.  Foss.Subap.,  p.  300,  pi.  11,  f.  11  ;  Fossar  japon- 
icw«A.  Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  139. 

Kuro-Shima,  Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Fossarus  trochlearis  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1853,  p.  187. 
O-Shima  (Ad.). 

Fossarus  fenestratus  A.  Ad.     O-Shima  (Ad.). 
Couthouya  deoussata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  410. 

Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 
Couthouya  reticulate  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1853,  p.  186  (Fossar). 

Seto-Uchi,  Uraga  (Ad.). 

Couthouya  striatula  and  C.  plicifera  A.  Ad.    Yobuko  (Ad.,  I  c.) 
Isapis  lirate  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  120. 

Mino-Shima,  Uraga  (A.  Ad.). 
Isapis  conoidea  A.  Ad.    Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 
Conradia  cingulifera  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  410. 

Mino-Shima,  Uraga  (Ad.). 

Conradia  carinifera  A.  Ad.    Mino-Shima,  Goto  (Ad.,  I.  c.). 
Conradia  clathrata  A.  Ad.    Tsu-Shima,  Goto  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  SOLARIID^E,  ETC.  65 

Conradia  pulchella  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  307. 

Tsu-Shiraa,  Goto  (Ad.). 
Conradia  doliaris  Ad.    Seto-Uchi  (Ad.,  I  c.). 
Conradia  tornata  A.  Ad.    Goto  Is.  (Ad.,  L  c.). 
Gotoina  sulcifera  and  pyrgula  A.  Ad.    Goto  Is. 

SOLABIIDJE. 

Solarium  perspectivum  Linne.     Man.  Conch  IX,  p.  8.  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Solarium  maximum  Phil.    Japan  (Stearns). 

Solarium  quadriceps  Hinds.     Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Solarium  cingulum  Kiener.     Hazaburo,  Boshiu  coast  (Stearns). 

Solarium  conulum  var.  japonicum  P.  &  S.     Hazaburo,  Boshiu  coast  (Stearns). 

Shell  similar  in  form  to  S.  conulum  Weink. ;  dark  purple-brown 
above  and  below,  the  peripheral  (supra-sutural)  and  subperipheral 
cords  white,  closely  articulated  with  orange-brown  ;  umbilical  cord 
white.     Alt.  8?,  diam.  10  mm. ;  sometimes  larger. 
Torinia  dorsuosa  Hinds.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

RISSOELLIDJE. 

Eissoella  omphalotropis,  vesicalis,  spiralis  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VI,  1860,  p.  332, 
333. 

Sado,  30  fms.  (Ad.). 

Eissoella  vitrina,  hydrophana  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).    Tabu-Shima,  25  fms. 
Rissoella  minima,  mundula  A.  Ad.  (Ibid}.    Tsu-Shima,  26  fms. 
Eissoella  turgidula  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).     Corea  Strait,  46  fins. 
Eissoella  fulgida  A.  Ad.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  117. 

LITIOPIDJS. 
(See  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1861,  p.  143  ;  1862,  p.  296). 

Alaba  picta,  felina,  lucida  A.  Ad.    Takano-Shima. 
Alaba  leucosticta  A.  Ad.     Tabu-Shima. 
Alaba  cornea  A.  Ad.     Awa-Shima,  Takano-Shima. 
Alaba  zebina,  subangulata  A.  Ad.    Tsu-Shima. 
Alaba  imbricata,  inflata  A.  Ad.    0-Shima. 
Diala  varia  A.  Ad.    Awa-Shima,  Takano-Shima. 
Diala  sulcifera  Ad.     0-Shima,  Tanabe. 
5 


66  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  RISSOID^E. 

Diala  tenuis  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  105. 

N.  Japan,  on  a  littoral  species  of  Sargassum.     Many  specimens 
collected  by  Stearns  have  egg-capsules  (?)  on   the  shell,  probably 
such  as  Smith  mentions.     The  shells  are  larger  than  Smith's,  length 
6  mm. 
Diala  simplex  E.  A.  Smith.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  105. 

Lat.  41°  12'  N.,  Long.  140°  45'  E.,  43  fath.  (St.  John). 

KISSOIDJE. 
Bissoa  (Goniostoma)  pupaeformis  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag..  V,  1860,  p.  411. 

Mino  Shima,  63  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  mundula  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  VIII,  p.  136. 

Corea  Strait,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Bissoa  (Onoba)  elegantula  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).     Gulf  of  Pechili,  7  fms. 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  elegans  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  XI,  1863,  p.  348. 

Seto-Uchi,  17  fms. ;  Yara,  9  fms.  (Ad.). 

Bissoa  (Onoba)  procera  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).     Yura,  9  fms.;  Mososeki,  7  fms.  (Ad.). 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  mirifica  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).     Kino-o-Shima,  Tunabe. 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  bella  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).    Yara,  9  fms. 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  spirata  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).     Mososeki,  7  fms. 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  patula  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).    Yobuko,  W.  coast  of  Kiusiu,  14  fms. 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  egregia  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).    Seto-Uchi,  17  fins.;  Yobuko,  10  fms. 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  lucida  A.  Ad.  (Ibid).    0-Shima. 
Bissoa  (Onoba)  annulata  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  12,  pi.  2,  f.  12. 

Deshima. 

Bissoa  (Onoba)  ferruginea  A.  Ad.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  120. 
Bissoa  (Hyala)  pumila  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1870,  VI,  p.  123. 

Japan  (Ad.). 

Bissoa  (Hyala)  glabrata  (Phil.)  Ad.    Japan  (Ad.). 
Bissoa  (Betia)  Candida  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VIII,  1861,  p.  136. 

Sado  Island,  30  fms.  (Ad.). 

Bissoa  (Setia)  tricincta,  bifasciata  Ad.  Ibid.    Awa-Shima,  in  shell-sand  (A.  Ad). 
Bissoa  (Alvania)  circinata  A.  Adams.     Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VIII,  1861,  p.  137. 

Is.  of  Sado,  30  fms.  (Ad.). 
Bissoa  (Alvania)  semicostata  A.  Ad.    t.  c.,  p.  137. 
Mino-Shinia,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  RISSOID^.  67 

Kissoa  (Alvania)  tiarula  A.  Ad.    t.  c.,  p.  137. 

Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Rissoa  (Alvania)  ferruglnea  A.  Ad.     t.  c.,  p.  138. 

Hakodate  Bay,  7  fms.  (Ad.). 
Kissoa  concinna  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  XX,  pi.  I,  f.  9. 

Tsu-Sbima,  26  fms,  (Adams). 

Rissoa  (Alvania)  caelata,  clathratula,  mariella  A.  Adams.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VIII, 
p.  137,  138. 

Tsu-Shima,  16-25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Eissoa  (Alvania)  pura  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  146. 

Simoda  (Stimpson). 
Rissoina  costulata  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  12. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Rissoina  plicatula  Gould.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  72,  pi.  15b,  f.  5. 

Benin  Is.  (Stiinpson). 
Rissoina  (Rissolina)  lyrata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  145. 

Oushima  (Stimpson). 
Rissoina  (Rissolina)  monilifera  Nevill.    Moll.  Ind.  Mus.,  Calcutta,  p.  79. 

Japan  (A.  Adams). 

Rissoina  (Rissolina)  canaliculata  Schwartz  v.  Mohrenst.       Fam.  der  Riss.,  p.  55, 

f.  18. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Rissoina  (Rissolina)  subfuniculata  Nev.    Wcink.,  C.  Cab.,  pi.  15b,  f.  8. 

Kachiyama  (Dunker). 
Rissoina  (Microstelma)  daedala  A.  Ad.     (3),  XI,  1863,  p.  348. 

Goto  Is.,  48  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Rissoina  (Phosinella)  cancellata  Phil.     Man.  Conch.,  IX,  p.  381, 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Rissoina  (Phosinella)  sagraiana  d'Orb.    Moll.  Cuba,  II,  p.  25,  pi.  12,  f.  4,  5. 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 
Rissoina  (Phosinella)  nitida  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1851,  p.  226. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Rissoina  (Zebinella)  concinna  A.  Ad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  118. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Rissoina  (Zebinella)  adamsiana  Wkff.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  67,  pi.  15a,  f.  4. 

Kachiyama,  25  fath.,  sand  (Dkr.). 


68  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  RISSOID^E. 

Bissoina  (Moerchiella)  spirata  Sowb.    Man.  Conch.,  p.  388. 
Rissoina  (Moerchiella)  striolata  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1851,  p.  266. 

Japan  (Dkr.).      A  synonym  of  It.  spirata  Sowb.  according  to 
Tryon. 
Rissoina  (Moerchiella)  japonica  Wkff.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  65,  pi.  15a,  f.  1. 

Japan  (Weinkauff ;  Nevill). 
Eissoina  (Zebina)  subulina  Wkff.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  66,  pi.  15a,  f.  3. 

Japan  (A.  Adams). 
Rissoina  (Fyramidelloides)  miranda  A.  Ad.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  69,  p).  15a,  f.  8. 

Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Rissoina  (Stossichia)  pseudoconcinna  Nevill.     Hand-List  Moll.  Ind.  Mus.,  p.  98; 
Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  85,  pi.  15a,  f.  8. 

Japan  (A.  Ad.).     Syn.:  R.  concinna  Sowb.  not  Ad. 
Hydrobia  plicosa  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVT,  p.  104. 
Auomori,  7  fathoms  (St.  John). 

Iravadia  trochlearis  Gould.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  72,  pi.  15b,  f.  2. 
Deshima,  Nagasaki  (Nuhn). 

Fenella  pupoides  A.  Ad.    Journ.  de  Conch.,  XVI,  p.  47,  pi.  4,  f.  5. 

Takano-Shima,  Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Fenella  fusca  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  119.     (Dunkeria). 

Tabu-Shima,  Sea  of  Japan,  25  fathoms  (Ad.). 

Fenella  scabra  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VI,  1860,  p.  421.     (Dunkeria). 
Tsu-Shima,  16  fms.  (Ad.). 

Fenella  ferruginea  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     (Dunkeria). 
Sado,  30  fms. 

Fenella  asperulata,  pulchella  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  VI,  18  60,  p.  120  (Dunkeria). 
Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Fenella  rufocincta  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VIII,  1861,  p.  300.     (Dunkeria). 
Moso-Seki,  Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 

Fenella  reticulata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VI,  1860,  p.  422.     ( Dunkeria). 
Awa-Shima,  low  water  (Ad.). 

Fenella  craticulata  A.  Ad.     Mino-Shima,  63  fins.  (Ad.). 
Putilla  Incida  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  IX,  p.  396,  pi.  60,  f.  85. 

Goto  Is.  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CAPULID^E,  ETC.  69 

Scaliola  bella  Ad.     Journ.  de  Conch.,  XVI,  p.  53,  pi.  4,  f.  6. 

OffTabu-Shima,  25  fms. ;  Takauo-Shima,  at  Tatiyama  (Ad.). 

Scaliola  arenosa  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  421. 

O-Shima,  Tanabe,  Simoda  (Ad.). 
Scaliola  glareosa  A.  Ad.    1.  c.,  p.  421. 

Tsu-Shima,  Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 
Scaliola  gracilis  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     Goto  Is.  (Ad.). 

SKENEIDJE. 
Skenea  cornuella  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  V,  p.  412. 

Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

ASSIMINEIDJE. 
Assiminea  japonica  v.  Marts.    Jahrb.  D.  M.  G.,  1887,  p.  182. 

Yokohama,  brackish  water. 
Assiminea  castanea  West.    Yega-Exp.  Vetenskap.  lattag.,  IV,  p.  210,  pi.  5,  f.  26. 

Yokohama  (Vega  Exp.). 
Assiminea  atomaria  Phil.    Abbild.,  II,  p.  136,  pi.  2,  f.  6  (Paludina). 

Japan  (Nevill)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor,  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Assiminea  cincta  A.  Ad.    Jahrb.  D.  M.  G.,  1887,  p.  169. 

Japan  (Paetel). 
Assiminea  subcornea  Ner.     Jahrb.  D.  M.  G.,  1887,  p.  205. 

Japan  ?  (Nevill). 
Assiminea  savatieri  Mabille  (Anculotus). 

Kamakura  (Stearns).     The  radula  resembles  that  of  A.  francesi, 
but  the  admedian  teeth  are  not  divided  as  TroschePs  figure  shows. 

CAPULID*;. 

Capulus  badius  Dkr.     Index,  p.  124,  pi.  13,  f.  15-17. 

Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 
Capulus  japonicus  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1861,  p.  168. 

Mino  Shima  (Ad.). 

Capulus  (Capulacmsea)  dilatatus  A.  Ad.    Index,  p.  124,  pi.  12,  f.  12-14 ;  Ann. 
Mag.,  1860,  p.  422. 

Mino-Shima. 

Capulus  (Capulacmaea)  radiatus  Sars.     Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  132,  pi.  40,  f.  86,  87 
(Pilid.  commodum  Midd.) 

Capulus  (Amathina)  tricostata  Gmel.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  133. 
Kobe,  8  fathoms,  mud  (Chall.). 


70  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CAPULTD^E,  ETC. 

Capulus  (Amathina)  angustata  Souv.    Japan  (Dkr.,  Index,  p.  125). 
Capulus  (Amathina)  nobilis  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1867,  p.  312,  pi.  19,  f.  27. 
Saghalien  I. 

Crepidula  grandis  Midd.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  123,  pi.  6,  f.  1,  2. 

Akishi,  3  fath.  (St.  John)  ;  Kishiu  (Stearns). 

Crepidula  aculeata  Qinel.     Inland  Sea,  Kisbiu  and  Enoshima  (Stearns) ;  KobS,  8  to 
50  fathoms  (Challenger) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Crepidula  walchi  Herrm.     Calyptrsea  plana  Ads.  A  Rve.    Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  11, 
f.  3. 

Japan  (Stearns). 
Crepidula  lamellosa  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  297. 

Goto  Is.  (A.  Ad.). 

HIPPONICIDJE. 
Hipponyx  pilosus  Desh.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  15;  J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  78. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn) ;  Yokohama  (Martens). 

Hipponyx  foliaceus  Q.  A,  G.     Zool.  Astrol.,  Ill,  p.  439,  pi.  72,  f.  41-45. 

Near  Enoshima  (Stearns). 
Hipponyx  australis  Q.  &  G.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  136. 

Deshima  (Dkr.) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  near  Enoshima,  Awa 
coast  (Stearns,  abundant  on  Hallotis  giganted)-,  Hakodate  (Schrenck) 

XENOPHOEIDJE. 
Xenophora  exuta  Reeve.    C.  Syst.,  II,  pi.  225,  f.  9,  10. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  E.  Coast  Nippon  (Stearns). 
Xenophora  pallidula  Reeve.    Jap.  M.C.,  III,  pi.  3,  f.  1-3. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;    E.  Coast  Nippon  (Stearns). 

Xenophora  solarioides  Reeve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  50,  pi.  17,  f.  6. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

VANIKORIDJE. 

Vanikoro  canoellata  Lam.    Narica  cancellata  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  126. 

Japan  Sea  (Dkr.). 
Vanikoro  japonica  n.  sp.    PI.  I,  figs.  5,  5. 

Shell  globose,  about  as  high  as  wide,  solid,  white ;  spire  convex, 
low ;  whorls  3,  rapidly  increasing,  the  last  sculptured  with  many 
subequal  spiral  cords  as  wide  as  their  microscopically  spirally 
striated  intervals,  decussated  by  growth-wrinkles ;  but  at  its  origin 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  NATICID^E.  71 

showing  three  prominent  keels.  Young  shells  having  three  strong 
keels  with  latticed  intervals,  the  pits  oblong  and  very  deep,  base 
with  two  low  spirals ;  when  a  diam.  of  5  or  6  mm.  is  reached  the 
lattice  becomes  more  superficial,  the  primary  keels  decrease  and  in- 
termediate lirse  appear.  Aperture  large,  outer  lip  forming  a  half- 
circle,  columella  less  arched,  moderately  calloused ;  umbilicus  pene- 
trating to  apex,  but  a  mere  perforation  at  all  stages  of  growth  ;  nar- 
rowly but  distinctly  grooved  behind  the  columellar  lip.  Alt.  16, 
diam.  16  mm. 

Chikewa,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

The  narrow  vertical  pits  of  the  earlier  whorls  are  peculiar,  and 
very  unlike  the  square  pits  of  the  young  V.  cancellata.  The  latter, 
moreover,  is  not  tricarinate  in  the  young  state. 

Vanikoro  scalarina  Gld.    Otia,  p.  110. 
Loo  Choo  (Stimpson). 

NATICID.K. 

Natica  taeniata  Menke.     Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  pi.  4,  f.  62,  64. 
Chikiwa,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

Natica  pellistigrina  Chernn.     Man.  Conch,,  VIII,  p.  16,  pi.  2,  f.  33. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Dkr.). 
Natica  colliei  Reel.     Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  427. 

Matoza  Harb.,  6  fath.,  sand  (St.  John). 

Natica  concinna  Dunker.  Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  14,  pi.  2,  f.  21 ;  N.  bicincta,  Schrenck, 
Amurl.  Moll.,  p.  377,  pi.  17,  f.  1-3. 

Deshima  and  Yedo  (Dkr.) ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck) ;  Japan 
(Stearns). 

Tryon  considers  concinna  Dkr.  and  bicincta  Sch.  as  synonyms  of 
colliei  Reel.  There  cannot  be  much  doubt  that  the  former  two  are 
specifically  identical. 

Natica  lurida  Phil.     Chikiwa,  Boshiu  (Stearns,  typical  specimens). 

Natica  adamsiana  Dkr.      Dkr.,  Index,  p.  61,  pi.  13,  f.  5,  6;  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  14,  p'.  2, 

f.  20. 

Banda,  Boshiu  (Stearns)  ;  Deshima  (Dkr.). 

Natica  janthostoma  Desh.     Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  pi.  18,  f.  79. 

Banda,  Boshiu  (Stearns)  ;  Nemero,  E.  Yedo  (St.  John)  ;  Yedo, 
Hakodate  (Lischke). 


72  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  NATICID^E. 

Natica  clausa  Brod.  A  Sowb.  (/  affinia  Gmel.).     Shantar  I.  (Schrenck).    Compare 
preceding  and  following  forms. 

Natica  operculata  Jeffreys.     P.  Z.  S.,  1885,  p.  34,  pi.  4,  f.  7,  7a. 
North  Japan  (St.  John). 

Polinices1  melanostoma  Ginel.     Man.  Conch.  VIII,  p.  50. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Polinices  simiee  Desh.  Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  17,  f.  76  ;  pi.  22,  f.  98a,  b  (Good  !) 
Polinices  powisianus  Recluz.  Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  42;  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  62. 

Yokohama  (Dkr.) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Polinices  powisianus  v.  draparnaudii  Reel.    Japan  (Stearns). 

The  single  specimen  secured  by  Mr.  Stearns  differs  from  N.powi- 
siana  var.  draparnaudii  Reel,  in  having  the  spiral  umbilical  funicle 
very  heavy  and  strong,  much  more  filling  the  umbilicus,  and  the 
edge  of  the  umbilicus  is  produced  in  a  very  strong  spiral  bounding 
rib. 

Polinices  mamilla  Linn.     Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  49. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu   (Stearns).     Lischke  reports   the  synonym   or 
variety  pyriformis  Reel,  from  Bay  of  Yedo. 
Polinices  (Lunatia)  reiniana  Dkr.     Index,  p.  62,  pi.  4,  f.  -I :..  16. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Polinices  (Lunatia)  severa  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  109. 

Hakodate  Bay  (Stimpson). 
Compare  Neverita  reiniana  Dkr. 

Polinices  pallidus  B.  A  S.    Shantar  I.  (Schrenok). 

Polinices  (Neverita)  ampla  Phil.     Ph.,  Conch.  Cab.  ed.  2,  pi.  6,  f.  2;  Tryon,  Man- 
ual Conch.,  VIII,  p.  32. 

Tokyo  to  Enoshima,  Henda,  Shibo,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 
The  extensive  synonymy  of  this  magnificent  Neverita  has  been 
ably  discussed  by  Tryon. 

Amaura  ( Acrybia)  flava  Gld.  (aperta  Lov6n).    Midd.,  Reise  I,  p.  206,  pi.  9,  f.  1-3. 
Sigaretus  inscnlptns  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  55,  pi.  13,  f.  10. 
Wakayama,  Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 

1  Montfort,  Conch.  Syst.,  II,  p.  222.  This  genus  contains  Naticas  with  cor- 
neous operculum,  the  term  Natica  being  restricted  to  species  with  the  opercu- 
lum  shelly.  The  type  of  Polinices  is  Natica  mamillaris  Lam.:  not  N.  mam- 
milla Linn,  as  Dall  states ;  Montfort's  Polinices  albus  being  identical  with 
the  former  species. 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  ADEORBIID^E.  73 

Sigaretus  undulatus  Lischke.     Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  54,  pi.  3,  f.  11-14. 

Yokohama  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Sigaretus  japonicus  Lischke.     Jap.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  55,  pi.  3,  f.  15-17. 

Yedo  (Lischke). 

Sigaretus  (Eunaticina)  papilla  Gmelin.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  38,  pi.  9,  f.  4-6 ;  pi. 

10,  f.  8. 

Yokohama  (Steams)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lisohke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn). 
Velutina  cryptospira  Midd.      Man.  Conch.  VIII,  p.  67. 
Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

ADEORBIIDJE. 

(For  descriptions  and  figures  see  also  Man.  Conch.  X,  p.  83-87.) 
Adeorhis  planus  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  4. 

Japan. 
Adeorbis  depressus  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  6,  a,  b. 

Mino-Shima  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  orbellus  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  9. 

Mino-Shima  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  clausus  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  14  a,  b. 

Mino-Shima  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  japonicus  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  11. 

Goto  Is.  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  prominulus  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  13. 

Mino-Shima  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  nanulus  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  18. 

Mino-Shima  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  trochulus  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  8. 

Goto  Is.  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  patruelis  A.  Ad,    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  21  a,  b. 

Mino-Shirna  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  subangulatus  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19.  pi.  2,  f.  19. 

Goto  Is.  (Adams). 
Adeorbis  oarinatus  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  10  a,  b. 

Seto-Uchi  (Adams). 
Archytaea  suturale  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  (Adeorbis)  pi.  2,  f.  15  a,  b. 

Tsu-Shima  (Adams). 


74  JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  TANTHINID^E. 

Archytsea  corniculum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  (Adeorbis)  pi.  2,  f.  16  n.  b. 
Mino-Shima  (Adams). 

Archytaea  diaphanum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  (Adeorbis)  pi.  2,  f.  20  a,  b. 
Goto  Is.  (Adams). 

IANTHINIDJE. 

lanthina  fragilis  Lam.     Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

lanthina  fragilis  Lam.  var.  planispirata  A.  A  R.    Voy.  Samarang  Zool.,  pi.  11,  f. 
10. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

lanthina  balteata  Reeve.     Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
lanthina  exigua  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  IX,  pi.  10,  f.  17. 

Japan  (Stearns), 
lanthina  globosa  Swains.    Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  IX,  pi.  10,  f.  11-14. 

Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Some  specimens  are  pure  white. 

8CALIDJE. 

Soala  pallasii  Kiener.    Thes.,  p.  83,  pi.  32,  f.  16; 

Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Scala  aculeata  Sowb.    The?.,  p.  86,  f.  35-37. 

Tsu-Shima,  16  fms.  (Ad.) ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Scala  replicata  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  84,  f.  23,  24. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Scala  obliqua  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  89,  f.  69. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scala  muricata  Kiener.    Thes.,  p.  86,  f.  29,  31,  32. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Scala  pulcherrima  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  97,  f.  92. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Scala  lineolata  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  91,  f.  45,  46,  48. 
Scala  trifasciata  de  Haan.     Thes.,  f.  44. 

Tokyo  Harbor,  Yokohama  (Stearns). 
Scala  latefasciata  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  f.  11 7a. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Scala  japonica  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  13,  pi.  1,  f.  13. 

Deshima  (Nuhn). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  SCALID^E.  75 

Scala  angusta  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  13,  pi.  1,  f.  11. 

Deshima  (Nuhn). 
Scala  lyra  Sowb.     Thes.,  p.  89,  f.  38,  39,  81,  82. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Scala  aurita  Sowb.     Kamakura,  Yokohama,  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Scala  immaculata  Sowb.     Japan  (Dkr.). 
Scala  acuminata  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  106,  f.  130. 
Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Scala  rubrolineata  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  91,  f.  83,  84;  Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  479. 
Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scala  turricula  Sowb.  (?).     Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.) ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 

The  specimens  are  probably  not  this  West  Indian  species,  but 
seem  nearer  it  than  anything  else. 
Scala  irregularis  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  90,  f.  40,  60. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scala  trabeculata,  fimbriata,  optabilis,  elegantula,  spiralis,  liliputana  A.  Ad. 
Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  480,  481. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms. 

Scala  praeclara  A.  Ad.     Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.,  I.  c.). 
Scala  eximia  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  11,  f.  16. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Scala  soluta  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  296. 
Port  Lindsay  (A.  Ad.). 

Scala  hexagona  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  198.  f.  67. 

Awa-Shima,  in  shell-sand  (Ad.). 
Scala  elenensis  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  98,  f.  102. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fins.  (Ad.). 
Scala  casta  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.  IX,  p.  67. 

Yokohama,  Tokyo  Harbor,  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Scala  pumila  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  XIX,  pi.  11,  f.  79. 

Japan  (Adams). 
Scala  tenuilirata  Sby.     Conch.  Icon.,  XIX,  pi.  15,  f.  118. 

Japan  (Sby.). 
Scala  (Amaea)  magnifica  Sowb.    Thes.  p.  102,  f.  103. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 


76  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  SCALID^K. 

Scala  (Amaea)  kieneri   Canefri.     (decussata  Sowb.,  not   Lam.;   gowerbyi   Dkr.) 
Thes.,  p.  103,  f.  140. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fras.  (Ad.). 
Scala  (Amsea)  immaoulata  Sowb.    Thes.,  p.  93,  f.  58. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Scala  (Cirsotrema)  sulcata  Sowb.    Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Scala  (Cirsotrema)  bioarinata  Sowb.,  crassilabmm  Sowb.,  turbonilla   A.  Ad. 
Mino-Sbima,  63  fms.  (Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  VIII,  p.  482,  483). 

Soala  (Cirsotrema)  suturalis  Hinds.,  undulata  Sowb.    Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scala  (Cirsotrema)  cribraria  A.  Ad.  Tsu-Shima,  26  fms.  (A.  Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  1861, 
p.  483). 

Scala  (Constantia)elegans  A.  Ad.  (S.jucunda  Canefri)  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Scala  (Constantia)  tantilla  A.  Ad.    Tabu-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Scala  (Opalia)  exquisita  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1864,  p.  310. 

Goto  Is. 

Soala  (Opalia)  lamellosa  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.,  IX,  p.  74. 
Yokohama ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
I  cannot  distinguish  these  from  Atlantic  specimens. 

Scala  (Opalia)  oohtensis  Midd.    Sib.  Reese,  p!.  12,  f.  12-14. 
Nichta  Bay,  Ochotch  Sea. 

Crossea  miranda  A.  Ad.    J.  de  Conch.,  XVI,  1868,  p.  55,  pi.  4,  f.  9. 

Goto  Is.  (Ad.). 

Crossea  bellula  A.  Ad.    L.  c.  p.  56,  pi.  4,  f.  10.    Same  locality. 

Eglisia  cumingii  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1850,  p.  204. 
Japan  (Ad.). 

Aclis  (lolaea)  scitula  A.  Ad.    Journ.  de  Conch.,  1868,  pi.  4,  f.  3. 
Mino-Shima ;  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 

Aclis  (lolaea)  amabilis  A.  Ad.    0-Sima ;  Tanabe ;  Goto  (Ad.). 

Aclis  (lolaea)  sculptilis  A.  Ad.    Mino-Shima;  Tobuko  (Ad.). 

Aclis  labiata,  cingulata,  lirata,  sulcata  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  118. 

Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Aclis  (Ebala)  virginea,  vestalis  A.  Ad.  Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.,  J.c.p.  119). 
Aclis  (Ebala)  scintillans  A.  Ad.    Sado  (Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  43). 
Aclis  crystallina,  fulgida  A.  Ad.     Tsu-Shima  (Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  43). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  EULIMID^E.  77 

EULIMID.E. 

Eulima  robusta  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  271,  pi.  68,  f.  25. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.)  ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Eulima  mundula  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  272,  pi.  68,  f.  26. 

Tsu-Shima,  16-26  fms.  (Ad.). 

Eulima  clavula,  curvata.  stylata,  pinguicula,  acicularis,  flexa,  valida,  odon- 
toidea,  chrysallida,  debilis,  indeflexa  A.  Adams.  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  VII,  1861, 
p.  125-128. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.).     All  unfigured  and  wretchedly  de- 
scribed. 
Eulima  pandata,  dentaliopsis  A.  Ad.  1.  c.     Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 

Eulima  reclinata,  stenostoma,  semitorta,  eburnea  A.  Ad., ;.  c.    Tabu-Shima,  25 

fms.  (Ad.). 

Eulima  angulata,  scitula  A.  Ad.  I  c.     Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Eulima  carneola  Grid.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  148. 

Oushima  (Stimpson). 
Eulima  cumingii  Sowb.     Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  267. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Euiima  (Leiostraca)  vincta  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  280,  pi.  20,  f.  77. 
Bingo-Nada ;  Harima-Nada  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  nivea  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  281,  pi.  20,  f.  84. 

Tsu-Shima,  26  fms. ;  Goto ;  Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  pura  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  281,  pi.  20,  f.  85. 

Tsu-Shima,  26  fms. ;  Mino-Shima,  63  fms. ;  Asaki  and  Mososeki, 
Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  paxillus  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  281,  pi.  20,  f.  86. 

Mino-Shima  ;  Goto,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Sowerby  makes  Leiostraca  clara  A.  Ad.  a  synonym. 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  marise  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  281,  pi.  70,  f.  87. 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  turgidula  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  p.  128,  1861. 

Tsu  Shima,  16  fms.;  Goto  (Ad.). 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  lanceata  A.  Ad.  1.  c.    Seto-Uchi;  Mino-Shima;  Goto  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  mixa,  leachii,  spiculum,  labiata  A.  Ad.,  1.  c.    Mino-Shima, 

63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  clavella  A.  Ad.,  I  c.  p.  129. 
Sado,  30  fms.,  on  nullipore  (Ad.). 


78  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  EULIMIDjE. 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  nitida  A.  Ad.,  I.  c.    Okosiri,  25  fms. ;  Yobuko. 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  mindorensis  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Sainarang,  pi.  11,  f.  25. 

Seto-Uchi  (A.  Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  hastata,  subulina,  picturata,  bizona  A.  Ad.      Journ.  Linn. 
Sou.,  VII.    p.  85,  87,  88. 

Goto,  48  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  lepida  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  85. 
Seto-Uchi ;  Yobuko  (A.  Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  miranda,  oberon,  crystallina,  pusio,  nana,  cigenda,  inqui- 
nata,  spreta  A.  Ad.     Ibid,  pp.  85,  86,  89,  90. 

.Yobuko  (A.  Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)   metulina,   ezigua,    circinata,    taeniata,    tantilla  A.  Ad. 
Ibid,  p.  86,  87,  88. 

Akasi,  Seto-Uchi  (A.  Ad.). 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  pistillum  A.  Ad.     Ibid,  p.  86. 
Harima-Nada,  Seto-Uchi  (A.  Ad.) 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  pusilla.  pygmaea.  cinctella,  scitula  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  86. 
Mososeki,  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  ariel  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861. 
Bingo-Nada,  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraoa)  pumila,  balteata,  gracilenta  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  VII, 
p.  87. 

Uraga. 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  bilineata  Ads.  &  Rve.    Samamng,  pi.  11,  f.  24. 

Uraga ;  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  L.  bivittata 
Ads.,  Genera. 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  lentiginosa  A.  Ad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  90. 

O-Shima,  Mososeki,  Seto-Uchi. 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  conspurcata  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  bifascialis  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  88. 
Bingo-Nada;  Suwo-Nada  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Leiostraca)  interrupta  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  89. 

O-Shirua  (Ad.). 
Eulima  (Leiostraca)  crassula  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  90. 

O  Shima. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PYRAMIDELLID^E.  79 

Eulima  (Apicalia)  gibba  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  295. 

Goto  Is. 

Eulima  (Muoronalia)  bicincta  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  301. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fras.  (Ad.). 
Eulima  (Mucronalia)  exilis  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  295. 

Mososeki,  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Mucronalia)  laotea  A.  Ad.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  VII,  p.  91,  1864. 

Tanabe  (A.  Ad.). 
Eulima  (Mucronalia)  subula  A.  Ad.     Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  VII,  1864,  p.  91. 

Simoda  (Ad.). 

Eulima  (Selma)  succiniola  A.  Ad.  Z,  c.    0-Shima  (Ad.). 
Eulima  (Styliferina)  orthochila  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (3),  VI,  p.  335. 

Tsu-Shima,  on  Asterias  (A.  Ad.). 

Eulima  (Styliferina)  gonochila  A.  Ad.  Ibid.     Mino-Shima,  on  Ophiura  (A.  Ad.). 
Eulima  (Styliferina)  lepida  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  299. 

Yobuko  (Ad.). 

Amaurella  japonica  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  286,  pi.  70,  f.  16. 

Corea  Strait.     Originally  described  as  Macrocheilus. 
Amaurella  glabrata  A.  Ad.    I  c.,  f.  12  ;  P.  Z.  S.,  1867,  p.  311. 

Takano-Shima,  (Ad.). 
Amaurella  semistriata  A.  Ad.    t.  c.,  p.  287,  pi.  70,  f.  17. 

Oki-no-Shima  (Ad.). 
Niso  interrupta  Sowb.    Thes.,  II,  p.  801,  pi.  170,  f.  9. 

Mino-Shima,  Siraonoseki  (Ad.). 
Niso  brunnea  Sowb.    Thes.,  II,  p.  801,  pi.  170,  f.  13. 

Miiio-Shima  (Dkr.). 

PYBAMIDELLID.K. 

The  systematic  values  of  the  groups  of  this  family  are  here  given 
according  to  Try  on  and  Fischer,  but  there  are  undoubtedly  more 
genera.  Most  of  the  species  enumerated  below  are  not  recognizably 
described.  See  for  the  figured  ones,  Tryon,  Man.  Conch,  vol.  VIII. 

Pyramidella  pulchella  A.  Ad.  Obeliscus.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232 ;  Thes.,  II,  p.  807, 
pi.  171,  f.  31,  32  j  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  427. 

Goza  Harbor,  6  fath.  (St.  John)  ;  Mososeki  (A.  Ad.) ;  Bay  of 
Yedo  (Lischke). 


80  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PYRAMIDELLID^E. 

Pyramidella  teres  A.  Ad.      P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232  ;  Th«a.,  II,  p.  807,  pi.  171,  f.  31, 
32. 

Mino  Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  balteata  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232  ;  Thes.,  pi.  171,  f.  25. 

Yobuko,  Uraga  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  pusilla  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232;  The«.  II,  pi.  171,  f.  7. 

O  Shima,  Takanoshima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  eburnea  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232. 

O-Shiraa  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  trifasciata  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232. 

Uraga,  Mososaki  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  vitrea  A.  Ad.  (Syrnola,  Obeliscm).    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232. 

Uraga,  Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Tiberia)  nitidula  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232 ;  Thes.,  pi.  171,  f.  7. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fath.,  Oshima,  25  fath.  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Otopleura)  mitralis  A.  Ad.     Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  VII,  p.  305.  pi. 

73,  f.  94. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Pyramidella  (Lonchaeus)  sulcata  A.  Ad.      Tryon,  Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  301,  p1. 

72,  f.  79. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  solidula  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  15,  pi.  1,  f.  5. 
Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  hyalina  Dkr.     t.  c.,  pi.  1,  f.  9. 
Deshima,  (Dkr.)  ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  tenuisculpta  Lischke.    Jap.  Metres-Conch.,  Ill,  p.  58,  pi. 

3,  f.  7,  8. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola ;>  acioulata  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  p.  223,  1862;  Man.  Conch., 
VIII,  p.  306,  pi.  73,  f.  10. 

Tauabe  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  bizonalis  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  233. 
Miuo-Shima  (Adams). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)   elegans   A.  [Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  233;  Man.  Conch. 
VIII,  p.  306,  p.  73,  f.  7. 

O-Shima,  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PYRAMIDELLID^E.  81 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  lactea  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  234. 
O-Shima, 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  cinctella  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232 :  Man.  Conch.  VIII, 
pi.  307,  p.  73,  f.  14;  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  427. 

O  Shirna,  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.) ;  Matoza  Harbor,  6  fms ;    sand,  (St. 
John)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  brunea  A.  Ad  P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  233;  Man.  Conch.,  VIII, 
p.  306,  pi.  73,  f.  8.  9. 

O  Shima  (Ad.)  ;  Bishiu  (Stearns).     P.fulva  Sowb.  is  a  synonym. 
Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  buxea  Gld.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  234. 

Takano-Shima  (Stimp.). 
Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  columnella  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  235. 

Seto-Uchi,  Mososeki. 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  cylindrella  A.  Ad.      P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  234;  Man.  Conch., 
VIII,  p.  307,  pi.  73,  f.  17. 

Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  deedala  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  235. 
Uraga. 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  gracillima  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  233;  Man.  Conch., 
VIII,  p.  307,  pi.  73,  f.  13. 

Mino-Shima,  Uraga  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  mera  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  232. 

Mino-Shima,  O-Shima. 
Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  pistillum  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  234. 

Yobuko  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  pupina  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  233. 
Mososaki,  Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  serotina  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  234;  Man.  Conch.,  VIII, 
p.  308,  pi.  73,  f.  21. 

Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  striatula  A.  Ad.    Thee.,  p.  812,  pi.  171,  f.  29. 

Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  subulina  A,  Ad.  P.Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  234;  Man.  Conch.,  VIII, 
p.  308,  pi.  73,  f.  23. 

Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Syrnola)  teretiuscula  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  233. 

Tsu-Shima,  15  fath.  (Ad.). 
6 


82  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PYRAMIDELLID^. 

Pyramidella  (Amathis)  virgo  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1861,  VIII,  p.  304. 
Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.).     Described  as  Myonia. 

Pyramidella  (Amathls)  producte  A.  Ad.    (Odoatomia).     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  VI, 

1860,  p.  416. 

Sado,  30  fms.,  Tabu-Shiraa,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Amathis)  pellucida,  eburnea,  conoinna  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1361, 
VIII,  p.  304. 

Pyramidella  (Oscilla)  cingulata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  p.  296. 

Takano-Shima  (Ad.).    Described  as  Monoptygma. 
Pyramidella  (Oscilla)  annulate  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  309,  pi.  74,  f.  28. 

Mososeki,  Yobuko  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Osoilla)  sulcata  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1860,  p.  418. 

Tsu-Shima,  Nososeki  (A.  Ad.).     Described  as  Evalea. 
Pyramidella  (Osoilla)  lirata  Ad.  1.  c.    Sato,  0-Shima  Ad.    Described  «  EoaUa. 
Pyramidella  (Osoilla)  oircinata  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1867,  p.  311. 

O-Shima,  Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Orina)  pyramidalis  Ad.  (Syrnola).    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  233. 

Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Elusa)  subulata  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  237;  Man.  Conoh.,  VIII, 
p.  310,  pi.  74,  f.  30. 

O-Shima,  26  fms,  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Elusa)  oastanea  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  237, 

O-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Elusa)  cinnamomea  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  237. 

O-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Elusa)  hadia  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  237. 

Takano-Shiraa  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Elusa)  gracilis  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  237 ;  Man.  Conch.,  VIII, 
p.  310,  pi.  74,  f.  31. 

Yobuko  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Elusa)  strigulata  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  237. 

Yobuko  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Elusa)  teres  A.  Ad. 

Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  plicate  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  V,  1860,  p.  478,  479; 

1861,  p.  44. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.,  Goto,  O-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PYRAMIDELLID^E.  83 

Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  pupula,  nana,  terebra  A.  Ad.      Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (3), 
VII,  p.  44,  45. 

Tsu-Shima  16-26  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  consobrina  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  p.  44,  46. 

Awa  Shima,  in  shell  sand,  Goto  (A.  Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  munda  A.  Ad.  L  c.,  p.  45.   Corea  Strait,  46  fms.  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  filocinota  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  1864,  VII,  p.  2. 

O-Shima  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  rufolineata,  galbula  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  3.     Goto,  48 
fms.  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  erucella  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  3.    Seto-Uchi,  O-Shima,  Taka- 
no-Shima  (Ad.). 

Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  consimilis  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  1861,  p.  44. 

O-Shima,  Takano-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  alveata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  1861,  p.  45. 

Tsu-Shima,  16-26  fms.,  Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  mumia  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  1861,  p.  45. 

Goto,  48  fms.  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Chrysallida)  mundula  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  p.  42. 

Sado  Island,  30  fms.,  O-Shima  (Ad.).     Descr.  as  Parthenia. 
Pyramidella  (Mormula)  rissoina  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  VII,  p.  1,  1863. 

O-Shima,  Takono-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Styloptygma)  cerea  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  236. 

Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Styloptygma)  gibba  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  236. 

O-Shima,  Tanabe  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Styloptygma^  larvula  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  236. 

O-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Styloptygma)  lendix  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  236. 

Yobuko  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Styloptygma)  pupiformis  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  235. 

Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Styloptygma)  subuliformis  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  236. 

Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Styloptygma)  taeniata  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  235. 

Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 


84  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  PYRAMIDELLID^E. 

Pyramidella  (Acteopyramis)  eximia  Lischke.     Jap.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  59,  pi.  3,  f. 
4-6. 

Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Pyramidella  (Acteopyramis)  ccelatum  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VII,  1861,  p.  303. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  ("  Monoptygma  ")  acuminata  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  150. 

Oushima  (Stimpson). 
Pyramidella  (Mumiola)  retioosa  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  VII,  p.  5. 

Seto-TJchi  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Mumiola)  tessellata  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  1863,  VII,  p.  6. 

Tanabe,  O-Shima  (Ad.). 
Pyramidella  (Mumiola)  spirata  A.  Ad.    Then.  Conch.,  pi.  172,  f.  26,  27. 

O-Shima  (Ad.).     Described  as  Monoptygma. 

Odontostomla  elata,  japonioa,  nana,  pygmaea,  oblonga,  secalina,  tenera,  hya- 
Una  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  p.  42. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Odontostomia  nivea.  obesula,  pupa,  cana,  ventricosa,  goniostoma,  vitrea  A.  Ad. 
Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VI,  p.  20,  21,  417. 

Corea  Strait  and  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  subdiaphana,  pruinosa  A.  Ad.    /.  e.,  p.  417. 

Okosiri,  35  fms.  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  subangulata,  achatinella  A.  Ad.    /.  c.,  p.  416,  417. 

Tsu-Shima,  26  fms.  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  ovoidea  A.  Ad.    t.  c.,  p.  416.    Awa-Shiina,  at  low  water  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  lactea  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  17,  pi.  2,  f.  4. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 

Odontostomia  fasciata  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  17,  pi.  2,  f.  2. 
Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Odontostomia  neglecta  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VI,  p.  417. 
Tabu-8hima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Evalea)  elegans,  pyraxnis,  arcuata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VI,  p. 
22. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Evalea)  suloata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VI,  p.  417. 
Tsu-shima,  16  fms.  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PYRAMIDELLID^E.  85 

Odontostomia  (Evalea)  lirata  Ad.  Ibid.     Tabu-Shima,  Sado  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  (Auriculina)  grayi,  ovalis  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  p.  42,  43. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms. 

Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  spirata  A.  Ad.    Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  oostulata  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  16,  pi.  2,  f.  15, 

Deshima. 
Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  foveolata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  V,  p.  479. 

Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  monocycla  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  V,  p.  479. 

Mino-Shiina,  63  fms.,  Goto,  O-Shima,  Tanabe  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  costellata,  littoralis  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1861, 
(3),  VII,  p.  42. 

Tsu-Shima,  26  fms.  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  punctigera  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  VII,  p.  42. 

Goto,  Sado  (A.  Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Parthenia)   semiplioata  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  V,  p.  478. 
(Chrysallida). 

Goto,  O-Shima,  Takano-Shima,  Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  pusio.    Ibid,  (3),  VII,  p.  45.    (Chrysallida). 
Tsu-Shima,  16-26  fms.,  O-Shima  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  pagodula  A.  Ad.     Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  VII,  p.  4  (Tur- 
bonilla  monocycla  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  418). 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.,  Taku-Shima,  O-Shima  (Ad). 

Odontostomia  (Parthenia)  cselata  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  VII,  p.  4. 
Seto-Uchi,  Akasi,  Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  casta  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861. 
Takano-Shima  (Ad.).     Described  as  Chrysallida. 

Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  minna  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  V,  1860,  p.  478. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms,  Goto  (A.  Ad.).    Described  as  Chrysallida. 

Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  brenda  A.  Ad.    Ibid.      Takano-Shima,  O-Shima  (Ad.). 
Described  a«  Oirysallida. 

Odontostomia  (Pyrguiina)  elegantula  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     Mino-Shima,  63  fms.,  Seto- 
Uchi  (Ad.).    Described  as  Chrysallida. 

Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  pygmaea  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.,  Goto  (Ad.).     Described  as  Chrysallida. 


86  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  PYRAMIDELLID.K. 

Odontogtomia  (Pyrgulina)  pulchella  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1800. 

Goto,  Mino-Shima,  Seto-Uchi,  Akasi  (Ad.).  Described  as  Chrysal- 
lida. 

Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  concinna  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  p.  479. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  miranda  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861. 

Yobuko  (Ad.).     Described  as  Chrysallida. 
Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  bellula  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1861,  p.  42. 

Tabu-Shima,  24  fms.  (Ad.).     Described  as  Parthenia. 
Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  fenestrata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  V.  p.  479. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.).     Described  as  Parthenia. 
Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  pura  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  (3),  VII,  p.  46. 

Awa-Shima,  in  shell  sand,  Takano  Shima  (Ad.).      Described  as 
Chrysallida. 
Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  tantilla  A.  Ad.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  VII,  p.  5. 

O-Shima,  Tanabe,  Tak  an  o- Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Pyrgulina)  deoussata  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     Goto,  48  fms.  (Ad.). 
Odontostomia  (Miralda)  diadema  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  V,  p.  479. 
Mino-Shima,  Seto-Uchi,  Uraga  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Miralda)  mariella  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     Mino-Shima,  Goto,  Tsu-Shima, 
Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 

Odontostomia  (Miralda)  gemma  A.  Ad.    Tsu-Shima,  Seto-Uchi,  Akasi  (Ad.). 
Eulimella  philippiana  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  17,  p..  2,  f.  8. 

Deshima  (Dkr.) ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Eulimella  opaoa,  pelluoens  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  1861,  p.  46,  47. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Eulimella  opalina,  vitrea  A.  Ad.    Ibid.    Tsu-Shima,  26  fms.  (Ad.). 
Eulimella  hyalina  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  p.  47. 

Sado,  30  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Eulimella  (Stylopsis)  typica  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  V,  1860,  p.  406. 

Corea. 
Eulimella  (Stylopsis)  suloata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VIII,  1861,  p.  241. 

Ochotsh  Sea,  17  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Eulimella  (Stylopsis)  rufofasciata  E.  A.  Smith.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  p.  103,  Vol. 
XVI. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  NERITID^E.  87 

E.  of  Yedo,  48  fath.,  sand  and  mud ;  a  var.  in  Endermo  Harb.,  4 
to  7  fath.  (St.  John). 
Menestho  exarata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  VIII,  1861,  p.  303. 

Hakodate  Bay,  16  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Menestho  sculptilis  A.  Ad.     Ibid.    Mino-Shima,  63  fins.  (Ad.). 

Kleinella  cancellaris  A.  Ad.      Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  180;  XVI,  frontispiece,  f.  6; 
Grossman,  Essais  de  Paleoconch.  Comparee,  i,  p.  44,  f.  34. 

Strait  of  Corea,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 
Kleinella  sulcata  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  180. 
Suwonado  Sea,  7  fms.  (Ad.). 

Turhonilla  fusca  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  VIII,  p.  334,  pi.  76,  f.  46.    Japan. 
Turhonilla  varicosa  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  15,  pi.  2,  f.  5. 

Deshima. 
Turbonilla  philippiana  Dkr.    Ibid,  p.  16,  pi.  1,  f.  12. 

Deshima. 
Turbonilla  multigyrata  Dkr.    Index,  p.  79,  pi.  13,  f.  18-20. 

Deshima. 

Turbonilla  perfecta,  nitida,  oincta,  munda,  speciosa,  debilis,  modica,  metulina 
A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  VI,  1860,  p.  418-420. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Turbonilla  commoda,  sculptilis,  fragilis,  bicincta  A.  Ad.    Ibid.    Tsu-Shima,  16 
fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Turbonilla  scaliola  A.  Ad.    Ibid.    Corea  Strait,  46  fms. 
Turbonilla  (Cingulina)  cingulata  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  16,  pi.  1,  f.  10. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Turbonilla  (Cingulina)  circinata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1860,  p.  414. 

Awa-Shima  (Ad.). 

Turbonilla  (Dunkeria)  craticulata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VII,  p.  46. 
•  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

(Rhipidoglossa.) 

NEKITIDJE. 
Nerita  polita  Linne.     Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  30. 

Tartary  Strait  (Schrenck). 

Nerita  albicilla  L.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  25,  pi.  8,  f.  1,  2,  Man.  Conch.  X,  p.  19. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns.) 


88  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TURBINID^. 

Nerita  planotpira  Anton.  Conchy  1.. Cab.,  p.  23,  pi.  4,  f.  4-7,  Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  21. 
Japan  (Martens). 

Nerita  pica  Old.  Otia  Couch.,  p.  108;  Mart.,  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  106,  pi.  12,  f.  15-18; 
Smith,  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  107;  N.japonica  Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  18, 
pi.  2,  f.  23. 

Endermo  (St.  John) ;  Simoda  (Old) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Ki- 
shiu  (Stearns). 

Neritina  sowerbiana  Reel.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  171,  pi.  18,  f.  1-4  and  10. 

Hakodate. 

Neritina  retropiota  Martens.    Conchyl.  Cab.  p.  170,  pi.  17,  f.  18-20. 

Japan  (Siebold). 

Neritina  adspersa  Recluz.    Journ.  de  Conchyl.,  1853,  p.  319,  pi.  7,  f.  6. 

Tokyo  (Dkr.). 
Neritina  ualanensis  Less.    Conchy].  Cab.,  p.  193,  pi.  20,  f.  1-24. 

Nagasaki. 

Neritina  orepidnlaria  Lain.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  77. 
Yokohama  (Martens) ;  Tokyo  Bay  (Stearns). 

TURBINIDJE. 
Turbo  marmoratus  Linn£.     Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  191,  pi.  41,  f.  23. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Sagarai  Bay  (Stearns). 

The  animal  of  this  Turbo  is  considered  by  the  Japanese  a  great 
delicacy.     It  is  first  removed  from  the  shell,  cut  into  little  squares 
like  dice,  replaced  in  the  shell  with  a  little  soy,  and  cooked  therein 
over  a  charcoal  fire.     (F.  S.). 
Turbo  petholatus,  Linn.'.     Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  193. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Turbo  petholatus  var.  reevei  Phil.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  194,  pi.  40,  f.  15,  16. 

Japan  (Dkr.,  as  T.  variabilis  Rve.). 

Turbo  (Seneotus)  argyrostomus  var.  margaritaceus  Linne\  Man.  Conch.,  X,  p. 
198,  pi.  45,  f.  100. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Turbo  (Senectus)  parvulus  Phil.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  206,  pi.  44,  f.  73,  74. 
Japan  (Stearns)  ;  Liu  Kiu  Is.  (Phil. ;  Stearns). 

Turbo  (Batillus)  cornutui  Ginel.     Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  210,  pi.  43,  f.  50,  52. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (young  specimens  lacking  spines,  Stearns)  ;  Yedo, 
Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Hakodate,  etc.,  (Schrenck). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TURBINID^E.  89 

Turbo  (Modelia)  guttatus  A.  Adams.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  213,  pi.  63,  f.  39. 

Tatiyama  (Ad.). 

Turbo  (Marmorostoma)  coronatus  Gmbl.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  108. 
Ooshima,  on  the  shore  (St.  John)  ;  E.  Coast  Nippon  (Stearns). 

Turbo  (Marmorostoma)  granulatus  Gmel.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  217,  pi.  46,  f.  18. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Turbo  (Marmorostoma)  coreensis  Recluz.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  217,  pi.  47,  f.  19. 

Enoshima  (Stearns).  Usually  regarded  as  an  imperforate  variety 
of  the  preceding. 

Astralium  (Cyclocantha)  hsematragus  Mke.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  236,  pi.  54,  f.  57, 

58. 

Tokyo,  Nagasaki,  etc.  (Dkr.). 

A.  rhodostoma  Lara.  (=petrosum  Martyn)  has  been  recorded  by 
Dunker,  but  without  exact  locality.  Its  occurrence  in  Japanese 
waters  is  very  doubtful. 

Astralium  (Cyclocantha)  heimburgi  Dkr.     Index,  p.  130,  pi.  6,  f.  6,  7. 
Inland  Sea  of  Japan  (Dkr.). 

Astralium  (Guildfordia)  triumphans  Phil.      Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  228,  pi.  58,  f.  67, 

68. 

S.-E.  coast  Kii  (Stearns). 

Astralium  (Bolma)  modestum  Rve.     Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  229,  pi.  55,  f.  63,  64. 
Kii  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Astralium  (Pachypoma)  japonicum  Dkr.  See  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila., 
1891,  p.  473,  pi.  19,  f.  6-8  (operculum). 

S.-E.  coast  Prov.  Kii  (Stearns)  ;  Kiushiu  (Lischke). 

Upon  seeing  the  unique  type  specimen  of  A.  wardii  Baker  (Proc. 
Rochester  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  p.  136,  pi.  11,  f.  1)  I  considered  it  a  depressed 
individual  of  this  species.  A.  japonicum  is  not  a  Pomaulax  as  has 
been  supposed,  but  a  true  Pachypoma,  which  is  quite  a  different 
thing.  Mr.  Stearns'  largest  specimen  measures  160  mm.  diameter. 

Leptothyra1    sangarensis   Schrenck.     Amurl.   Moll.,  II,  p.  363,  pi.   16,  f.   6-11. 
( Turbo);  Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  250,  pi.  64,  f.  59. 

Sangar  Strait  (Maximowicz)  ;  Bay  of  Hakodate  (Albrecht  and 
Lindholm). 

1  Synonyms  of  this  generic  name  are  as  follows : — 
Turbo  Auct. 


90  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  PHASIANELLlDvE. 

Collonia  Auct  non  Gray. 

Leptonyx  and  Homalopoma  Cpr.  (prxoc. ). 

Cantraineia  Jeffr. 

Anadema  Ads. 

Petropoma  Gabb.  J.  A.  N.  S.,  Phila-,  VIII,  p.  281.  See  Nautilus,  VII,  p. 
84. 

L.  sanguined  Linn,  has  erroneously  been  recorded  from  Japan  and  West 
America.  It  is  Mediterranean. 

Leptothyra  amussitata  Gld.     Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  250,  pi.  55,  f.  71,  72 ;  Ann.  Mag., 
1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  109. 

Endermo,  4-7  fathoms ;  a  variety  from  Yamado,  7  fathoms,  sand 
(St.  John). 

Leptothyra  purpurascens  Dkr.     Index,  p.  129,  pi.  12,  f.  1-3. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Leptothyra  rubra  Dkr.  Ind.  Moll.  Mar.  Jap.,  p.  128,  pi.  12,  f.  7-9. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Leptothyra  transenna  Watson.  Challenger  Gastrop.  XV,  p.  125,  pi.  VI,  f.  12. 

Japan  565  fathoms. 

Leptothyra  pilula  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  19,  pi.  3,  f.  7.    (Liotid).     Cynisca  japon- 
ica  Ad.  is  a  synonym. 

Corea  Strait  (Ad.). 
Leptothyra  nooturna  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  160 ;  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p/109. 

Simoda  (Stimpsou)  ;  Lat.  41°  12'  N.,  Long.  140°  45'  E.,  43  fatb., 
sand  and  mud  ;  variety  from  Yamada  Harbor  (St.  John). 

PHASIANELLIDJE. 

Phasianella  megastoma  n.  sp.     PI.  VIII,  fig.  9. 

Shell  imperforate,  in  shape  like  Ph.  (Chromoti*)  neritina  but  the 
spire  longer  and  more  pointed.  Surface  smooth,  hardly  shining ; 
either  dotted  closely  and  evenly  all  over  with  red  on  a  pale  huffish 
ground,  or  having  several  spiral  girdles  of  white  spots,  and  a  sub- 
sutural  series  of  white  flames  ;  the  apex  yellow  or  whitish.  Whorls 
3$,  very  rapidly  increasing,  the  last  expanding  toward  the  aperture. 
Aperture  round-oval,  very  large,  oblique;  columella  and  parietal 
wall  regularly  arcuate,  with  a  moderate  deposit  of  callus.  Opercu- 
lum  white  outside.  Alt.  3*2,  diam.  2'9  mill. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Fr.  Stearns). 

The  extremely  large  aperture  sufficiently  characterizes  this  spe- 
cies. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  DELPHINULID^E.  91 

Phasianella  oligomphala  n.  sp.    PI.  VIII,  fig.  8. 

Shell  ovate-turrited,  smooth,  hardly  shining,  perforated.  Dotted 
in  spiral  order  with  red  on  a  pale  ground,  often  having  in  addition 
some  girdles  of  white  spots,  and  very  oblique  snow-white  stripes 
descending  from  the  suture.  Whorls  4£,  well  rounded,  the  sutures 
deep,  the  apex  subacute.  Aperture  round-ovate,  about  half  the 
shell's  length  ;  inner  lip  separated  from  the  body  by  a  long,  narrow 
umbilical  fissure,  which  is  much  reduced  in  some  shells.  Operculum 
white  outside.  Alt.  4'35,  diam.  2'8  mm. 

Nemoto  and  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

The  color  patterns  of  this  little  Tricolia  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
preceding  species,  but  it  is  far  slenderer  than  that,  and  perforated. 

Phasianella  (Orthomesus)  modesta  Gld.    PI.  VI,  figs.  29,  30. 
Pile.,  Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  183. 

Loo  Choo  (Stimp.) ;  Nemoto  (Stearns) ;  N.  shore  Prov.  Tango 
(Gaines). 

It  is  not  without  some  doubt  that  I  identify  these  shells  with 
Gould's  unfigured  species,  but  they  agree  with  his  short  description 
as  far  as  that  goes. 

P.  modesta  gouldii  n.  var.    PI.  VI,  fig.  31. 

Shell  the  shape  of  P.  kochii  Phil.,  clear  red,  showing  under  the 
lens  dense  microscopic  redder  spiral  lines  and  toward  the  base  some 
spaced  red  spirals  with  remote,  white  specks.  Marked  above  the 
periphery  with  a  few  bold  oblique  stripes  of  snow-white ;  a  subsutural 
band  mottled  with  blackish. 

This  form  occurs  with  the  preceding,  of  which  I  consider  it  a 
variety.  It  is  probably  what  Dunker  lists  as  P.  capensis. 

Dunker  (Index,  p.  127)  reports  Phasianella  variegata,  P.elongata 
and  P.  capensis  from  Japan,  the  last  on  Schrenck's  authority.  The 
first  of  these  was  perhaps  Phasianella  (  Orthomesus)  modesta.  The 
other  two  were  incorrect  identifications.  The  S.  African  species 
named  are  of  the  group  of  P.  pulla,  while  the  above  Japanese  forms 
belong  to  Orthomesus,  as  is  shown  by  their  spaced  capillary  lines. 

DELPHINULIDJE. 

Delphinula  delphinula  Linn.     D.  laciniata  Lam.,  Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  266. 

Japan  (Stearns,  No.  1,127) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke,  D.  atrata). 
Several  specimens  of  the  typical  form,  and  var.  atrata  Rve. 


92  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  TROCHID^J. 

Delphinula  distorta  Linn.'.     Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Liotia  semiclathratula  Schrenck.  Amur!.  Moll.,  II,  p.  370,  pi.  16,  f.  16-25;  Ann. 
Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  110. 

Toba  Harbor,  9   fms.,   sand   (var.   St.  John);    Sangar    Strait 
(Schrenck)  ;  N.  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines). 
Liotia  daedala  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1863,  p.  72.    Goto;  Oshima  (Ad.). 
Liotia  tantilla  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1863,  p.  72.    Goto  Is.,  71  fms.  (Ad.) 
Liotia  armata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  Sept.,  1861,  p.  243. 

Corea  Strait  (Ad.). 

TROCHIDJE. 

Trochus  niloticus  Linn.'.     Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  17.     Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Trochus  turris  Philippi.  T.  aUus  Phil.,  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  217,  pi.  32,  f.  7,  not  T. 
altus  Perry,  1811.  T.  turris  Phil.,  Zeitsch.  f.  Mai.,  1846,  p.  102. 

Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 

Dunker  reports  T.  (  Cardinalia)  virgatus  Gmel.  also  from  Japan, 
without  more  accurate  locality.     Its  occurrence  there  is  doubtful. 
Trochus  (Teotus)  obeliscus  Gmel.    Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  13,  14. 

Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Troohus  (Lamprostoma)  rubricatus  Philippi.  Phil.,  Conch.,  p.  213,  pi.  31,  f.  13; 
Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch..  XI,  32. 

Japanese  Seas  (Fischer) ;  Japan  (Stearns). 
This  and  the  next  two  species  are  closely  allied. 

Troohus  (Lamprostoma)  saoellum  Philip]>i.  (  '/'.  stpengleri  Gmel.).  Phil.,  Conch. 
Cab.,  p.  309,  pi.  44.  f.  13;  Pilsbry,  Man.  Com-h.,  XI,  34;  T.  spengleri  Gmel.; 
Lischke,  J.  M.  C..  p.  93. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Trochus  (Lamprostoma)  rota  Dunker.  Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap,,  p.  21,  pi.  3,  f.  4;  Lischke, 
Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  p.  94,  pi.  6,  f.  20,  21;  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  35 
Polydonta  gloriosum  Gid.,  Otia,  p.  158. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Deshima  (Nuhn,  Dkr.) ;  Ooshima  (St. 
John). 

Without  exact  locality,  Dunker  reports  T.  maculatus  from  Japan. 
This  reference  needs  confirmation.  Three  specimens  of  T.  incras- 
satus  were  brought  by  Stearns,  but  it  too  was  perhaps  not  native. 

Trochus  (Infundibulum)  chloromphalus  A.  Adams.  Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch., 
p.  92,  pi.  6,  f.  17,  18.  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  38. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Trochus  (Lamprostoma)  squarrosa  Lam.  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  32,  pi.  6,  f.  60,  61. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke,  J,  M.  C.,  I,  p.  92). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TROCHID^E.  93 

Clanculus  margaritarius  Phil.    Phil.,  Conch.  Cab.,  p.  74,  pi.  14,  f.  4;  Dkr.,  Index, 
p.  139. 

Japan  (Van  Nostrand).      The   Clanculus  smithii  Gray  (=?  0. 
undatus  Lm.),  reported  from  Japan  by  A.  Adams  (before  he  had  been 
there),  may  hardly  be  admitted  without  several  grains  of  salt. 
Clanculus  microdon  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  78. 

North  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines). 

Monodonta  labio  Linne.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  86,  pi.  19,  f.  95,  96 ;  Lischke, 
J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  95. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke);  Deshima  (Nuhn,  Dkr.);  Hakodate  (Schrenck); 
Ooshirna  (Chall.) ;  Seta  coast  (Stearns). 

Dunker  reports  M.  australis  also,  but  without  exact  locality. 

Monodonta  neritoides  Philippi.      Phil.,  Conch.  Cab.,  p.  303,  pi.  44,  f.  4  j    Pilsbry, 
Manual  XI,  p.  106 ;  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila, 

Southeast  Kii  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Yokohama  (Martens). 

Monodonta  neritoides  var.  perplexa  Pils.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  107,  pi.  35, 

f.  6-8. 

Japan. 

Monodonta  (Oxystele)  suavis  Philippi.      Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  117,  pi.  23,  f. 
71-75  j  0.  kceneni  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  142,  pi.  12,  f.  4-6. 

Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns). 
Chrysostoma  paradoxum  Born.    Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  466. 

Mr.  Stearns'  specimen  of  this  (No.  1186)  may  not  be  really  Japan- 
ese, although  it  was  procured  in  Japan. 

Chlorostoma  argyrostoma  Gmel.     Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  p.  96,  pi.  7,  f. 
4;  Pilsbry,  Manual,  p.  165. 

It  is  very  doubtful  whether  this  species  occurs  in  Japanese  waters. 
The  large  example  figured  by  Lischke,  as  well  as  the  extensive  suite 
in  the  collection  of  the  Academy,  are  from  China.  Lischke  calls 
the  typical  form  of  argyrostomum  "  var.  major,"  but  this  term  is 
superfluous. 

Chlorostoma  umbilicatum  Lischke.    PI.  VI,  figs.  11,  12. 

Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  pi.  7,  f.  5  ;  II,  p.  87  ("  Q.  argyroslomum  v.  umbili- 
catum"). 

Nagasaki  (Lischke).     More  strongly  spirally  lirate  beneath  than 
0.  argyrostomum,  and  umbilicate.     The  specimen  figured  is  in  the 
collection  of  Mr.  Shelly  G.  Crump,  of  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Chlorostoma  distinguendum  Dkr.    Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  22,  pi.  3,  f.  1. 
Deshima  (Dkr.);  Japan  (Stearns). 


94  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  TROCHID.fi. 

Chlorostoma  turbinatum  A.  Adams.     PI.  VI,  figs.  9,  10. 

Pile.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  193,  194.  Ch.  rugatum  Gld.,  Otia,  p.  158,  fide  E.  A. 
Smith. 

Toba,  S.  Niphon  (Smith)  ;  Hakodate  Bay  and  Simoda  (Stimp). ; 
Hakodate  (Stearns). 

Shell  having  the  contour  of  argyrostomum  but  much  smaller,  the 
oblique  folds  of  the  upper  surface  coarser,  not  splitting  below  the 
sutures, often  crossed  by  some  indistinct  spirals;  base  slightly  con- 
vex, with  five  or  six  spiral  cords,  often  subobsolete  ;  columella  as  in 
argyrostomum,  the  umbilical  region  closed  in  both  old  and  young, 
but  with  a  deep  pit,  encircled  on  the  side  toward  the  mouth  by  a 
green  callus ;  the  outer  margins  of  the  umbilical  tract  more  or  less 
stained  with  golden.  Color  above  and  below,  black,  in  both  young 
and  old  examples.  Alt.  21,  diam.  25  mm.  The  species  has  not 
hitherto  been  figured. 

Chlorostoma  nigerrimum  Gmelin.     List-like,  J.  M.  C.,  p.  79,  pi.  7,  f.  6,  7 ;  Pilsbry, 
Manual  XI,  p.  165.  Cfu  corntgatum  A.  Ad.  ;  Ch.  undatellaGld. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Deshima  (Nuhn,  Dkr.)  ;  Oushima,  Kago- 
shima  and  Taneogoshima  (Stimpson  ;  C.  undatella  Gld.,  Otia,  p. 

158). 

Chlorostoma  zanthostigma  A.  Adams,     (nigricolor  Dkr.).      Dkr..  Moll.  Jap.,  j»- 
22,  pi.  3,  f.  2 ;  Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  p.  100,  pi.  7,  f.  1,  2. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Deshima  (Nuhn,  Dkr.) ;  Ooshima  (St. 
John). 

Chlorostoma  lisohkei  Pilsbry.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  167,  pi.  26,  f.  16. 
Japan  (A.  Garrett). 

Chlorostoma  msticum  Gmelin.      Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  166,  pi.  25,  f.  1-4; 
Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  p.  97. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke);  Deshima  (Nuhn,  Dkr.);  Hakodate  (Schrenck 
and  Stearns). 

The  upper  surface  is  very  strongly  rudely  ribbed  throughout,  the 
ribs  extending  slightly  over  the  periphery  upon  the  base.  Color, 
black  above,  black  and  white  strigate  beneath,  the  young  black 
beneath.  In  the  typical  rusticum  the  ribs  are  less  strong. 

Chlorostoma  brunneum  Phil.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  170,  pl.-27,  f.  36-38. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

A  single  large  specimen  (alt.  39,  diam.  33  mm.)  collected  by 
Stearns,  which  is  undoubtedly  this  species. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TROCHIDJE.  95 

Chlorostoma  carpenter!  Dunker.     Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  p.  98,  pi.  7,  f.  8,  9, 
10;  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  168. 

Nagasaki  and  Deshima  (Lischke) ;  Southeast  coast,  Prov.  Kii 

(Stearns). 

Chlorostoma  pfeifFeri  Philippi.      Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  167,  pi.  26,  f.  13-15. 
T.  nordmanni  Schrenck,  Ch.  achales  Old. 

Yedo  (Lischke) ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck) ;  Simoda  (N.  P.  E.  E.); 
S.-E.  coast  Kii  (Stearns). 

Chlorostoma  sordidum  Philippi.     Phil.,  Conch.  Cab.,  p.  301,  pi.  44,  f.  1.    T.  sub- 
fuscescens  Schrenck,  vide  Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  188,  189. 
Bay  of  Hakodate  (Schrenck)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  Ooshima 
and  Endermo  (St.  John). 

Cantharidus  (Thalotia)  japonicus  A.  Adams.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  355,  pi. 
17,  f.  25. 

Nagasaki,  Yokohama,  Tokyo  Harbor,  Inland  Sea,  Nemoto,  Boshiu 
(Stearns)  ;  N.  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines). 

A  series  of  many  hundred  examples  was  collected,  exhibiting  a 
very  wide  range  of  variation  in  color.  We  consider  Cantharidus 
hilaris  Lischke  (Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  II,  p.  85,  pi.  5,  f.  14,  15,  and 
Fischer,  Coq.  Viv.  Trochus,  p.  353,  pi.  110,  f.  2)  from  Nagasaki,  a 
synonym. 

Cantharidus  (Thalotia)  yokohamensis  Book.      Bock,  P.  Z.  S.,  1878,  p.  727,  pi.  46, 
f.  3 ;  Pilsbry,  Manual  XI,  p.  147,  pi.  40,  f.  40. 

Yokohama  (Bock). 
Alcyna  ocellata  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  182,  pi.  40,  fig.  12. 

Tatagama ;  Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns);  off  Talen-Shima,  25  fms. 
(Ad.) 

Alcyna  lepida  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  182. 

Off  Talen-Shima,  25  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 

Gibbula  globularia  Schrenck.    Schrenck,  Amurl.  Moll.,  p.  357,  pi.  16,  f.  1-4;   Pils- 
bry, Man.  XI,  p.  226,  pi.  57,  f.  10. 

Bay  of  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

Gibbula  corallina  Smith.      Smith,  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  Ill  j  Pilsbry,  Manual 
XI,  p.  225. 

Gibbula  yamadana  Smith.    Smith,  Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  Ill ;  Pilsbry,  Manual 
XI,  p.  224.  • 

Yamada  Harbor  (St.  John). 

Gibbula  japonioa  Smith.     Smith,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  110  ;    Pilsbry, 
Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  224. 

Gulf  of  Yedo,  lat.  35°  35',  long.  139°  48',  in  6-25  fms.  (St.  John). 


96  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  TROCHID-E. 

Gibbula  redimita  Gld.  Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  227  ;  Smith,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 
Hist.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  111. 

Bay  of  Hakodate  (Stimpson);  lat.  41°  12'  N.,  long.  140°  45'  E., 
43  fath.  (St.  John). 

Gibbula  ochotensis  (Midd.)  Phil.     Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  237,  pi.  60,  f.  3,  4. 

Okhotsk  Sea. 
Oibhula  eucosmia  n.  8p.    PI.  VIII,  fig.  4, 

Shell  umbilicate,  conic  and  elevated,  with  flattish  base.  Coral-red 
with  a  series  of  white  flammules  below  the  sutures  and  white  spots 
at  periphery,  but  sometimes  the  flames  extend  to  periphery ;  base 
red  with  an  umbilical  white  patch.  Surface  sculptured  with  raised 
smooth,  spiral  cords,  of  which  there  are  6  above  the  periphery  rather 
widely  spaced,  and  on  the  base  10  much  closer;  between  the  cords 
very  delicate  growth  lines  are  visible.  Whorls  about  6J,  convex, 
the  last  one  subangular  at  periphery.  Aperture  rounded,  columella 
concave  above,  straightened  below,  bluntly  angled  at  base.  Umbil- 
icus narrow,  rather  funnel-shaped  at  the  opening.  Alt.  7,  diam.  6 
mm. 

Hizen  (Stearns)  ;  N.  shore  of  Prov.  Tango  (Gaines). 

Oihhula  ?  fulgeni  Gld.  Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  225 ;  pi.  40,  f.  38 ;  Smith,  Ann. 
Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  110;  Syn. :  T.  iridescent  Schrenck. 

Off  Cape  Blunt,  35  fms.  (St.  John). 

Gibbula  (Cantharidella)  callichroa  Philippi.  Phil.,  Conch.  Cab.,  p.  298,  pi.  43,  f. 
15.  Trochus  jeSHOensis  Schrenck,  Moll.  Amur-landes,  etc.,  p.  353,  pi.  15,  f.  11-18; 
Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  222. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck) ;  Hizen  (Stearns)  ;  N.  shore  of  Prov.  Tango 
(Gaines). 

Enida  japonica  A.  Adams.  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  144,  pi.  12,  f.  17, 18.  1'i  1.--..  Man.  Conch., 
XI,  p.  245,  pi.  67,  figi.  44,  45. 

Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Enida  speciosa  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  245. 

Off  Mino-Shiraa,  63  fins.  (Ad.). 

Enida  gemmulosa  A.  Adams.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  246. 
Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Basilissa  lampra  Watson.    Challenger  Gastrop.,  p.  97,  pi.  7,  f.  5. 

Mid-Pacific,  E.  of  Japan,  2050  fathoms  (Chall.). 

Monilea  inepta  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  155;  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  254. 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimpson). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TROCHIDJE.  97 

Monilea  vernicosa  Gld.     Pilsbry,  Man.  of  Conch.,  XI,  p.  254;  Otia,  p.  155. 

Ooshima  (Stimpson). 
Monilea  glareosa  Gould.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  255 ;  Otia,  p.  155. 

Loo  Choo,  Oushima  and  Kikaia  (Stimp.).  This  may  be  a  Solari- 
ella  or  Minolia. 

Monilea  smithi  Bunker.     Pilsbry,  Man.  of  Conch.,  XI,  p.  438,  pi.  38,  f.  5-7 ;    Dkr., 
Index,  pi.  6,  f.  16-19  (Euchdus). 

Wakayama  (Dkr.). 

Monilea  (Rossiteria)  nuclea  Philippi.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  257,  pi.  61,  f. 
31,  32. 

Japan  (Fischer)  ;  Viti  Is.  (Garrett !  in  coll.  Phila.  Acad.). 

Bathybembix  argenteonitens  Lischke.      Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  p.  66, 
pi.  4,  f.  1 ;  Pilsbry,  Manual  XI,  p.  347. 

Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

This  species  varies  but  little.  A  larger  individual  measures,  alt. 
48,  diam.  35  mm.  In  Japan  it  is  called  GinTcai,  silver  shell. 

Bathybembix  crumpii  Pilsbry.     PI.  XI,  fig.  4. 
Pilsbry,  Nautilus,  VI,  p.  105,  133,  pi.  2,  f.  3. 

Japan  (Shelly  G.  Crump). 

Bathybembix  aeola  Watson.     Wats.,  Chall.  Gast.,  p.  95,  pi.  7,  f.  13 ;  Pilsbry,  Man- 
ual, p.  163.  pi.  40,  f.  10,  11. 

OffEnoshima,  Japan,  in  565  fms.  (Challenger  Exped.). 
Bathybembix  abyssorum  E.  A.  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1891,  p.  438,  pi.  XXXIV,  f.  5. 

North  Pacific,  E.  of  Japan  in  2300  fathoms  (Challenger). 
Minolia1  punotata  A.  Adams.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  259,  pi.  44,  f.  33. 

Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

1  Minosia  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  142. 
Minolia  pulcherrima  (A.  Ad.)  Sowb.    Sowerby,  Conch.  Icon.,  XX,  Margarita,  f.  11. 

Japan  (Sowb.). 

Seems  to  be  a  synonym  of  M.  punctata  A.  Ad.,  and  the  name  is 
preoccupied. 

Minolia  mustelina  Gould.    Gld.,  Otia,  p.  154.  (Margarita). 
Hakodate  Bay,  low  water  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

Minolia  vitiliginea  Mke.  (!).    Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  II,  p.  86. 

The  type  of  this  species  as  figured  by  Philippi  (Conch.  Cab. 
Trochus,  p.  176,  pi.  28,  fig.  2)  is  unlike  any  Japanese  specimens  I 
have  seen. 

7 


98  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  TROCHID^E. 

Minolia  Stearnsii  n.  sp. 

Shell  more  depressed  than  M.  vitiliginea  Mke.,  thin,  shining, 
widely  umbilicate ;  densely  and  finely  radially  vermiculate  with 
olivaceous  on  a  pale  ground  above,  usually  with  few  or  many  radial 
dark  clouds  below  the  suture,  and  several  narrow  articulated,  spaced 
spiral  lines,  the  periphery  lighter,  often  spotted ;  base  with  paler 
vermiculate  and  articulated  pattern.  Surface  closely  and  evenly 
sculptured  with  spiral  striae  throughout,  with  inconspicuous  rather 
spaced  oblique  impressed  lines,  and  between  them  very  faint,  close 
growth-striae  which  slightly  crenulate  the  spirals.  Whorls  5,  very 
convex,  rather  flattened  below  the  sutures,  producing  a  blunt  median 
angle  on  the  whorls  of  the  spire.  Last  whorl  subangular  at  periph- 
ery and  around  umbilicus;  the  latter  funnel-shaped,  one-fourth  the 
total  diameter  of  the  shell,  white  within  and  with  distinct  growth- 
lines.  Aperture  roundly  subquadrate,  oblique;  columella  slightly 
dilated  above,  straight  in  the  middle,  bluntly  angular  at  base.  Alt. 
6'2,  diam.  10  mm.;  var. :  olivaceous  replaced  by  brilliant  rose  color. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns).  I  separate  this  from  the  vitiliginea  of 
Menke  (see  Philippi)  on  account  of  its  more  depressed  form  and 
wider  umbilicus. 

Margarita  helioina  Fabr.    Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  285  ,•  M.  arctica  Leach,  Dkr.,  Index, 
p.  145. 

Has  been  reported  from  northern  Japan. 

Turcica  imperialis  A.  Adams.     Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  p.  67,  pi.  4,  f.  4— 
6  ;  Pilsbry,  Man.,  p.  415.  T.  adamsianus  Schrenck. 

Tsusaki,  W.  coast  of  Japan,  37  fms.  (Ad.)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke); 
Hakodate  (Schrenck) ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

The  largest  specimen  measures,  alt.  38,  diam.  31  mm.  The  color 
varies  from  uniform  cream-white,  to  brownish,  maculated  and  light- 
ning-streaked with  reddish-brown.  One  specimen  has  the  beaded 
cords  of  the  upper  surface  reduced  to  fine,  subobsolete,  almost  smooth 
threads,  the  periphery  with  a  double  series  of  compressed  beads,  and 
another  similar  cingulus  below  the  suture.  This  specimen  contrasts 
strongly  with  the  typical  form,  but  we  can  only  regard  it  as  a 
variety. 

Turcica  concinna  A.  Adams.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  415. 

Uraga,  Japan  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  TROCHID^E.  99 

T.  coreensis  Pease. 

Corea  Sea.  This  is  hardly  Japanese.  The  "  T.  instricta "  re- 
ported from  Satanomosaki  by  A.  Ad.  (Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (3),  XIII, 
p.  143)  can  hardly  be  the  real  Euchelus  instrictus  Gld.,  of  which 
specimens  are  before  me  from  New  Caledonia  and  Viti  Is.  (see  Man. 
Conch.,  XI,  p.  440). 

Calliostoma  unicum  Dunker.     Pilsbry,  Man.  of  Conch.,  XI,  p.  341,  pi.  16,  f.  9,  10  ; 
Lischke,  J.  M,  C.,  Ill,  p.  64.  C.  affinis  Ball. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima  (Nuhn  !  Dkr.)  ;  Simoda  (Dall)  ; 
Inland  Sea  and  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

About  200  hundred  specimens  found  by  Mr.  Stearns.  They  agree 
in  sculpture,  but  vary  from  reddish  to  yellow  in  ground  color,  and 
on  some  the  broad  cloud-like  dark  maculse  of  the  upper  surface  are 
wanting. 

Calliostoma  censors  Lischke.      Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  p.  65,  pi.  4,  f.  2,  3  ; 
Pilsbry,  Man.,  XI,  p.  347. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
This  seems  to  be  merely  a  variety  of  C.  unicum. 

Calliostoma  sowerbyi  Pilsbry.     Pilsbry,  Man.  of  Conch.,  XI,  p.  34,  pi.  18,   f.  17; 

Ziziphinus  jucundus  Sowb.  not  Gld. 

Japan  (Sowb.,  Stearns). 

Calliostoma  hungerfordi  Sowerby.     P.  Z.  S.,  1888,  p.  568,  pi.  28,  f.  14;     Pilsbry, 
Man.  of  Conch.,  XI,  p.  343,  pi.  34,  f.  11. 

Japan  (Huugerford). 

Calliostoma  urbanum  Gould.    Otia,  p.  157 ;  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  401. 
Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimp.). 

Calliostoma  infuscatum  Gould.    Gld,,  Otia,  p.  157  ;  Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p. 
401. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

One  of  the  original  lot  is  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Nat- 
ural Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  showing  it  to  be  a  well  marked  spe- 
cies. It  will  probably  occur  larger  in  size. 

Calliostoma  (Lischkeia)  moniliferum  Lam.  Enoycl.Meth.,  pi.  445,  f.  2;  Pils.,  Man. 
Conch.,  p.  347 ;  Tr.  alwinse  Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  II,  p.  84,  pi.  6,  f.  17-19. 

Kiusiu  I.  (Lischke)  ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

Euchelus  bronni  Dunker.      Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  22,  pi.  3,  f.  8 ;  Pils.,  Man.  Conch., 
XI,  p.  438. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 


100  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  TROCHID^. 

Euohelus  pauperoulus  Lischke.      Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  p.  69,  pi.  4,  f, 
9-11;  Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  439,  pi.  63,  f.  20,  21. 

Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Euchelus  exiguus  A.  Adams.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  118 ;  Monodonta  exigua 
A.  Ad.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1856,  p.  176. 

Japan  (Siebold). 
Euchelus  ruber  A.  Adams.    Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  440,  pi.  67,  f.  79. 

Karaakura  (Stearns).      Specimens  of  clear,  pale  brown  tint,  with 
light  brown  scattered  dots,  but  agreeing  quite  perfectly  with  typical 
rubra  in  sculpture.     Also,  N.  shore  of  Tango  (Gaines),  a  red  speci- 
men. 
Ethalia  rufula  Gould.    Old.,  Otia,  p.  154. 

Ooshima  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

This  genus  is  here  understood  in  the  sense  explained  in  Man.  Conch.,  XI, 
p.  457,  not  as  used  by  authors  generally.  The  Umlwnium  anguliferum  Phil., 
reported  from  Yokohama  by  Dunker,  must  be  a  mistake,  as  that  is  a  New- 
Zealand  species  of  Ethalia. 

Umbonella  murrea  Reeve.     Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  Turbo,  f.  54  ;  Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N. 
H.  (3),  XI,  p.  265,  1863,  hander  maculosu*  A.  Ad. 

Goto  Is.,  71  fms.  (Ad.). 

Camilla  sp. 

See  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  465.  No  good  authority  for  the  Japan- 
ese reference  seems  to  exist. 

Umbonium  giganteum  Lesson.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  p.  454,  pi.  58,  f.  17-19. 

Kii  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

The  following  principal  color  patterns  occur : 

(1).  Entire  surface  uniform  blue-black. 

(2).  Olivaceous,  with  short  black  and  cream  blotches  below  the 
suture,  a  continuous  red  band  at  periphery,  bordered  below  by  a 
white  band. 

(3).  Olivaceous-yellow,  yellow,  or  pinkish-yellow,  unicolored  or 
marked  like  the  preceding. 

(4).  Very  light  drab,  almost  white,  uniform  or  marked  like  num- 
ber 2. 

(5)  Plumbeous,  with  a  series  of  black  and  cream  blotches  below 
the  suture,  and  a  series  of  cream  and  dark  plumbeous  maculae  at  the 
periphery. 

Many  specimens,  especially  immature  ones,  show  a  group  of  sev- 
eral spiral  strise  immediately  above  the  periphery. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TROCHID&.0-  '  Ifel 

TTmbonium  costatum  Lesson.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  54,  pi.  59,  f.  34,  35. 

Kii  coast  (Stearns) ;  Siinoda,  Hakodate,  Tsu-Shima,  etc.  (Ad.) ; 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Very  large  specimens,  measuring  alt.  22,  diam.  30  mm.  The  col- 
oration is  very  uniform,  consisting  of  narrow  radial  stripes  of  buff 
and  olive-bluish  broken  into  a  fine  tessellation  by  the  spiral 
grooves  of  the  upper  surface,  the  base  with  coarser  radial  stripes, 
sometimes  interrupted ;  umbilical  callus  purplish-pink, 

TJmbonium  costatum  var.  superbum  Gould.      Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  83,  pi.  5,  f. 
18-21. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Kagoshima  (N.  P.  E.  E.);  Inland  Sea,  Hizen, 
near  Enoshima  (Stearns). 

Very  extensive  suites  of  this  form  were  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns ; 
and  a  critical  examination  shows  that  there  is  really  no  character 
whatever  separating  them  from  U.  costatum  except  size.  The  sub- 
sutural  fasciole  is  sometimes  smooth,  but  more  often  more  or  less 
tuberculate  ;  and  specimens  occur  which  are  very  different  to  distin- 
guish from  U.  moniliferum.  Mr.  Stearns  has  assorted  the  forms  into 
numerous  color  varieties  which  he  designates  by  letters.  The  more 
notable  of  these  are  as  follows  : 

(1).  Coloration  as  described  above  for  U.  costatum,  the  stripes 
above  continuous  or  tessellated,  periphery  often  with  a  white  and  a 
red  girdle,  (Nagasaki,  Kii).  (See  Lischke,  II,  pi.  V,  f.  20,  21). 

(2).  Same  pattern  as  above,  but  ground  color  orange,  stripes  faint 
olive ;  base  without  stripes,  red  or  yellow. 

(3).  Same  as  No.  1,  but  with  wide  blotch-like  stripes  at  and  below 
the  periphery.  (See  Lischke,  f.  18,  19). 

(4).  Entire  surface  blue-black  or  purple-black,  callus  fleshy. 
{Hizen). 

(5).  Ground  color  and  subperipheral  fasciole  red,  stripes  close  and 
dusky ;  interstices  between  spiral  cords  pure  white.  This  is  the  most 
remarkable  and  lovely  pattern.  The  base  is  articulated,  broadly 
striped  or  uniform. 

(6).  Ground  color  almost  white ;  stripes  or  tesellation  very  pale 
bluish  or  brown  ;  callus  white  or  fleshy.  (Inland  Sea). 

(7).  Stripes  broad  and  red,  on  a  yellow  ground. 

(8).  Upper  surface  with  broad  white  zone.  One  specimen  of  this 
variety  lacks  spiral  sulci,  and  has  very  convex  whorls. 


V     f  ^APAN^^MOLLUSKS,  CYCLOSTREMATID^E. 

Umbonium  japonicum  Sulliotti.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  456. 

Sea  of  Japan  (Sul.). 

Will  prove  a  synonym  of  U.  moniliferum  or  superbum.  Sowerby 
(Thes.,  V,  p.  472)  reports  U.  suturalis  Lam.  from  Japan  ;  and  A. 
Adams  reports  vestiarium  Linn. 

Umbonium  moniliferum  Lamarck.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  456,  pi.  58,  f.  22- 
31. 

Kishiu,  Kamakura  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki,  Simoda,  O-Shima  (Dkr.). 

Three  color  varieties  collected  : 

(1).  White,  with  some  faint  or  obsolete  tessellation;  callus  white 
or  light.  (Kishiu). 

(2).  Yellow,  with  light  olive  tessellation  ;  callus  pink  or  dusky. 

(3).  Ground  color  buff  or  white,  with  wide  red  stripes,  sometimes 
reducing  the  light  ground  to  mere  spots ;  base  with  broad  oblique 
stripes,  or  a  subperipheral  red  girdle.  (Kamakura). 

Umbonium   thomasi  Crosse.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  453,  pi.  57,  f.  31,  32. 
RoteUa  infraplanata  Sowerby. 

Hakodate. 

Umbonium  adamsi  Dunker.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  135,  pi.  6,  f.  3-5. 

Japan  (Dkr.).     Is  this  more  than  a  variety  of  U.  thomasi  f 

CYCL08TREMATID.S. 

Cyclostrema  anaglyptum  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  Vol.  X,  p.  88,  pi.  31,  f.  15,  16. 

Seto-Uchi  (Adams). 

Cyclostrema  pulchella  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  20,  pi.  3,  f.  5. 

Tokyo  (Stearns)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke) ;  Inland  Sea  (A.  Ad.), 
Tryon  unites  this  with  C.  micans  A.  Ad. 

Cyclostrema  ammonooeras  A.  Ad.     Man.  Conch.,  Vol.  X,  p.  89,  pi.  31,  f.  34,  35. 
Japan  (Adams). 

Cyclostrema  dunkeri  Tryon.  Man.  Conch.,  X,  p.  91,  pi.  32,  f.  48,  49.  C.  cingulatum 
Dkr.  not  Phil.;  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  20,  pi.  3,  f.  11. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Cyclostrema  biporcatum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  7  a,  b. 

Seto-Uchi  (Adams). 
Cyclostrema  Isevis  Keiner.    Sp.  et  Icon.  Coq.  Viv.,  Delphinula,  pi.  4.  f.  6. 

Japan. 

C.  duplicata  Lischke.     Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  p.  61,  pi.  3,  f.  9. 

Yedo  (Lischke). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CYCLOSTREMATIDJE.  103 

Cyclostrema  cinguliferum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  1  a,  b. 
Japan  (Adams). 

Cyclostrema  tornatum  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2  f.  15. 
Japan  (Adams). 

Cyclostrema  sulcatum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  3. 
Japan  (Adams). 

Cyclostrema  (Tubiola)  cornuellum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  3,  f.  21  a.  b. 
Japan  (Adams). 

Cyclostrema  (Tubiola)  nivea  A.  Ad.    Man.  Conch.,  Vol.  X,  p.  96,  pi.  33,  f.  89,  90. 
Japan  (Chem.). 

Cyclostrema  (Daronia)  cyclotina  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  3,  f.  20  a,  b. 
Japan  (Ad.). 

Cyclostrema  (Morchia)  obvolutum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  3,  f.  19  a,  b. 
Japan  (A.  Ad.). 

Teinostoma  concentricum  A.  Ad.    Conoh.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  2  a,  b. 

Takano-Shima  (Adams). 
Teinostoma  radiatum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1,  f.  6  a,  b. 

Kino-o-Shiina  (Adams). 
Teinostoma  lucidum  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  1,  f.  7  a,  b,  Vol.  19. 

Japan  (Adams). 

Teinostoma  (Calceolina)  pusillum  (C.  B.  Ad.).  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  1, 
f.  8  a,  b. 

Japan  (Adams). 

Teinostoma  candidum  A.  Adams.    Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1862,  p.  296  (Ethalia) ; 
Sowerby,  Conch.  Icon.,  XX,  pi.  4,  f.  14  (Rotella). 

Goto  Is.,  71  fms.  (Ad.). 

Teinostoma  polita  A.  Adams.    Ad.,  1.  c. ;  Sowb,.  1.  c.,  f.  17  (Rotella). 
Goto  Is.,  71  fms.  (Ad.). 

Teinostoma  omphalotropis  A.  Adams.     Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1863,  XI,  p.  266 
(Ethalia). 

Yobuko,  17  fms.  (Ad.). 

Teinostoma  nitida  A.  Adams.    Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  p.  266  (Ethalia). 

Yobuko,  14  fms.  (Ad.). 

Teinostoma  sobrina  A.  Adams.    Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1861,  VIII,  p.  306 ;  XI,  p. 
266  (Ethalia) ;  Sowerby,  Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  2,  f.  19. 


104  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  STOMATELLID^E. 

Kino-o  Shi  ma,  Takano-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 

Teinostoma  perspioua  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1863,  p.  266. 
Oki-no-Shima,  Takano-Shima  (Ad.). 

Microtheca  crenellifera  A.  Ad.    Conoh.  loon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  3,  f.  23. 

Japan  (Ad.). 

Lippistes  rollei  v.  Martens.     Nachrbl.  d.  m.  Gee.,  1894,  p.  135. 

Iki,  in  fine  sand. 

STOMATELLIDJE. 
Stomatella  lyrata  Pilsbry.    Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  12,  pi.  2,  f.  3-5. 

Kishiu  (Stearns). 

This  abundant  species  attains  a  diameter  of  15  mm.    It  may  be 
the  same  as  the  alleged  Japanese  S.  articulate. 

Stomatella  articulata  A.  Adams.    Pits.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  13,  pi.  52,  f.  43  ;  Dkr., 
Index,  p.  145. 

Japan  (Dkr.).     Originally  described  from  Australia  and  Lord 
Hood's  Island.     Does  it  really  occur  in  Japanese  Seas  ? 

Stomatella  orbiculata  A.  Adams.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI,  p.  16,  pi.  52,  f.  44,  45; 
Dkr.,  Index,  p.  145. 

Japan  (Dkr.).    Also  reported  from  Mozambique  (Cuming)  and 
Darnley  I.,  Torres  Sts.  (Brazer). 

Stomatella  japonica  A.  Adams.     Pilsbry,  Manual  XII,  p.  20,  pi.  53,  f.  97. 

Japan  (Curaing)  ;  Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Niphonia  pulchella  A.  Adams.     Ad.,  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.  (3),  1860,  p.  336 ;  Pila.,  Man. 
Conch.,  XII,  p.  29. 

Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Stomatia  phymotii  Hebling.     Pilsbry,  Manual  of  Conch.,  XII,  p.  30 ;  Dkr.,  Index, 
p.  146. 

Said  to  occur  in  Japan.      Mr.  Stearns  obtained  many  specimens 
at  Ohon-me  I.,  Liukiu  group. 

Stomatia  rubra  Lamarck.      Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  33 ;  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  146 ; 
pi.  6,  f.  11-13. 

Strait  of  Corea  (Ad.) ;  Inland  Sea  of  Japan  (Stearns) ;  Bay  of 
Yedo  (Lischke). 

The  color  varies  from  a  deep  crimson  to  orange. 

Stomatia  splendidula  A.  Adams.      Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  34;  Dkr.,  Index, 
p.  145. 

Japanese  Sea  (Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  HALIOTID^E.  105 

Oena  dilecta  Gould.     Otia  Conch.,  p.  109  ;  Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  40,  pi.  55, 

f.  33. 

Hakodate  Bay,  on  shells  (Stimpson). 
Oena  lutea  (Linne)  Adams.     Pi's.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  44,  pi.  2,  f.  29-31. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Oena  varia  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII.  p.  45,  pi.  55,  f.  19-21. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

HALIOTIDJE. 
Haliotis  (Padollus)  ovina  Gmelin.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  124,  pi.  19,  f.  7. 

Three  specimens  of  the  reddish  typical  form  collected  by  Mr. 
Stearns. 
Haliotis  gigantea  Gmelin.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  84.  H.  sieboldii  and  H. 

discus  Reeve. 

Kii  coast  (Stearns,  with  numerous  pearls  of  same) ;  Nagasaki, 
Yedo,  Hakodate  (Lischke). 
Haliotis  gigantea  discus  Rve.    Yesso  (Stearns). 

From  this  locality  forms  referable  to  both  discus  and  Jcarr.tschat- 
kana.     Simoda  and  Hakodate  (Stimp.)  ;  Goto  Is.  (Ad.). 
Haliotis  planata  Sowerby.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  99,  pi.  49,  f.  20,  21,  22. 

Philippines  (Sowb.)  ;  Viti  Is.  (Garrett !)  ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

Haliotis  japonica  Reeve.      Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  pi.  14,  f.  77-J-/T.  aquatilis 
and  H.  incisa  Rve. 

Japan  (Rve.). 

Haliotis  diversicolor  Reeve.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  104,  105. 

Sagami,  Awa,  Idzu  and  Kii  coast  (Stearns). 

This  specific  name  covers  the  following  forms,  the  distincti ?e  feat- 
ures of  which  are  well  bridged  by  specimens  in  the  large  quantity 
collected  by  Mr.  Stearns. 
H.  supertexta  Lischke.     Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  II,  p.  92,  pi.  6,  f.  13-15. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

H.  exigua  Dunker.     Index,  p.  148,  pi.  6,  f.  8-10. 

This  is  merely  a  young  shell,  easily  matched  in  any  series  of  young 
supertexta. 

H.  gruneri  Philippi.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XI F,  p.  105,  pi.  47,  f.  1,  2. 
Nagasaki,  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Haliotis  speciosa  Reeve.     Conch.  Icon.,  f.  47. 

Japan  (Mus.  Loebbecke,  teste  Weinkauff ), 


106  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  FIS8URELLIDJE. 

Haliotis  (Teinotis)  asinina  Linn.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  126,  pi.  14,  f.  76. 
Japan  (Weinkauff;  Stearns). 

SCISSUSELLIDJE. 
Scissurella  japonioa  A.  Adams.     Pils.^Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  59. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.,  Seto-Uchi,  O-Shima  (Ad.). 

Scissurella  lamellata  A.  Adams.     Pile.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  59. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.,  Goto,  71  fms.,  O-Shima,  26  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scissurella  turbinata  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  59. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scissurella  concinna  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  59. 

Rifunsiri,  35  fms.  (Ad.). 

Scissurella  staminea  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  60. 

Tsu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 

Schismope  carinata  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  67. 

Okosiri,  35  fms.,  Seto-Uchi,  16  fms.,  Goto,  71  fms.  (Ad.). 

Schismope  modesta  A.  Adams.     Pits.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  67. 

Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 

Schismope  miranda  A.  Adams.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  67. 
Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

PLEUROTOMARIIDJE. 

Fleurotomaria  beyrichi  Hilgendorf.     v.  Martens,  Conch.  Mittheil.,  i,  p.  33,  pi.  7  ; 
Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII.  p.  71,  pi.  56,  f.  7-9. 

Japan. 

FISSURELLIDJE. 

Fissurellidince. 

Macroschisma  macroschisma  (Chemn.)  Dillwyn. 

Patella  macroschisma  Chemnitz,  Conchyl.  Cab.,  XI,  p.  184,  pi. 
197,  f.  1923,  1924  (1795). 

Patella  macroschisma  Wood,  Index  Testae.,  pi.  38,  fig.  102a 
(1828). 

Patella  macroschisma  Dillw.,  Descript.  Cat.  Rec.  Shells,  II,  p. 
1062,  (1817)  ;  reference  to  Humphreys  excluded. 

Fissurella  macroschima  Desh.,  in  Lam.  An.  s.  Vert.  Edit.  2,  VII, 
p.  603  (exclusive  of  all  but  first  reference)  1836. 

Macrochisma  maxima  A.  Adams,  P.  Z.  S.,  1850,  p.  202  ;  H.  &  A. 
Adams,  Gen.  Rec.  Moll.,  Ill,  pi.  51,  fio;.  5,  (1858). 

Macroschisma  maxima  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  192  (copy  of 
Adams'  description  and  figure). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  FISSURELLID^E.  107 

Not Humphreys  and  DaCosta,  Conch.,  pi.  7,  f.  3. 

Not  Fissurella  macroschisma  Sowerby,  Genera  of  Shells,  Fiss.,  f. 
5,  =M.  hiatula  Swains. 

Not  Fissurella  macroschisma  Sowb.,  Conch.  Illustr.,  f.  39. 

Not  Macrochisma  maxima  Sowb.,  Thes.  Conch.,  Ill,  pi.  244,  f. 
216,  217. 

The  prominent  specific  characters  of  this  form  are  its  very  large 
perforation  which  is  suddenly  dilated  posteriorly  to  double  the  width 
of  its  middle  portion.  The  anterior  part  of  the  shell  has  several 
carinse.  In  M.  hiatula  Sw.,  the  hole  is  not  thus  dilated  posteriorly, 
nor  is  it  so  in  the  various  figures  of  Humphreys  and  Sowerby 
referred  to  above.  Chemnitz  reports  the  species  from  Japan. 

Macroschisma  sinensis  A.  Adams.    PI.  VI,  figs.  6,  7,  8. 
Pilsbry,  Manual  of  Conch.,  XII,  p.  190,  pi.  59,  f.  56-59. 

Tabu-Shima  (Ad.)  ;  Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns,  twelve  specimens). 

Shell  oblong,  the  length  slightly  exceeding  twice  the  breadth  ; 
lateral  margins  slightly  convex,  subparallel,  anterior  margin  well 
rounded,  posterior  margin  more  or  less  truncate,  often  emarginate. 
Anterior  slope  straight  or  slightly  convex,  more  than  half  the  length 
of  the  shell ;  side  slopes  straight. 

Surface  sculptured  with  close,  fine  radial  striae,  latticed  by  con- 
centric raised  strise,  which  are  much  less  obvious  on  old  than  on 
young  shells ;  the  anterior  portion  having  about  four  very  inconspic- 
uous low  radial  ridges.  Color  either  (1)  dotted,  speckled  and  ob- 
scurely banded  with  black  on  a  pale  buffish  ground,  or  (2)  blackish 
at  the  sides,  crimson  in  front  and  behind,  or  (3)  crimson  throughout, 
with  some  faint  blackish  rays.  Posterior  slope  very  short,  about 
equalling  the  length  of  the  eroded  portion  behind  the  hole ;  gen- 
erally concave,  or  broadly  guttered  behind  the  hole.  Perfora- 
tion wedge-shaped,  with  nearly  straight  sides,  gradually  diverging 
backward ;  very  narrow  in  front,  the  back  margin  rounded,  with 
an  eroded  tract  behind  it.  Length  of  hole  slightly  less  than  one-third 
the  entire  length  of  the  shell.  Interior  white  with  a  bluish  stain  ; 
hole-callus  well  marked,  its  edge  stained  with  olive-black  at  the 
sides.  Peristome  strongly  curved  upward  behind,  much  less  so  in 
front,  the  lateral  margins  nearly  level. 

Length  23J,  breadth  101,  alt.  6  mm. 

Length  23£,  breadth  lOf,  alt.  6£  mm. 

Length  21,  breadth  9f,  alt.  6  mm. 

This  species  differs  from  M.  macroschisma  in  the  form  of  the  per- 
foration, which  is  wider  posteriorly  but  not  abruptly  dilated  there. 


108  JAPANESE  MOLLU9K8,  FISSURELLIDJC. 

Macroschisma  dilatata  A.  Adams.  Sowerby,  Thes.,  Ill,  p.  206,  f.  220  ;  Man.  Conch. 
XII,  p.  193,  pi.  59,  f.  63. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

The  specimen  referred  to  this  species  differs  from  M.  sinensis  in 
being  shorter  and  broader,  with  shorter  foramen  and  concave  front 
slope.     Color  red,  with  a  white  ray  on  each  side. 
Maoroschiima  Lischkei  Pilsbry.     PI.  VI,  figs.  1,  2,  3, 4,  5. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

Shell  oblong,  the  length  less  than  twice  the  breadth ;  lateral  mar- 
gins convex,  anterior  margin  well  rounded,  posterior  margin  bluntly 
rounded,  subtruncate.  Anterior  slope  straight,  decidedly  less  than 
half  the  length  of  the  shell ;  side  slopes  straight. 

Surface  sculptured  with  fine  radial  striae,  alternately  larger 'and 
smaller,  finer  on  the  forward  half  of  the  side  slopes ;  slightly  decus- 
sated by  growth  lines.  Color  either  (1)  uniform  black,  or  (2) 
closely  speckled  with  black  on  a  buff  ground,  or  (3)  crimson  with 
or  without  dusky  rays.  Posterior  slope  long  for  the  genus,  about 
one-fifth  the  length  of  the  entire  shell ;  flattened  or  subconcave  be- 
hind the  hole,  but  not  guttered.  Perforation  large,  oblong,  slightly 
narrower  in  front,  and  wider  behind,  with  a  very  narrow  eroded  tract 
behind  it.  Length  of  hole  contained  two  and  one-half  times  in  length 
of  shell.  Interior  bluish-white,  the  hole-callus  darker  at  the  sides. 
When  resting  upon  a  plane  surface,  the  peristome  of  the  shell  is 
seen  to  be  very  much  elevated  behind,  and  but  little  less  so  in  front; 
the  latero-basal  margins  strongly  curved  throughout. 

Length  17§,  breadth  9,  alt.  5  mm. 

Length  16,  breadth  9J,  alt.  5  mm. 

Twenty-two  specimens  collected.  This  seems  a  very  distinct  spe- 
cies ;  the  position  and  proportions  of  hole,  the  long  posterior  and 
short  anterior  slope,  and  the  strongly  curved  basal  margins  being 
especially  characteristic,  and  unlike  other  described  forms. 

Emarginulince. 

Fissuridea  tioaonica  Reeve.    Sowb.,  Thes.,  Conch.,  Ill,  p.  197,  f.  110. 

Described  from  Ticao,  Philippines ;  reported  from  Japan  by 
Dunker.  One  specimen  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns  is  referable  to  this 
species,  although  the  foramen  is  rather  shorter. 

Fissuridea  was  proposed  for  a  highly  arched  species  from  the  Philippine 
Is.  It  has  hitherto  been  regarded  as  a  subgenus  of  Fissurella.  Its  synonymy 
is  as  follows : 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  FISSURELLID^E.  109 

Fissuridea  Swains.,  Malacol.,  p.  356,  1840,  type  F.  galeata  Helbl. 
Glyphis  Carpenter,  P.  Z.  S.,  1856,  p.  223,  type  G.  aspera  Esch. 
Not  Glyphis  Agassiz,  1842,  nor  of  Gibbes,  1848,  a  genus  of  fishes. 
Fissuridea  Pilsbry,  Nautilus,  Jan.,  1892,  p.  104. 

Fissuridea  sieboldii  Reeve.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  204;  Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  6, 
f.  14,  15. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke).      Lucapina  pfeifferi  Dkr.,  Malak.,  BL, 
xxiv,  p.  70,  is  said  by  Dunker  to  be  identical. 

Puncturella  noachina  Linne.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  229,  pi.  27,  f.  69,  70. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Puncturella  nobilis  A.  Adams.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  231,  pi.  63,  f.  34-37. 
Okosiri  (Ad.). 

Puncturella  (Cranopsis)  pelex  A.  Adams.      Pilsbry,  Manual  XII,  p.  241,  pi.  28,  f. 

8. 

Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Puncturella  (Cranopsis"*  pileolus  A.  Adams.   Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  241,  pi. 
28,  f.  9. 

Off  Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 

Zeidora  reticulata  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  247,  pi.  63,  fig.  between 
16  and  20. 

Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 

Zeidora  calceolina  A.  Adams.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  247,  pi.  64,  f.  27. 
Strait  of  Corea,  off  Mino-Shima  (Ad.). 

Bimula  cumingii  A.  Adams.     Thes.  Conch.,  Ill,  p.  210,  pi.  245,  f.  1. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Emarginula  adamsiana  Sowerby.    Sowb.,  Thes.  Conch.,  p.  214,  f.  27,  28. 

Japan  (Sowb.).     E.  solidula  Costa,  a  Mediterranean  species  is 
said  to  occur  in  Japan,  but  it  requires  confirmation. 

Emarginula  scabriuscula  A.  Ad.    Conch.  Icon.,  Vol.  19,  pi.  5,  f.  30. 
Japan. 

Emarginula  maculata  A.  Adams.    Ad.,  in  Sowb.,  Thes.  Ill,  p.  215,  f.  31,  32;  Pils., 
Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  263. 

Goto  Is.  (A.  Ad.). 

Emarginula  japonica  Sowerby.    Thes.  Conch.,  Ill,  p.  216,  f.  43,  44. 
Emarginula  altilis  Gld.    Gld.,  Otia,  p.  116. 
Kagoshima  Bay,  10  fms. 


110  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  ACM^EIDJE. 

Emarginula  textilis  Gould.     Old.,  Otia,  p.  116. 

Ooshima  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

Suhemarginula  picta  Dkr.    Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  24,  pi.  12,  f.  15. 
Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Suhemarginula  (Tugalia)  gigas  v.  Martens.    (Saru-aivabi).    Mart..  Conch.  Mit- 
thoil.  II,  p.  103,  pi.  19 ;  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  286. 

Northern  Japan  (Mts.). 

Scutus  unguis  Linne".    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  289,  pi.  40,  f.  4-8.    (Parmo- 
phorus  japonicus  Tapparone-Canefri.) 

Nagasaki  (Stearns). 

Besides  the  synonyms  given  in  the  Manual  of  Conchology,  Patella 
scapha  Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.  13,  p.  3727,  belongs  to  this  species. 

PHENACOLEPADIDJE. 

Phenacolepas  pulchellus  Lischke.      Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  11,  p.  100,  pi.  6, 
f.  20-23.    (Scutellina). 

Nagasaki  (Lischke).     The  generic  names  Scutella  and  Scutellina 
being  preoccupied,  have  been  changed  as  follows : 
Scutella  Brod.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1834,  p.  47,  not  of  Lam.,  1816. 
Scutellina  Gray,  P.  Z.  S.,  1847,  p.  168,  not  of  Agassiz,  1841. 
Phenacolepas  PiUbry,  Nautilus,  v,  89,  Dec.,  1891. 

Phenacolepas  unguiformis  Gould.     Old.,  Otia,  p.  115;   Man.  Conch.,  XII,  p.  129. 
(Scutellina). 

Kagoshima  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

Phenacolepas    scobinatus   Gould.      Gld.,  Otia,  p.    115;  Man.  Conch.,   XII,  p.  129. 
(Scutellina). 

Ooshima  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

(Docoglossa). 
ACMJEIDJE. 

Acmsea  schrenckii  Lischke.     Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  p.  107,  pi.  8,  f  1-4. 
(plus  A.  concinna  Lischke). 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Ojima,  Yokohama  and  Hakodate  (Stearns). 

A  wonderfully  variable  limpet.  In  the  large  series  collected  at 
Ojima  the  typical  schrenkii  is  represented  by  several  varieties.  Some 
have  the  color  pattern  shown  in  Lischke's  figures,  others  a  coarsely 
tessellated  design ;  the  radial  riblets  being  either  smooth  or  finely 
beaded.  Another  variety  is  the  concinna  of  Lischke  (Jap.  Meeres- 
Conch.,  II,  pi.  6,  f.  16)  rounder  in  outline,  more  elevated,  and  all 
over  finely  beaded,  and  mostly  unicolored  blackish ;  but  many  in- 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  ACM^EID^.  Ill 

termediate  specimens  between  this  and  typical  schrenckii  occur. 
Still  another  form  is  smaller,  more  erect  and  elevated,  with  dull,  tes- 
sellated or  rayed  exterior,  and  subobsolete  radial  strise.  The  speci- 
mens from  Hakodate  are  rather  small.  All  of  the  forms  of  A. 
schrenckii  have  the  interior  stained  with  green  or  blue. 
Acmaea  heroldi  Dkr.  PI.  VI,  figs.  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18. 

Nagasaki  and  Deshima  (Lischke) ;  Kashi-azaki,  Boshiu,  Eno- 
shima, Sagami  (Stearns). 

Great  numbers  of  this  species  were  obtained  by  Mr.  Stearns.  It 
is  readily  distinguishable  from  all  forms  of  A.  schrenckii  by  the 
brown-black  and  white  (not  blue  or  green)  interior.  Dunker's  P. 
pygmcea  is  probably  a  synonym. 

A  white  variety,  ray-variegated  with   reddish-brown,  occurs  at 
Tokyo  Harbor  and  Kamakura  (Stearns). 
Acmaea  conulus  Dkr.    Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  pi.  9,  f.  17,  18. 

Yokohama,  Enoshima,  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns) ;  Deshima 
(Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Typical  specimens  agreeing  with  the  figures  cited  were  collected 
by  Mr.  Stearns. 

Acmaea  dorsuosa  Gould.     Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  45,  pi.  33,  f.  88  j  pi.  9,  f.  15,  16. 

Hakodate  (Gould)  ;  Ooshima  (Challenger)  ;  Enoshima  (Stearns). 
Acmaea  saccharina  Linne.  Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  pi.  36,  f.  60-64. 

Coast  of  Kii  (Stearns)  ;  Ooshima  (Challenger)  ;  Nagasaki 
(Lischke) ;  Deshima  (Nuhn). 

Many  specimens  were  collected,  agreeing  in  the  main  with  Reeve's 
Patella  lanx.  The  inside  has  a  wide  black  margin,  interrupted  at 
the  positions  of  the  principal  ribs  with  white.  Spatula  is  either 
stained  irregularly  with  brown,  or  has  a  large  black  patch  and 
numerous  dots,  somewhat  as  in  the  var.  stellaris  Q.  &  G. 
Acmaea  grata  Gould.  Otia  Conch.,  p.  115. 

North  shores  of  Nippon  (N.  P.  Exped.). 

Acmcea  patina  Esch.,  digitalis  Esch.  and  testudinalis  Mull.,  have 
been  reported  from  Japan,  see  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  II,  p.  93,  etc. 

LEPETIDJE. 

Lepeta  caeca  Mttller.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  68,  pi.  40,  f.  29-32. 
Northern  Japan  (Dkr.). 

Lepeta  (Cryptobranchia)  concentrica  Middendorff.      Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  p. 
69,  pi.  40,  f.  33-37. 

Northern  Japan,  Aleutian  Is. 


112  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  PATELLID^. 

PATELLIDJE. 
Patella  (Scutellastra)  stelleeformis  Reeve.    'Pilsbry,  Man.  of  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  98. 

Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.)  ;  Japan  (Stearns). 

The  specimens  are  like  pi.  17,  figs.  25,  27  of  Man.  Conch.,  rude 
and  irregular. 

Helcioniscus  nigrisquamatus  Reeve.     PI.  VII,  figs.  1,  2. 
Pilsbry,  Man.  of  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  125,  pi.  48,  f.  13-15. 

Coast  of  Prov.  Ise  (Stearns)  ;  Coast  of  Kii  (Stearns)  ;  Ogasawara, 
Benin  Is.  (Stearns). 

The  specimens  from  the  Province  of  Kii  are  small.  One  is  re- 
presented in  figs.  1,  2,  of  pi.  VII.  Those  from  Ise  are  larger,  agreeing 
well  with  Reeve's  figures,  and  his  type  may  very  likely  be  from  this 
region.  As  they  grow  older,  the  interior  loses  its  black-brown  spots. 
The  localities  "  Australia  "  and  "  Chili  "  previously  given  for  this 
species  are  false. 

Helcioniscus  nigrisquamatus  boninengis  Pils.     PI.  VII,  fig.  3. 
Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  131,  pi.  66,  f.  1,  2  ;  pi.  67,  f.  3. 

This  is  the  large  form  from  Bonin  Is.  (Stearns).  It  probably  in- 
tergrades  completely  with  nigrisquamatus,  but  all  the  specimens  I 
have  seen  have  a  larger  central  spatula.  A  very  elevated  individ- 
ual is  figured. 

Helcioniscus  Btearnsii  Pilsbry.    PI.  VII,  figs.  4,  5,  6. 
Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  132,  pi.  48,  f.  16-18. 

Coast  of  Prov.  of  Kii  (Stearns,  1890).  This  species  is  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  H.  nigrisquamatus  by  the  more  anteriorly  curved 
blunter  apex,  more  convex  posterior  slope,  etc.  The  central  spatula 
varies  from  chestnut  clouded  in  its  depth  with  creamy  to  cream 
color  clouded  with  brown.  It  is  more  solid  than  specimens  of  nigri- 
squamatus of  the  same  size. 

Helcioniscus  pallidut  Gld.    Man.  of  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  133,  pi.  67,  f.  9,  10.    P. 
lamanonii  Schrenck,  Amur!.,  pi.  14,  f.  6-9. 

Hakodate  (Stearns,  Stimpsou,  Schrenck,  Dkr.) ;  Yamada  Har- 
bor (Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  114). 

Helcioniscus  eucosmius  Pilsbry.     PI.  VII,  figs.  7,  8,  9,  10. 
Man.  Conch.,  XIII,  p.  148,  pi.  71,  f.  61-64. 

Enoshima  (Stearns)  ;  Hakodate  (Stearns). 

This  is  a  solider,  more  erectly  conical  species  than  H.  amussitata 
or  toreuma,  and  the  apex  is  less  directed  forward.  The  coloration, 
while  characteristic,  varies  greatly.  The  species  is  not  known  from 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  POLYPLACOPHORA.  113 

any  locality  outside  of  Japan.  It  is  a  very  abundant  form  at  Eno- 
shirna.  The  central  spatula  is  generally  deep  brown  with  a  lighter 
spot  in  the  cavity  of  the  apex,  but  sometimes  it  is  orange  (fig.  8)  or 
even  in  rare  cases  creamy. 

Helcioniscus  toreuma  Reeve.     Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  pi.  8,  f.  12-15 ;  II 

pi.  6,  f.  12. 

Nagasaki  (Stearns,  Lischke)  ;  Enoshima  (Stearns)  ;  Hakodate 
(Stearns)  ;  Banda,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

Even  Lischke's  splendid  series  of  figures  do  not  exhaust  the  color 
variations  of  this  Protean  limpet.  After  examining  several  hundred 
examples  I  am  unable  to  retain  P.  amussitata  Rv.  as  a  distinct  spe- 
cies. The  form  I  at  one  time  called  "  nigrolineata  var.  divergens  " 
is  also  merely  a  heavy,  large  toreuma. 

Helcioniscus  nigrolineatus  Reeve.      Lischke,  1.  c.,  I,  pi.  8,  f.  5-11 ;  II,  pi.  7,  f.  1- 

6. 

Enoshima  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.)  ; 
Toba,  S.-E.  of  Nippon  (St.  John). 

The  curious  variety  with  vermiculate  blackish  concentric  lines 
(Lischke,  pi.  8,  fig.  10)  was  also  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns. 

[NOTE.  Helcioniscus  exaratus  and  Patella  dypeaster  have  been 
reported  from  Japan,  but  on  insufficient  evidence  ;  a  specimen  of  H. 
testudinarius  L.  was  brought  from  Japan  by  Mr.  Stearns,  but  it 
probably  was  not  native  there]. 

AMPHINEURA. 
LEPIDOPLETJKIDJE. 

Lepidopleurus  fuliginatus  Adams  &  Reeve.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  10. 

Corea  (Ad.). 

Lepidopleurus  concinnus  Gould.     Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  11. 

Hakodate,  on  stones  and  shells  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

Lepidopleurus  (Deshayesiella)  curvatus  Carpenter.      Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV, 
p.  16. 

Okosiri  (A.  Ad.). 

ISCHNOCHITONID^:. 

Chaetopleura  asperior  Carpenter.     Man.  Conch,  xv,  p.  74,  pi.  15,  f.  38-41. 
Tonicella  marmorea  Fabr.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  41. 
Northern  Japan. 

Tonicella  submarmorea  Midd.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  42.     Catharina 
submarmorea  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  159.     Ch.  insignis  Rve. 
8 


114  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  POLYPLACOPHORA. 

Tonioella  lineata  Wood.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  42. 
Northern  Japan. 

Trachydermon  (Spongioradsia)  multidentatus  Cpr.    Pilsbry,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV, 
p.  85  ;  XV,  p. 

Bonin  Is.  (N.  P.  E.  K). 

Ischnochiton  (Stenoradsia)  lindholmi  Schrenck.    Schr.,  Reisen  im  Ainurlande,  II, 
p.  288,  pi.  12,  f.  9-16 ;  Pils.,  Man.,  XIV,  p.  85. 

Bay  of  Hakodate  (Schr.). 
I  have  not  seen  this  species. 

Ischnochiton  comptus  Gould.     Pile.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  117. 

Ooshima,  Bonin  and  Liukiu  Is.  (Stirap.). 

Ischnochiton  (Lepidozona)  mertensi  Midd.     Pils.,  Man.  XIV,  p.  125. 

Reported  from  Hakodate  by  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  158. 

Ischnochiton  (Lepidozona)  coreanicus  Adams  A  Reeve.    A.  A  R.,  Voy.  Samarang, 
pi.  15,  f.  9;  Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  129. 

Corean   Archipelago,   under  stones   (Ad.)  ;    Bay  of   Hakodate 
(Schrenck). 

Ischnochiton  (Lepidozona)  craticmlatus  Gould.      Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  84 
pi.  17,  f.  62,  63. 

China  Seas  or  Japan.        (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

Type  is  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum. 
Ischnochiton  cultratus  Carpenter.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  82,  pi.  17,  f.  57-59. 

Hakodate  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 
Type  is  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum. 

Ischnochiton  (Isohnoradsia)  hakodadensis  Carpenter.     Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV, 
p.  147,  pi.  19,  f.  64-66. 

Hakodate  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 
Type  is  in  Mus.  Phila.  Acad. 

Ischnoohiton  (Isohnoradsia)  albrechti  Schrenck.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  147, 
pi.  19,  f.  70-74.    Lepidoradia  granojiloaa  Cpr. 

Hakodate  (Schreuck)  ;  Endermo  Harbor  (St.  John,  Smith). 

Callistochiton  jacobaeus  Gould.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  267. 
Simoda  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

Nuttallina  alternata  Sowerby.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  281. 
Japan  (Cuming). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  DENTALIID^E.  115 

MOPALIIDJE. 

Mopalia  middendorffii  ^chrenck.    Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  301. 
Bay  of  Castries  (Schr.). 

Placiphorella  stimpsonii  Gould.     Pils.,  Man.  of  Conch.,  XIV,  p.  307,  pi.  62,  f.  84- 

87. 

Hakodate  Bay,  in  25  fms.  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 
ACANTHOCHITID2E. 

Acanthochites  rubrolineatus  Lischke.      Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  p.  73, 
pi.  5,  f.  12;  Pils.,  Man.,  XV,  p.  18. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  E.  coast  of  Japan  (Stearns). 
Acanthochites  achates  Gould.    Gld.,  Otia,  p.  118. 
Kikaia  and  Hakodate  Bay  (N.  P.  E.  E.). 

Acanthochites   defilippii  Tapparone-Canefri.       Pils.,   Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  19. 
Stectoplax  porrecta  Cpr.  mss. 

Yokohama  ("Magenta"). 
Acanthochites  circellatus  Adams  &  Reeve.    Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  180. 

I.  of  Quelpart,  Corean  Archipelago  (Ad.). 
Acanthochites  scutiger  Adams  <fc  Reeve.    Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  178. 

Cryptochiton   stelleri  Middendorff.      Pils.,  Man.  Conch.,  XV,  p.  48,  pi.  7,  f.  9-13  ; 
Smith,  Ann.  Mag.,  XVI,  1875,  p.  115. 

Endermo  Harbor  (St.  John,  Smith),  and  northward. 

Two  varieties  have  been  described   from  the   western   Pacific, 
violaceus  Nordm.  and  apicalis  Pils. 

CHITONID.E. 
Chiton  aquatilis  Reeve.     Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  73  ;  Pilsbry,  Man.,  XIV,  p.  169. 

Tsu-Shima. 

Probably  Ch.  densiliratus  Cpr.  (Pils.,  Manual,  p.  169)  is  a  syno- 
nym. 

Liolophura  japonica  Lischke.      Pils.,  Manual,  XIV,  p.  242,  pi.  52,  f.  41-44.     Ch. 
defilippii  Tap. -Can. 

Enoshima  (Stearns)  ;  Ooshima  (Challenger)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Liolophura  japonica  var.  tessellata  Pils.     Enoshima  (Stearns). 
Liolophura  loochooana  Brod.  &  Sowb.     Pils.,  Man.,  XIV,  p.  244. 
Loo  Choo  Is.  (Belcher). 

SCAPHOPODA. 
DENTALIIDJE. 

Dentalium  vernedei  Hanley.    Sowb.,  Thes.  Conch.,  Ill,  p.  101,  f.  3, 
Japan  (Dkr.). 


116  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PELECYPODA. 

Dentalium  octogonum  Lam.  Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  pi.  5,  f.  1-3.  Z). 
hexagonum  Gld.,  Lischke,!.  c.,  pi.  5,  f.  4-7;  D.  japonicum  Dkr.,  Ind.  Moll.  Mar. 
Jap.,  p.  153,  pi.  5,  f.  2. 

Kii  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Matozaand  Ooshima  Harbors,  6-8  fras.  (St. 
John). 

From  a  study  of  several  hundred  specimens  collected  by  Mr. 
Stearns  I  am  disposed  to  consider  octogonum,  hexagonum  and  japon- 
icum merely  forms  of  one  species.      The  development  of  interstitial 
longitudinal  riblets  is  very  variable. 
Dentalium  sexcostatum  Sby.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  113. 

Cape  Shima,  18  fath.,Goza  Harb.,  6  fath.,  sandy  mud  (St.  John). 
Dentalium  weinkauffi  Dunker.  Dkr.,  Index,  p.  153,  pi.  5,f.  1. 

Japan  (Dkr.)  ;  Bishiu  coast  (Stearns). 

In  the  specimens  before  me  the  longitudinal  riblets  do  not  extend 
so  far  toward  the  aperture  as  Dunker's  figure  shows. 
Dentalium  buooinulum  Old.    Otia  Conoh.,  p.  119. 

Kagoshima  (Stimpson). 
Dentalium  yokohamense  Watson.      Challenger  Gaatrop,  1873-6,  XV,  p.  11,  pi.  2,  f. 

Yokohama,  8  fathoms  (Chall.). 
Dentalium  semipolitum  Sby.    Ann.  Mag.,  1875,  XVI,  p.  113. 

Cape  Shima  and  Matoza  Harb.,  6-18  fath.  (St.  John). 

PELECYPODA. 
TELEODESMACEA. 

(Adesmacea.) 
TEREDINIDJE. 

Teredo  japonioa  Clessin.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  78,  pi.  20,  f.  9,  10. 
Japan. 

PHOLADIDJE. 
Pholas  (Barnea)  fragilis  Sowerby.    Thes.,  11,  p.  488,  f.  92, 93. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Pholas  (Barnea)  manilensis  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  51,  pi.  1,  f.  2. 

Numerous  fresh  specimens  collected  by  Stearns,  but  exact  locality 
unknown.  The  margins  of  the  gape  are  less  acutely  denticulate 
than  in  typical  examples,  and  more  concave.  These  differences  prob- 
ably indicate  a  distinct  race,  which  may  be  called  var.  inornata. 

Zirphaea  crispata  Linne,  Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  MYACEA.  117 

Jouannetia  cumingii  Sowb.    P.  Z.  S.,  1849,  p.  161,  pi.  5,  f.  3 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Parapholas  penita  Conrad.     Tokyo  (Dkr.). 

Parapholas  piriformis  Dunker.    Index,  p.  171,  pi.  14,  f.  7. 

Japan  (Dunker). 
Martesia  striata  Linne.     Japan  (Dunker). 

(Myaeea). 

GASTROCHJENIDJE. 
Gastrochaena  grandis  Desh.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  171,  pi.  14,  f.  10,  11. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Gastrocheena  mumia  Spengl.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

SAXICAVID.E. 

Glycimeris  generosa  Gld.  Japan  (Stearns). 
Glycimeris  japonica  A.  Adams.    Ad.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1849,  p.  170,  pi.  6,  f.  5. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Bay  of  Hakodate  (Gld.,  for  P.  fragilis 
Old.,  Otia  Conch.,  p.  163). 

Glycimeris  plicata  Mont.    Jeffreys,  Brit.  Conch.,  Ill,  p.  75,  pi.  3,  f.  2. 

Corea  Strait  (Jeffreys). 

Saxicava  arctica  Linn.    Ohosaka  (Lischke);  Hakodate  (Schrenck) ;  Nemoto,  Boshiu 
(Stearns). 

CORBTTLIDJE. 

Corbula  erythrodon  Lam. 

Prov.  Kii  (Stearns)  ;  Yokohama,  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Corbula  pallida  Hinds.    C.  Icon.,  f.  4. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Corbula  bifrons  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1860,  V,  p.  412. 

Strait  of  Corea,  63  fms.,  off  Mino-Shima;  Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 
Corbula  venusta  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  164 ;  Reisen  im  Amurl.,  pi.  25,  f.  1-4. 

Hakodate  Bay,  5-8  fathoms,  shelly  sand  (Stimpson). 
Corbula  cuneata  Hinds.     Moll.  Voy.  Sulphur,  pi.  20,  f.  6. 

Mososeki,  Kuro-Shima  (Ad.). 
Erodona  amurensis  Schrenck.     Reis.  im  Amurl.,  p.  584,  pi.  25,  f.  5-8. 

Northern  Japan. 
Erodona  labiata  Maton.    C.  Icon.,  Corbula,  sp.  28. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 


118  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  MACTRACEA. 

Basterotia  gouldii  A.  Ad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  178,  pi.  9,  f.  7-11. 

Seto-Uchi,  Yobuko,  Mososeki  (Ad.). 
Basterotia  stimpsonii  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1864,  p.  310 ;  1868,  p.  366. 

Mososeki ;  Akasi  (Ad.) 
Basterotia  reoluzi  A.  Ad.    Ibid.    Yobuko  (Ad.). 

MYACIDJE. 
Mya  arenaria  var.  japonioa  Jay.     Jay  in  Perry's  U.  8.  Japan  Exped.,  II,  pi.  1,  f. 

7, 10.  (+"  Mya  acuta  Say,"  Sowb.,  C.  Icon.,  XX,  pi.  3,  f.  12). 

East  coast  Nippon  (Stearns).  The  specimens  are  small,  thin, 
and  attenuated  posteriorly.  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Hakodate 
(Perry). 

Mya  trunoata  LinnC>.    Midd.,  Sib.  Reie.  II,  pi.  25,  f.  11-14.    Ochotch  Sea  (Midd.). 
Cryptomya  elliptioa  A.  Ad.     Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  7,  f.  17-19. 
Mososeki  (Ad.). 

Cryptomya  mindoroensis  Ads.  A  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  82,  pi.  23,  f,  13. 

Akasi  (Ad.). 

Cryptomya  deourtata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1868,  p.  366. 
Kuro-Shima  (Ad.). 

(Mactracea). 
MESODESMATIDJE. 

Paphia  striata  Chemn.    Japan  (Dkr.,  Index,  p.  195). 
Ervillia  japonioa  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1862,  p.  224. 
Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 

Ervillia  bisculpta  Gould.      Otia  Conch.,  p.  166 ;  (syn. :  E.  australis  Angas,  P.  Z.  S., 
1877,  p.  175,  pi.  26,  f.  21). 

Kagoshima,  5  fath.,  sand  (Stimpson). 
Ervillia  livida  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  166. 

Kagoshima  Bay,  5  fath.,  sand  (Stimp.). 
Caecella  chinensis  Desh.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  133,  pi.  10,  f.  5,  6. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Donacilla  piota  Dkr.    Index,  p.  195,  pi.  7,  f.  7-10. 

CABDILIIDJE. 
Cardilia  semisulcata  Desh.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  213,  pi.  8,  f.  1-3. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

MACTEIDJE. 
Mactra  sulcataria  Deshayes.    C.  Icon.,  f.  5. 

Nagasaki  and  Tokyo  Harbor  (Lischke) ;  Yokosko  Harbor  and 
Sagami  Bay  (Stearns)  ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  MACTRACEA.  119 

Mactra  ornata  Gray.     C.  Icon.,  f.  58. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Mactra  spectabilis  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  120,  pi.  11,  f.  1, 2. 

Kiushiu  (Lischke) ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Mactra  veneriformis  Deshayes.     C.  Icon.,  f.  2 ;  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  63,  pi.  22,  f.  3,  8a. 

Kiushiu,  Tokyo  Harbor  (Lischke).     Numerous  young  specimens 
taken  by  Stearns. 
Mactra  veneriformis  var.  zonata  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  121,  pi.  9,  f.  7,  8. 

Bay  ofYedo. 
Mactra  lurida  Phil.    Abbild.  II,  p.  136,  pi.  3,  f.  3. 

Luchu  Is. 
Mactra  crossei  Dkr.    Index,  p.  183,  pi.  7,  f.  1-4. 

Tokyo  (Rein). 
Mactra  bonneaui  Bernardi.    Journ.  de  Conch.,  1858,  p.  92,  pi.  2,  f.  2. 

Strait  of  Tartary  (Bern.) ;  Coast  of  Prov.  Kii  (Stearns).  It  is 
very  like  M.  veneroides. 

Mactra  straminea  Dkr.    Index,  p.  183,  pi.  7,  f.  5,  6. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Mactra  sachalinensis  Schrenck.     Amurlandes  Moll.,  p.  575,  t.  23,  f.  3-7 ;  (Syn. : 
M.  luhdorfii  Dkr.,  Novit.  Conch.,  p.  60,  pi.  20,  f.  a,  c. 

Hakodate,  used  very  commonly  for  food  (Stearns,  et  at). 

Spisula  grayana  Schrenck.    Phil.,  Abbild.,  I,  p.  165,  pi.  1,  f.  1,  as  M.  ponderosa, 
Ochotch  Sea  (Midd.). 

Eaeta  pulchella  Adams  &  Rve.      Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  23,  f.  1 ;  (Syn.  Jf.  rostralis 
Desh.,  C,  Icon.,  VIII,  Mactra,  f.  119). 

Off  Yokohama  in  8  to  14  fathoms  (Chall.)  ;  Yokohama  (Stearns). 
Eaeta  pellicula  Desh.     C.  Icon.,  f.  124.    Japan  (Cuming). 
Eaeta  yokohamensis  n.  sp.     PI.  Ill,  figs.  4,  5. 

Shell  small,  thin,  fragile,  white,  inflated,  ovate-triangular ;  beaks 
somewhat  posterior.  Anterior  end  broad,  rounded,  posterior  end 
very  narrow,  triangular  ;  beaks  and  dorsal  slopes  of  valves  coarsely 
concentrically  corrugated ;  median  and  lower  portion  of  valves 
smooth.  Lunule  large ;  chondrophore  small,  but  little  projecting. 
Adductor  and  pallial  impressions  not  distinguishable.  Length  17, 
alt.  12,  diam.  8J  mm. 

Yokohama  (Stearns). 


120  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  8OLENACEA. 

Eastonia  (Merope)  aegyptiaca  Chemn.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Tresui  nuttalli  Conrad.    Midd.,  Mai.  Ross.,  Ill,  pi.  19,  f.  1-4  (maxima  Midd.). 

Yedo  (Lischke);  Hakodate  (Stimp.)  ;  Yokohama  Bay  (Stearns). 
Lutraria  maxima  Jonas.    C.  Icon.,  Lutraria,  f.  11. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Lutraria  arcuata  Desh.    C.  Icon.,  f.  6. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Lutraria  sieboldi  Desh.    C.  Icon.,  VIII,  f.  15. 

Japan  (Cuming). 
Lutraria  lucida  Gld.  Otia  Conch.,  p.  168. 

Kagoshiraa  (Stimpson). 

(Solenacea). 
SOLENIDJE. 
Solen  grandis  Dunker.    Novit.  Conch.,  p.  71,  pi.  24,  f.  5. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Japan  (Stearns). 
Solen  linearis  Chemnitz.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  23,  pi.  9,  f.  4. 

Japan  (Dunker). 

Solen  oornens  Lamarck.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  9,  pi.  3,  f.  8,  9. 
Japan  (Dunker). 

Solen  gouldii  Conrad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  173,  pi.  16,  f.  11. 

Nagasaki,  Hakokate  (Stearns)  ;  Enoshima. 

Solen  sicarius  Gould.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  24,  pi.  9,  f.  1. 

Japan  Sea  (Dunker). 
Solen  gracilis  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  165 ;  C.  Icon.,  XIX,  pi.  4,  f.  17. 

Hakodate,  sandy  beaches  (Stimpson). 
Solen  strictus  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  165. 

Hakodate  Bay  (Stimpson). 

Solen  incertus  Clessin.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  31,  pi.  12,  f.  8. 

Hakodate  (?). 
Solen  krusengternii  Schrenck.    Reisen  im  Amurl.,  II,  p.  594,  pi.  25,  f.  9-12. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck)  ;  Akashi  Bay  (Stearns). 
Cultellus  attenuatus  Dkr.    Novit.  Conch.,  p.  72,  pi.  24,  f.  4. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Cultellus  marmoratus  Dunker.     Index,  p.  174,  pi.  7,  f.  24. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TELLINACEA.  121 

XJultellus  philippianus  Bunker.     Index,  p.  174,  pi.  7,  f.  23. 
Japan  (Dunker). 

Cultellus  cultellus  Linne.     Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Siliqua  pulchella  Dunker.     Novit.  Conch.,  p.  20,  pi.  6,  f.  4,  5. 

Kiushiu   and   Bay  of  Yedo   (Lischke) ;    between    Tokyo   and 
Ooshima  (Stearns). 
•Siliqua  japonica  Dunker.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  63,  pi.  18,  f.  5. 

Japan  (Dkr.).     Is  it  identical  with  the  preceding  ? 
Siliqua  sodalis  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  165. 

Hakodate  Bay  (Stimpson). 

Siliqua  minima  Gmelin.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.   68,  pi.  5,  f.  1,  2.  (Syn. :  S-  albidus 
A.  &  R.,  Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  23,  f.  15). 

Japan  Sea  (Dunker). 

Solecurtus  constrictus  Lamarck.     Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  7,  f.  25. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

.Solecurtus  (Macha)  divaricata  Lischke.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  175,  pi.  7,  f.  26;  Lischke, 
J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  142,  pi.  10,  f.  1,  2. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea ;  Enoshima  (Stearns). 
(Tellinaeea). 
DONACIDJE. 
Donax  australis  Lam.     Roemer,  Monogr.  Donacidse,  pi.  17,  f.  4-6. 

Boshiu  (Stearns).     Most  of  the  specimens  are  deep  purple  within, 
like  Homer's  figure  of  D.  deshayesii  Dkr. 
Donax  bicolor  Gmelin.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  pi.  16,  f.  12-16. 

Nagasaki   (Lischke) ;   Yokohama   (Martens).      These  localities 
probably  pertain  to  specimens  which  agree  with  Reeve's  figures,  and 
are,  according  to  Bertin,  D.  australis. 
Donax  dysoni  Deshayes.     C.  Icon.,  VIII,  f.  54. 

Nagasaki,  Tokyo  Harbor  (Lischke)  ;  Yokohama  Harbor  (Mar- 
tens). 

Donax  introradiatus  Reeve.     C.  Icon.,  f.  65  ;  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  75,  pi.  13,  f.  5-8. 

Japan  (Homer). 
Donax  semigranosus  Dkr.     Index,  p.  193,  pi.  7,  f.  14,  15,  16  (1882). 

Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns).  Some  specimens  are  yellow  outside  ;  but 
the  prevailing  form  is  yellow-stained  white,  with  blue  markings 
toward  the  beaks,  and  more  or  less  purple  inside.  I  am  disposed  to 
believe  this  species  a  color  variety  of  D.  proximus  Bertin. 


122  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  TELLINACEA. 

Donaz  proximus  Berlin.     Nouv.  Arch,  du  Mus.,  1881,  p.  100,  pi.  3,  f.  2  a,  c. 

Japan  (Allart,  Stearns). 

PSAMMOBIID.E. 

Asaphis  deflorata  Linn.'. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  the  oriental  species  is  really  Linnaeus'  form, 
which  may  be  the  same  as  the  West  Indian  species  A.  coccinea  Mar- 
tyn.  If  this  be  the  case,  the  East  Asian  Asaphis  may  be  more  prop- 
erly called  A.  ruyosa  Lam. 

Stearns  procured  specimens  in  Japan  (exact  locality  unknown), 
and  in  the  Loo  Choo  group. 

Psammobia  bipartita  Phil.    Conch.  Cab.,  VI,  p.  100,  pi.  10,  f.  92. 
Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke,  P.  ccerulescens). 

Psammobia  occidens  Chemn.    C.  Icon.,  f.  11.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Psammobia  oriens  Desh.    C.  Icon.,  f.  1.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Psammobia  ornata  Desh.    C.  Icon.,  f.  26.     Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Psammobia  corrugata  Deah.    C.  Icon.,  f.  9.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Psammobia  radiata  Dkr.      Abbild.,  I,  p.  94,  pi.  2,  f.  5  (P.  amethystus  Rve..  C. 
Icon.,  f.  19). 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Soletellina  ohinensis  Chemn.  C.  Icon.,  f.  9,  as  S.  truncata. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Soletellina  boeddinghausi  Lischke.  J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  118,  pi.  9,  f.  9. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Soletellina  violaoea  Lam.    C.  Icon.,  f.  4.     Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Soletellina  dephos  Linne.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  VI,  p.  68,  pi.  7,  f.  53,  54. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Soletellina  moesta  Lischke.  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  99,  pi.  8,  f.  4-6. 

Yedo  (Lischke).  One  specimen  collected  by  Stearns  measures 
38  mm.  long. 

Soletellina  atrata  Desh.    C.  Icon.,  f.  14.    Tokyo  (Dkr.). 

Soletellina  olivacea  Jay.    J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  131 ;  III,  p.  98,  pi.  8,  f.  7-12. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Perry)  ;  near  Sakai,  Inland 

Sea  (Stearns). 

Soletellinajaponica  Desh.    C.  Icon.,  f.  16.    Japan  (Siebold). 

Soleteilina  nuttalli  Conr.    Journ.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phila.,  1837,  pi.  17,  f.  6 ;  Psam. 
decora  Hinds,  Voy.  Sulphur,  pi.  9,  f.  6,  7. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck,  Stimpson). 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  TELLINACEA.  123 

SEMELIDJE. 
Semele  zebuensis  Hanley.    C.  Icon.,  VIII,  Amphidesma,  f.  25. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Semele  sinensis  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  f.  28.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Semele  californica  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  f.  19;  Schrenck,  Ainurl.  Moll.,  pi.  22,  f.  10. 

Strait  of  Tartary. 
Semele  hanleyi  Angas.    P.  Z.  S.,  1878,  p.  859,  pi.  54,  f.  1. 

Japan  (Belcher). 
Semele  duplicata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  166. 

Kagoshima  Bay,  6  fath.,  sand  (Stimp.). 
Theora  lubrica  Gld.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  181,  pi.  7,  f.  20-22. 

Hakodate  Bay,  in  6  fath.,  mud  (Stimpson). 
Theora  iridescens  Hinds.    Chall.  Lamell,  XIII,  p.  89,  pi.  V,  f.  6,  6f. 

Yobuko  (A.  Adams). 

Theora  fragilis  A.  Ad.  P.  Z.  S.,  1855,  p.  226.  Japan. 
Endopleura  nitida  Gld.  Otia,  p.  162.  Japan  (A.  Ad.). 
lacra  japonica  A.  Ad.  Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1864,  p.  308. 

Oki-no-Shima  (Ad.). 

Leptomya  spectabilis  Hanley.     P.  Z.  S.,  1882,  p.  576;  Jour.  Lin.  Soc.,  XVI,  1883, 
pi.  12,  f.  7. 

Japan  ?  (Mus.  Hanley). 

Leptomya  cochlearis  Hinds.  Goto,  Seto-Uchi  (A.  Ad.). 
Leptomya  adunoa  Gld.  (Scrobicularia).  Otia,  p.  167.  Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 

TELLINIDJE. 

Tellina  perna  Spengl.    Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns). 
Tellina  vulsella  Chemn.    C.  Icon.,  f.  56. 

Kiushiu  and  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Japan  (Stearns). 
Tellina  pulcherrima  Sowb.    Tank.  Cat.  App.,  pi.  1,  f.  1. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Tellina  staurella  Lam.  Japan  (Stearns). 

Kiisters'  Conchyl.  Cab.,  Tellinidse,  p.  19,  pi.  2,f.  11-13  ;  pi.  7,  f. 
6-8.     "  T.  eruciata  Spengl,". 

Tellina  galatea  Lam.    Abbild.,  I,  p.  71,  pi.  1,  f.  1  ( T.  sericina). 
Tellina  diaphana  Desh.     Conchy!.  Cab.,  p.  47,  pi.  13,  f.  7,  8,  9. 

Nagasaki  (Birileff). 


124  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  TELLINACEA. 

Tellina  ovalis  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  f.  105.    Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Tellina  jedoensis  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  92,  pi.  9,  f.  1-3. 
Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 

Tellina  rosea  Spongier.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  57,  pi.  16,  f.  1,  2,  3. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck). 
Tellina  compressissima  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  328.    Japan. 

Tellina  venulosa  Schrenck.  (lutea  Gray).    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  121,  pi.  28,  f.  8-10; 
Midd.  Sib.  Reise,  pi.  21,  f.  2,  3. 

Hakodate  and  northward  (Schrenck). 
Tellina  nux  Hanley.    Thes.,  I,  p.  251,  pi.  56,  f.  33. 

Deshima  (Dkr.). 
Tellina  lubrica  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  167. 

Hakodate  Bay,  6  fath.,  mud  (Stirap.). 
Gastrana  yantaiensis  Crosse  A  Debeauz.    J.  C.,  1863,  pi.  9,  f.  2. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Gastrana  japonica  v.  Martens.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  275,  pi.  51,  f.  5-8,  9. 

Yokokama  Harbor. 
Aroopagia  siamensis  Martens.    P.  Z.  S.,  1860,  p.  18. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns).     A  short  form. 
Macoma  nasuta  Conrad.    Conchy].  Cab.,  p.  229,  pi.  44,  f.  5-8. 

Hakodate. 

Macoma  inquinata  Desh.,  T.  incongrua  v.  Martens.     J.  M.  < '..  II,  pi.  10,  f.  12,  13 
Yokohama  Bay,  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Prov.  Kii  (Stearns). 

Tellina  (Angulus)  nitidula  Dunker.     Moll.  Jap.,  p.  27,  pi.  3,  f.  14;  J.  M.  C.,  II, 
pi.  10,  f.  10,  11. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  Deshima  (Dkr.) ;  Yokohama  (Martens)  ; 
Kamakura  (Stearns). 

Tellina  rhomboides  Q.  &  G.    Astrol.,  Ill,  p.  502,  pi.  81,  f.  4-7. 

Bay  of  Yedo. 
Tellina  (Angulus)  pallidula  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  114,  pi.  10,  f.  6,  7. 

Nagasaki  (Rein). 
Tellina  rutila  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  27,  pi.  3,  f.  6. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Yokohama  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Birileff ). 
Tellina  iridella  v.  Martens.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  114,  pi.  10,  f.  8,  9. 

Nagasaki  and  Tokyo  Bays  (Lischke) ;  Kamakura  (Stearns). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  VENERACEA.  125 

Tellina  iridescens  Bens.    Thes.,  I,  p.  286,  pi.  58,  f.  88. 

South  Japan  (Lischke). 
Tellina  minuta  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  94,  pi.  9,  f.  4-6. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Tellina  praetexta  v.  Martens.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  239,  pi.  45,  f.  8-10. 

Yokohama  Bay  (Martens)  ;  Nagasaki,  Yedo  (Lischke) ;  E.  coast 
below  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 
Macoma  ala  Hanley.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  236,  pi.  45,  f.  5-7. 

Japan  (Hanley). 
Macoma  dissimilis  v.  Martens.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  115,  pi.  10,  f.  15-17. 

Tokyo  Bay  (Martens). 
Macoma  edentula  Brod.  et  Sowerby.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  224,  pi.  43,  f.  7-10. 

North  Japan. 
Macoma  truncata  Jonas.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  248,  pi.  47,  f.  4-6. 

Tokyo  Bay  (Lischke). 

Macoma  praemitis  Romer.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  257,  pi.  48,  f.  7-9. 

Japan  (Roemer,  Stearns). 
Macoma  inconspicua  Broderip  et  Sowerby.     Conchy].  Cab.,  p.  220,  pi.  42,  f.  7-10. 

Hakodate. 
Macoma  lenticularis  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  f.  342.    Japan. 

Macoma  secta  Conr.     (T.  japonica  Desh).    Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke) ;  Sakai,  Inland 

Sea  (Stearns). 

(  Veneracea). 
GLAUCOMYIDJE, 

Glaucomya  angulata  Reeve.    Odawara  (Stearns). 

PETRICOLIDJE. 

Petricola  japonica  Dkr.    Index,  p.  209,  pi.  9,  f.  4-6. 

Kisenuraa  (Dkr.). 
Petricola  aequistriata  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  XIX,  f.  19. 

Hamagoi,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

VENEEID2E. 

Dosinia  japonica  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  17. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck)  ;  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Dosinia  troscheli  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  89,  pi.  8,  f.  1-3. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns) ;  Southern  Japan  (Lischke). 


126  JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  VENERACEA. 

Losinia  biscocta  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  55. 

Seto-Uchi,  Mososeki  (A.  Ad.). 
Dosinia  gruneri  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  23,  pi.  8,  f.  2. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Dosinia  bilunulata  Gray.     Roemer,  Mon.  Dosinia,  in  Novit.  Conch.,  pi.  16,  f.  1. 

Yokohama ;  Sagama  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Dosinia  laminata  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,f.  14.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Dosinia  sieboldi  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  39.    Japan  (Siebold). 
Dosinia  serioea  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  36.    Seto-Uchi  (A.  Ad.). 

Dosinia  angulosa  Phil.    Abbild.,  II,  p.  229,  pi.  6,  f.  1  (Artemis penicillata  Rve.,  C. 
Icon.,  f.  33). 

Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Dosinia  traillii  A.  Adams.     P.  Z.  S.,  1855,  p.  223. 

Yokohama  (Ad.). 
Dosinia  histrio  Ginel.    Goto  (Ad.). 
Dosinia  gibba  A.  Ad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  204,  pi.  8,  f.  4-6. 

Tatiyama  (A.  Ad.). 

Dosinia  orbiculata  Dkr.     Index,  p.  204,  pi.  8,  f.  12-14. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cyolina  orientalis  Sowerby.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  113,  pi.  28,  f.  7-9. 

Yokohama  (Stearns). 
Cyclina  splendida  Roemer.    P.  Z.  S.,  1860,  p.  124. 

Japan  (Cuming). 
Cyclina  bombycina  Roeraer.    P.  Z.  S.,  I860,  p.  124. 

Japan  (Cuming). 

Cyolina  flavida  Desh.    Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Cyolina  chinensis  Chemn.    C.  Icon.,  f.  6. 
Yokohama  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki,  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 

Lucinopsis  divaricata  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  90,  pi.  7,  f.  12-14. 
Yedo,  (Lischke). 

Lucinopsis  decussata  Phil.     Enum.  Moll.  Sicil.,  I,  p.  22,  pi.  3,  f.  5. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Meretrix  meretrix  Linne.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  15,  pi.  3,  f.  4,  5,  6,  8.  9. 

Yedo,  Hakodate,  Yokohama  (Lischke). 
Meretrix  morphina  Lam.     Nagasaki,  Simoda,  Yokohama  (A.  Ad.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  VENERACEA.  127 

Meretrix  lusoria  Chemn.      Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;  East  coast,  from  Tokyo  to  Idzumi 

(Stearns). 

Meretrix  (Callista)  limatula  Sowb.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Meretrix  (Callista)  festiva  Sowb.     Japan  (Dkr.). 

Meretrix  (Callista)  chinensis  Chemn.  S.  coast  of  Kii  (Stearns) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Meretrix  (Callista)  squalida  Sowb.    Northern  Japan  (Schrenck). 
Meretrix  (Callista)  pannosa  Sowb.     Northern  Japan  (Schrenck). 
Meretrix  (Callista)  inflata  Sowb.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Meretrix  (Callista)  indecora  Phil.    Roemer,  Monogr.,  I,  p.  81,  pi.  24,  f.  1. 
Nagasaki  (Birileff). 

Lioconcha  fulminea  Bolt.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Lioconcha  ornata  Dillw.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Tivela  damaoides  Gray.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  200. 

Oki-no-Shiraa  (Ad.). 

Tivela  radiata  Sowerby.    Tartary  Strait  (Schrenck). 
Sunetta  excavata  Hanley. 

Bay  of  Yedo  and  coast  of  Kiushiu  (Lischke)  ;  Satanomosaki  and 
Kuro-Shima  (A.  Ad.)  ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck)  ;  Yokohama,  Kama- 
yama,  Seta  coast  (Stearns). 

Sunetta  menstrualis  Menke.    Conchyl.  Cab ,  p.  85,  pi.  29,  f.  10-12. 
Japan  (Reeve). 

dementia  papyracea  Gray.     Sowerby,  Thes.  Conch.,  p.  700,  pi.  151,  f.  155. 

Japan  (A.  Adams  and  Dkr.). 
dementia  similis  Sowb.    Thes.,  II,  p.  700,  pi.  151,  f.  154.    Tatiyama  (Ad.). 

Venus  (Mercenaria)  stimpsoni  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  169. 
Hakodate,  6  fath.  (Stimpson). 

Venus  toreuma  Gld.    Expl.  Exped.,  f.  537. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Goto  Is.  and  Satanomosaki  (Ad.). 

Venus  jedoensis  Lischke.    Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  pi.  7,  f.  1-9. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Yokohama  (Stearns). 

Venus  lamellaris  Schumacher.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  142,  pi.  8,  f.  10, 11. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Venus  resticulata  Sowb.    Thes.,  II,  p.  706,  pi.  153,  f.  23. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Venus  reticulata  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 


128  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  VENERACEA. 

Venus  puellula  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  169. 

Oushiraa  (Stimp.). 
Cryptogramma  squamosa  Linne".    Thes.,  II,  pi.  156,  f.83,  84. 

Cnpe  Nomo,  Kiushiu  (Ad.). 
Cryptogramma  roemeri  Dkr.    Moll.  Jap.,  p.  26,  pi.  3,  f.  10. 

Deshima  (Nuhn)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Chione  marica  Linne".    C.  Icon.,  Venus,  f.  104. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Tsu-Shima,  Mososeki  (Ad.). 
Chione  crenifera  Sowb.    Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 
Chione  intersecta  Sowb.    Seto-Uchi  (Ad.). 
Chione  striata  Chemnitz.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  127,  pi.  5,  f.  12-14. 

Japan  Sea. 

Chione  astartoides  Beck.     Northern  Japan  (Shrenck). 
Chione  foliacea  Chemn.    Abbild.,  II,  pi.  5,  f.  1. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Chione  isabellina  Phil.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Chione  calophylla  Phil.   Japan  (Dkr.). 
Chione  oardioides  Lain.    Oki-no-Shima  (Ad.). 
Chione  histrionica  Brod.  A,  Sby.    Hakodate  (Ad.). 
Chione  scabra  Hanley. 

Between  Is.  of  Sikoku  and  Nippon,  50  fathoms,  and  Kobe",  8-50 
fathoms  (Challenger). 
Chione  roscida  Gld.    Otia  Conoh.,  p.  169. 

Oushima,  15  fath.,  sand  (Stimp.). 
Chione  undulata  Born. 

Between  Is.  of  Sikoku  and  Nippon,  50  fathoms,  sand  hottom  (Chal- 
lenger). 

Circe  scripta  Linne.     Dunker,  Index,  p.  201. 

Kishiu  (Stearns). 

Circe  divaricata  Cheran.    Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Circe  aequivoca  Chemn.    Simidsu  (A.  Ad.). 
Circe  dispar  Chemn.     Roemer,  Venus,  p.  184,  pi.  50,  f.  1. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Tago,  Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 

Circe  gibbia  Lam.  Japan  (A.  Ad.). 
Gouldia  dilecta  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  170. 
Kagoshima  (Stimp.). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  VENERACEA.  129 

Venerupis  monstrosa  Chemn. 

Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns) ;   Bay  of  Yedo    (Lischke)  ;   Tsu-Shima, 
Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 

Venerupis  irus  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns). 
Venerupis  semipurpurea      Dkr.'Index,  p.  208. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns).     Hardly  distinct  from  Japanese  speci- 
mens referred  to  the  preceding  species. 

Venerupis  insignis  Desh.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Venerupis  exotica  Lam.     Delessert,  Recueil,  pi.  5,  f.  3. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Venerupis  macrophylla  Desh.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Tapes  exaratus  Phil.    Abbild.,  II,  p.  109,  pi.  5,  f.  6. 
Kuro-Shima  (Ad.). 

Tapes  liratus  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  76.  pi.  7,  f.  5. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Tapes  sulcarius  Lam.      Japan  (Dkr.). 
Tapes  undulatus  Born.    Abbild.,  Ill,  pi.  7,  f.  7  (V.  rimosa). 
Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Tatiyama  (A.  Ad.). 

Tapes  euglyptus  Phil.     Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  76,  pi.  7,  f.  3  j  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  80,  pi.  6,  f. 
8-11. 

'  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Tapes  schnellianus  Dkr.     Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  80,  pi.  6,  f.  1-4;  Dkr.,  Novit. 

Conch.,  p.  75,  pi.  25,  f.  7-9. 

Nagasaki,  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Tapes  amabilis  Philippi.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  82,  pi.  6,  f.  5-7. 

Tago  (Adams) ;  Shidaka  coast  (Stearns).    Some  specimens  are 
marked  with  from  two  to  four  radial  series  of  purple-brown  blotches. 

Tapes  vernicosa  Grid.     Otia  Conch.,  p.  168. 

Kagoshima  Bay  and  off  Hakodate  Cape,  20  fath.,  coarse  sand 
(Stimp.)  ;  Tatiyama  (A.  Ad.). 

Tapes  greeffei  Dkr.     Index,  p.  207,  pi.  8,  f.  15-17. 
Kagoshima  (Dkr.). 

Tapes  semirugata  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  76,  pi.  7,  f.  4. 

Near  Sakai,  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
9 


130  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  VENERACEA. 

Tapes  punctata  Chemnitz. 

Japan  (Stearns).  Several  specimens  agreeing  well  with  Reeve's 
fig.  16a  ("radiata"). 

Tapes  philippinarum  Adams  <k  Reeve.      Ad.  A  Rv.,  Voy.  Samarang,  pi.  22,  f.  10; 
Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  pi.  5,  f.  17-26 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  coast  from  Tokyo  to  Ojima  (Stearns) ; 
Seta  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki,  Hakodate  (Lischke). 

Some  specimens  agree  well  in  color  with  the  figure  in  the  Sama- 
raug  Zoology  ;  others  show  lines  and  zigzags.  The  typical  form  is 
deep  purple  in  the  pallial  sinus  and  its  vicinity.  The  var.  ducalis 
Roemer,  id  entirely  white  within.  Lischke  does  not  recognize 
Roemer's  form  as  distinct. 

Tapes  variegatus  Hanley.    Thes.,  II,  p.  ft96,  pi.  151,  f.  133-138. 
Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Tapes  bruguieri  Hanley.     Kino-o-Shima  (Ad.). 
Saxidomus  purpuratus  Desh. 

Yedo  (Lischke) ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck) ;  Seto-Uchi,  Mososeki  (A. 
Ad.)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns). 

Gomphina  donacina  Chemnitz.      Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  185,  pi.  23,  f.  1,  2. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Gomphina  melanaegis  Roemer.     Novit.  Conch.,  p.  40,  pi.  12,  f.  12,  13;  Jap.  Meerea- 
Com-.h.,  Ill,  pi.  7,  f.  10,  11. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Gemma  gemma  Totten.     Aniwa  Bay  (A.  Ad.). 

(Isocardiacea). 
ISOCARDIIDJE. 
Isocardia  tetragona  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  76,  pi.  22,  f.  1. 

Japan  Sea. 

Isooardia  moltkiana  Chemn.     Ibid,  pi.  22,  f.  3. 
Corea  Strait. 

(  Tridacnacea). 

TEIDACNIDJE. 

Hippopus  maculatus  Linn.     S.  Japan  (Stearns). 
Tridacna  squamosa  Lam.    Ohosaka,  Hiogo  (Lisohke). 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  CARDIACEA.  131 

(  Cardiacea). 
CARDIID2E. 

Cardium  burchardi  Dkr.    Index,  p.  210,  pi.  18,  f.  4-6. 

Sagami  (Dkr.). 
Cardium  californiense  Desh.    Mai.  Ross.,  p.  40,  pi.  15,  f.  23-25. 

E.  coast,  Tokyo  to  Ojima  (Stearns) ;  Hakodate  (Lischke). 
Cardium  arenicola  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  78. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Cardium  exasperatum  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  f.  107. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cardium  modestum  Ads.  &  Rve.    Zool.  Samarang,  p.  77,  pi.  22,  f.  6. 

Cardium  muticum  Reeve.    Reeve,  Concb.  Icon.,  II,  f.  32 ;  Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  3,  f. 

16  (japonicum). 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki,  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Deshima 
(Dkr.) ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

Cardium  papyraceum  Chemn.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  78,  pi.  3,  f.  4,  and  pi.  12,  f.  19,  20. 

Nagasaki,  Tokyo,  Hakodate. 
Cardium  apertum  Chemn.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  173;  III,  p.  106. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Cardium  liratum  Sowb.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  212.     Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cardium  retusum  Linne.     C.  Icon.,  II,  f.  103.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cardium  groenlandicum  Chem.     Tartary  Strait  (Lindholm). 
Cardium  beechei  Ads.  &  Rve.     Index,  p.  212,  pi.  15  f.  1-3. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

(Leptonaeea). 
GALEOMMIDJE. 
Scintilla  thoracica  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  174. 

Oushima  (Stimpson). 

Galeomma  japonicum  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  228. 
Mino-Shima,  63  fras.  (Ad.). 

LEPTONIDJE. 
Kellia  pumila  S.  Wood.     Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  XIV,  p.  421. 

Corea  Strait  (St.  John). 
Kellia  subsinuata  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  136,  pi.  X,  f.  1-3. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 


132  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  LUCINACEA. 

Kellia  undulata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  173. 

Kagoshima  (Stimpson). 
Kellia  japonica  n.  sp.    PI.  Ill,  figs.  18,  19. 

Shell  quadrate-rounded,  subequilateral,  inflated,  olive-straw  col- 
ored  around  the  basal  and  end  margins,  becoming  corneous  on  the 
convexity  and  beaks,  this  portion  dark  bluish-brown  when  the  soft 
parts  are  dried  in.  Surface  shining,  with  delicate  growth-striae. 
Beaks  rather  prominent,  contiguous,  slightly  anterior;  hinge  and 
basal  margins  slightly  curved.  Interior  white,  bluish  in  the  cavity. 
Teeth  as  in  K.  laperousii  but  rather  stronger,  the  cardinals  squarer, 
the  posterior  lamella  strong,  short,  high  and  triangular.  Length 
12,  alt.  10  5,  diam.  6'5  mm. 

Japan  (F.  Stearns). 

It  is  less  elongated  than  the  nearly  allied  K.  laperousii  with  less 
oblique  cardinal  teeth. 
Montacuta  divaricata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  173. 

Hakodate,  on  the  spines  of  a  Spatangus  (Stimpson). 

Lasea  rubra  Mont.     Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  XIV,  p.  420. 

Corea  Strait  (St.  John)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Lepton  subrotundum  Dkr.     Index,  p.  219,  pi.  14,  f.  12, 13. 

Tokyo  (Dkr.). 

Lepton  japonioum  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  228. 
Tabu  Shima  (Ad.). 

Lepton  sulcatulum  Jeffreys.    Journ.  Linn.  Soo.  Zool.,  XIV,  p.  420. 

Corea  Strait  (St.  John). 
Theoodonta  sieboldi  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1864,  p.  309. 

Goto  Is.  (A.  Ad.). 

(Lucinacea). 
DIPLODONTIDJE. 
Diplodonta  semiaspera  Phil.    Archiv,  f.  Naturg.,  I,  1836,  p.  225,  pi.  7,  f.  2. 

Nagasaki  (Dkr.).     Lucina  orbella  Gld.  which  Dkr.  quotes  as  a 
synonym  is  a  totally  distinct  Diplodonta.     Probably  Dunker's  shells 
are  the  same  as  the  following  species.      Lischke  quotes  D.  orbella 
from  Nagasaki,  Bay  of  Yedo  and  Yokohama. 
Diplodonta  (?  semiaspera  var.)  japonica.    PI.  Ill,  figs.  6,  7. 

Anterior  end  more  produced  and  more  narrowly  rounded  than  in 
semiaspera;  hinge  straighter,  narrower;  anterior  half  (or  less)  of 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  LUCINACEA.  133 

valves  and  a  small  posterior  segment  concentrically  costulate,  the 
rest  having  the  costulae  interrupted  into  long  granules  ;  no  lunule. 
Length  17i,  breadth  15  J,  diam.  133  mm.,  sometimes  larger. 

9  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns  in  Japan,  exact  locality  un- 
known. 
Diplodonta  (Mysia)  figlina  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  171. 

E.  coast  Japan,  Lat.  37°,  in  coarse  black  sand,  20  fath.  (Stimp.). 
Diplodonta  (Felania)  usta  Gld.  Otia  Conch.,  p.  170. 

Hakodate  Bay,  8  fath.,  sandy  mud  (Stimpson). 
Axinus  japonious  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  227  (Cryplodori). 

Okosiri  (Ad.). 

Axinus  oblongus,  plicatus  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     Mino-Shima(Ad.). 
Axinus  flexuosus  Mont.     Corea  Strait  (St.  John). 
Axinus  suborbicularis  A.  Ad. 

LUCINIDJE. 
Lucina  contraria  Dkr.    Index,  p.  215,  pi.  13,  f.  12-14. 

Tokyo  (Dkr.). 

Lucina  divergens  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  103,  pi.  2,  f.  4.     (L.  fibula  A.  &  R.,  Zool. 
Samarang,  pi.  24,  f.  5,  teste  Dkr.). 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Lucina  parvula  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  174. 

Hakodate,  6-20  fath.,  sand  (Stimp.). 
Lucina  pisidium  Dkr.     Moll.  Jap.,  p,  28,  pi.  3,  f.  9. 

Deshima  (Dkr.)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke).  Stearns  collected  larger 
specimens,  8?x8£  mm.  at  Tokyo  Harbor.  It  does  not  seem  to  differ 
from  L.  parvula  Gld.  of  which  one  of  the  original  specimens  is  be- 
fore me. 

Lucina  quadrisulcata  d'Orbigny  (?).     Tartary  Strait  (Dkr.). 
Lucina  corrugata  Dkr.    Index,  p.  216,  pi.  8,  f.  9-11. 

Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 

Loripes  philippiana  Reeve.     C.  Icon.,  Ludna,  f.  23  (Venus  edentula  L.,  of  Phil, 
and  Dkr.). 

Loripes  bialata  n.  sp.     PI.  Ill,  figs.  13,  14. 

Shell  resembling  the  West  Indian  L.  edentula,  but  thinner,  more 
ventricose,  beaks  larger  above  the  hinge-line,  hinge  straighter,  the 
ligament-plate  much  shorter  and  narrower.  Dorsally  the  valves 


134  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  CHAMACEA. 

are  more  produced  at  each  end,  and  the  posterior  dorsal  angle  espe- 
cially is  more  produced  and  squarer  than  in  edentula.  Outside  with 
irregular  growth-striae  and  traces  of  low  radii,  covered  around  the 
edges  with  a  thin,  caducious  light  brown  cuticle.  Interior  dead 
white,  sparsely  asperulate  in  the  cavity ;  muscle  impressions  as  in 
edentula,  but  pallial  line  further  removed  from  ventral  edge  of 
valves.  Length  56$,  alt.  51,  diam.  34$  mm. 

Inland  Sea  (F.  Stearns,  two  specimens). 

These  shells  are  far  more  equilateral  than  L.  philippiana  Reeve, 
with  less  sinuous  hinge  line,  slighter  ligament  plate,  etc.    The  same 
characters  distinguish  it  from  L.  schrammi  Crosse,  Journ.  de  Conch., 
1878,  p.  328. 
Myrtaea  gibba,  lamellate  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  225. 

Tsu-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 
Myrtaea  flmbriatula,  obesula,  decussata  A.  Ad.    Ibid.    Tabu-Shima  (Ad.). 

Myrteea  plioatula,  ciroinata,  delicatula  A,  Ad.     Ibid.      Mino-Shima,  Strait  of 
Corea  (Ad.). 

(  Chamacea). 

CHAMIDJE. 
Chama  imbricate  Broderip.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II,  pi.  9,  f.  4. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Chama  ambigua  Lischke.    Jbid,  p.  128,  pi.  8,  f.  2. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Chama  semipurpurata  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  pi.  8,  f.  1. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke).    One  specimen  collected  by  Stearns. 
Chama  dunkeri  Lischke.    J.  M,  C.,  II,  p.  128,  pi.  8,  f.  3,  4. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke).     One  specimen  collected  by  Stearns. 
Chama  retroversa  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  pi.  9,  f.  1-3. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke).      Numerous  specimens  of  this  well  marked 
species  were  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns. 

Chama  aspersa  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  24.    Japan  (Rein). 

i 
(Carditaceci). 

CARDITIDJE. 
Cardita  cumingiana  Dkr.    Dkr.,  Moll.  Jap.,  p.  29,  pi.  3,  f.  18. 

Yokohama  and  Loochoo  Is.  (Stearns) ;  Deshima,  Nagasaki  and 
Tokyo  (Dkr.  and  Lischke). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  ASTARTACEA.  135 

Cardita  leana  Dkr.  (Moll.  Jap.,  pi.  3,  f.  17)  seems  to  be  only 
a  variation  of  the  same  species.     Specimens  attain  a  length  of  34 
mm. 
Cardita  variegata  Brug. 

Yokohama  (Stearns).     A  single  typical  specimen. 
Cardita  pica  Reeve.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  39,  pi.  8,  f.  13-14. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Cardita  vestita  Deshayes.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  32,  pi.  12,  f.  8-9. 

Japan. 

Cardita  ferruginea  Adams.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  17,  pi.  6,  f.  11. 
Japan. 

(Astartacea). 
CRASSATELLITIDJE. 

(Crassatellites  Con.=Crassatella  Lam.  1801,  not  1799). 
Crassatellites  japonica  Bunker.    Index,  p.  220. 

Japan. 
Crassatellites  compressa  Ads.  &  Rve.    Zool.  Samarang,  pi.  23,  f.  10. 

Corean  Archipelago. 

Crassatellites  corrugata  Adams  &  Reeve.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  27,  pi.  8,  f.  5. 

Japan  (Paetel  coll.). 
Crassatellites  heteroglypta  n.  n. 

Crassatella  japonica  Sby.  (not  Dkr.),  Jour.  Linn.  Soc.,  XX,  p. 
399,  pi.  25,  f.  19. 

Japan  (Sowb.). 

Crassatellites  sublamellata  Weinkauff.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  25,  pi.  7,  f.  11. 
Japan. 

(  Cypricardiacea). 
PLETJROPHORIDJE. 

Trapezium  vellicatum  Reeve.    C.  Icon.  I,  f.  7. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Trapezium  rostratum  Lam.    Ibid,  f.  3. 

Tsu-Shima,  in  oyster  shells  (Ad.). 
Trapezium  angulatum  Lam.    Jbid,  f.  2. 

Okino-Shima  (Ad.),  in  Madrepore. 


136  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  POROMYACEA. 

Trapezium  liratum  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  I,  pi.  1,  f.  1  (Cypricardia). 

Awa,   Bishiu    (Stearns),   numerous  specimens ;    Bay   of   Yedo 
(Lischke). 

Coralliophaga  coralliophaga  Chemn.    Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Order  ANOMALODESMACEA. 

(Poramyacea). 

CUSPID  ARIIDJE. 

Cuspidaria  elegans  Hinds.    Zool.  Samarang,  p.  84,  pi.  23,  f.  4  (Nssera  moluccano). 
Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Cuspidaria  nobilis  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  II..  1868,  p.  360. 

Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Cuspidaria  hindsiana  A.  Ad.     Ibid.     Goto  Is.  (Ad.). 

Cuspidaria  nasuta  A.  Ad.     Ibid.     Satanomosaki  (Ad.). 

Cuspidaria  (Rhinomya)  philippinensis  Hinds.     Ann.  Mag.,  1868,  p.  367. 

Uraga ;  Kino-o-Shirna  (A.  Ad.). 

Cuspidaria  (Rhinomya)  rugata  A.  Ad.    Ibid.    Tabu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Cuspidaria  (Cardiomya)  gouldiana  Hinds.    Ibid.    Uraga,  Goto,  Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 
Cuspidaria  nitida  A.  Ad.  &  Kve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  83,  pi.  23,  f.  3. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Cuspidaria  (Myonera)  lischkei  E.  A.  Smith.    P.  Z.  S.,  1891,  p.  438,  pi.  34,  f.  6. 

South  of  Japan,  1875  fathoms  (Challenger). 
Leiomya  adunca  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  162. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimpson)  ;  Seto-Uchi,  Hakodate  (A.  Ad.). 

VERTICORDIIDJE. 

Verticordia  japonica  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  224. 

Goto  Is.  (A.  Ad.). 

Verticordia  multicostata  A.  Ad.     Ibid. 

(Ensiphonaced). 
CLAVAGELLIDJE. 
Clavagella  ramosa  Dkr.    Index,  p.  172,  pi.  16,  fig.  1. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Aspergillum  giganteum  Sowerby.     PI.  Ill,  fig.  1. 

Valves  large,  irregularly  oblong-trapezoidal,  dilated  toward  the 
posterior  end,  very  coarsely  and  irregularly  concentrically  corruga- 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  ANATINACEA.  137 

ted,  and  showing  under  the  lens  a  very  fine,  irregular  wrinkling ; 
standing  at  an  angle  to  each  other  of  about  100°.  Tube  rough  and 
sparsely  covered  with  coarse  sand  and  shells,  swollen  anteriorly,  con- 
tracted behind  the  valves.  Anterior  end  forming  a  mass  of  irregu- 
larly placed  short  tubes,  among  which  pebbles,  etc.,  are  imbedded, 
and  lacking  any  trace  of  a  marginal  fringe  or  rosette.  Posterior 
end  slightly  larger  than  median  part  of  tube,  bearing  two  flounces. 
Total  length  285  mm.,  diameter  of  median  part  of  tube  27,  diameter 
of  tube  at  valves  50,  diameter  of  tubule  mass  55.  Valves,  antero- 
posterior  length  27  mm.,  dorso-ventral  16  mm. 

Found  at  village  of  Goshoura,  district  of  Amakusa,  coast  of  Prov. 
Higo,  (Kumamoto  Keu)  Japan.  The  original  locality  was  simply 
Japan.  Native  name,  Teppo-Kai  (Gun  shell). 

This  specimen  was  procured  by  Mr.  Frederick  Stearns  at  the 
Third  National  Exhibition,  Tokyo,  1890.  It  is  evidently  nearest 
allied  to  A.  incertum  Chenu  (111.  Conch.,  I,  pi.  4,  f.  5,  6)  but  differs 
in  the  totally  diverse  shape  of  the  valves,  which  are  triangular  and 
broader  than  long  in  that  species,  oblong  and  far  longer  than  wide 
in  this.  Mr.  Sowerby's  specimen  (see  P.  Z.  S.,  1888,  p.  290)  was 
larger,  length  325  mm.,  and  had  6-7  flounces.  The  species  has  not 
before  been  figured. 

What  Dunker  reports  as  fragments  of  a  gigantic  specimen  of  A. 
vaginiferum,  is  probably  this  species. 

(Anatinacea). 
LYONSIID2E. 

Xyonsia  ventricosa  Gld.    Otia,  p.  162.     Lyonsia  rostrata  Liachke.    Jap.  M.  C., 

Ill,  p.  102,  pi.  9,  f.  13. 

Hakodate  (Stimp.) ;  southern  coast  of  Japan  (Lischke).  An 
original  specimen  of  Gould's  species  before  me  seems  practically 
identical  with  that  of  Lischke.  The  examples  collected  by  Mr. 
Stearns  are  larger  than  Lischke  indicates  (length  23  mm.)  and 
more  abruptly  truncated  posteriorly. 
Lyonsia  praetenuis  Dkr.  Index,  p.  180,  pi.  7,  f.  13. 

Wakayama,  Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 
Entodesma  navioula  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  83,  pi.  23,  f.  11. 

Kiushiu  Is.  (Lischke). 
Entodesma  truncatissima  n.  sp.     PI.  Ill,  figs.  11, 12. 

Shell  truncate-oval,  very  ventricose,  thin,  light  buff,  whitish 
toward  the  beaks,  fragile.  Surface  with  some  irregular  concentric 


138  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  ANATINACEA. 

wrinkles,  the  cuticle  wrinkled  on  posterior  slope,  and  showing  spaced, 
inconspicuous  radiating  cuticular  threads  toward  each  end.  Ante- 
rior extremity  abruptly  truncated;  posterior  extremity  rounded, 
slightly  gaping.  Interior  white  ;  lithodesma  large. 

Length  24,  alt.  14,  diam.  11  mm. 

Length  19,  alt.  11},  diam.  11  mm. 

Nemoto  and  Amatsu,  Boshiu,  Hakodate  (Stearns). 

These  shells  are  more  abruptly  truncated  anteriorly  than  speci- 
mens of  Lyonsia  navicula  before  me,  and  they  differ  in  the  same  way 
from  Entodesma  saxicola  of  the  same  size.  The  lithodesma  is  as  in 
E.  saxicola. 

PANDORIDJE. 

Pandora  delioatula  A.  Ad.     Conch.  Icon.,  XIX,  pi.  3,  f.  17. 
Japan  (Adams). 

MYOCHAMIDJE. 

Myodora  triangularis  A.  Ad.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  181,  pi.  7,  f.  11,  12. 
Myodora  fluctuosa  Old.    Otia,  p.  181 ;  Smith.,  P.  Z.  8.,  1880,  p.  583. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stirap.). 

THRACIIDi. 

Thracia  pusilla  Gld.     Otia  Conoh.,  p.  161. 

Simoda  (Stimpson). 
Thracia  concinna  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  161. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimpson). 

ANATINIDJE. 
Anatina  japonioa  Lischke.    Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  Ill,  p.  101,  pi.  9,  f.  7-10. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  Yokohama  (Stearns). 
Anatina  flexuosa  Reeve.    Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  XIV,  pi.  1,  f.  5. 

Japan  (Reeve). 
Anatina  limioola  Reeve.     Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  XIV,  pi.  4,  f.  27. 

Japan  (Reeve). 
Anatina  kamakurana  n.  sp.    PI.  Ill,  figs.  2,  3. 

Shell  elongated,  rather  ventricose,  gaping  at  both  ends,  irregularly 
wrinkle-striate  and  minutely  granulated  as  usual,  fragile;  posterior 
end  longer  than  the  anterior  and  narrower,  rounded,  moderately 
gaping;  anterior  end  broadly  rounded,  but  slightly  gaping;  dorsal 
margin  nearly  parallel  with  the  basal,  but  rising  in  front  of  the 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  MYTILACEA.  139 

beaks,  straight  behind  them  ;  beaks  split ;  chondrophore  small,  its 
posterior  butress  curved,  very  oblique.  Length  42*,  alt.  19,  diam. 
14  mm. 

Kamakura  (Stearns). 

Order  PR10NODESMACEA. 

(Mytilacea). 
MYTILID2E. 

Mytilus  crassitesta  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  151,  pi.  11,  f.  1,  2. 
Akashi  coast  (Stearns). 

Mytilus  giganteus  Holmberg.      Bull.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Moscou,  1862,  p.  422,  pi.  11, 
12. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Mytilus  grayanus  Dkr.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  221 ;  cf.  Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  153,  pi. 

10,  f.  7,  8. 

Hakodate  (Phila.  Acad.  coll.  and  Stearns).     This  may  be  Gould's 
M.  coruscus. 
Mytilus  hirsutus  Lamarck.     Oonchyl.  Cab.,  p.  40,  pi.  7,  f.  6. 

Inland  Sea  (Sjearns) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Mytilus  sinuatus  Bunker.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  76,  pi.  17,  f.  7. 

Japan  (Dunker)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Mytilus  ourvatus  Dunker.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  34,  pi.  14,  f.  7,  8. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Mytilus  atratus  Lischke.     Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  II,  p.  146,  pi.  10,  f.  45 ;  Modiola 
aterrima  Ball,  A.  J.  C.,  VII,  p.  154. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;   Bay  of  Yedo  (Dall) ;  S.  coast  Prov.  Ise 
(Stearns). 
Mytilus  ooruscus  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  177. 

Hakodate  Bay,  rocks  between  tide  marks,  common  (Stimpson). 
Mytilus  mutabilis  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  177. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimpson). 

Modiola  modiolus  Linne.     Yedo,  Hakodate  (Lischke) ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Modiola  philippinarum  Hanley.     Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  1. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 

Several  small  specimens  which  seem  to  agree  with  this  species. 

Modiola  trailiii  Reeve.    Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  4,  f.  IS. 
Idzu  coast  (Stearns). 


140  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  MYTILACEA. 

Modiola  metcalfi  Hanley.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  116,  pi.  32,  f.  3,  4. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Modiola  nitida  Hanley.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  Ill,  pi.  31,  f.  3. 

Tokyo  Bay  (Lischke)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Modiola  hanleyi  Dunker.    Index,  p.  223,  pi.  16,  f.  3,  4. 
Japan  (Dunker). 

Modiola  rhomboidea  Hanley.    C.  Icon.,  f.  28. 
Japan  (Dunker). 

Modiola  flavida  Dkr.    C.  Icon.,  f.  77. 
Japan  Sea  (Dkr.). 

Modiola  japonica  Dunker.     Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  26. 

Hakodate  (R.  E.  C.  Stearns) ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Modiola  fortune!  Dunker.    C.  Icon.,  f.  75. 

Japan  (Dunker). 
Modiola  senhausii  Reeve.    Conch.  Icon.,  f.  22. 

Near  Enoshima  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki,  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Modiola  arcuatula  Hanley.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  101,  pi.  30,  f.  8,  9. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Modiola  barbata  Linne\     Forbes  A  Hanley,  Brit.  Moll.,  VII,  p.  190,  pi.  44,  f.  4. 

Japan,  off  Kobe",  in  50  fathoms,  sand  (Challenger). 

Adula  californiensis  Esohscholtz.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  22,  pi.  5,  f.  19. 

Sachalin  Is.,  Japan  Sea  (Dunker). 
Lithophaga  ourta  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  Ill,  pi.  9,  f.  14-17. 

Bay  of  Yedo,  in  Madrepores  (Lischke) ;  Joga-Shima  (Stearns). 

Lithophaga  aristata  Sol.    Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Lithophaga  nasuta  Phil.    Abbild.,  II,  p.  149,  Modiola,  pi.  1,  f.  2. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Lithophaga  zitteliana  Dkr.    Index,  p.  226,  pi.  14,  f.  1,  2, 8,  9. 

Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 
Modiolaria  cumingiana  Dunker.     Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  X,  Modiola,  pi.  9,  f.  63. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

There  seems  to  be  no  doubt  of  the  specific  identity  of  S.  Austra- 
lian and  Japanese  specimens ;  I  have  compared  examples  from  Vic- 
toria. The  M.  impacta  Herm.  (=M.  cor  Martyn)  is  a  wider  spe- 
cies. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  ANOMIACEA.  141 

Modiolaria  nigra  Gray.     Bay  of  Castries  (Schrenck). 
Modiolaria  vernicosa  Midd.     Bay  of  Castries  (Midd.). 
Modiolaria  pusio  A.  Ad.     Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1862,  p.  229. 

Mino-Shima  (Ad.),  on  Haliotis  gigantea. 
Modiolaria  divaricata  Phil.    Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  21,  pi.  2,  f.  8. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Modiolaria  semigranata  Reeve.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  110,  pi.  9,  f.  18,  19. 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Lischke,  Stearns). 
Modiolaria  quadrula  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  177. 

Kagoshima  (Stimpson). 
Modiolaria  arcuata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  176. 

Kagoshima  (Stimpson). 
Modiolaria  cuprea  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  175. 

Kagoshima  (Stimpson). 
Crenella  decussata  Mont.    Jeffreys,  Linn.  Soc.  Journ.,  XIV,  p.  419. 

Corea  Strait  (St.  John). 
Crenella  spectabilis,  casta  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1862,  p.  228. 

Mino-Shima  (A.  Ad.). 

Crenella  cornea  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     Corea  Strait  (Ad.). 
Crenella  orocea  A.  Ad.    Ibid,    Tsu-Shima  (Ad.). 

DREISSENSIIDJE. 
Septifer  crassus  Dunker.     Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  X,  pi.  7,  f.  25.     (Mytilus). 

Japan  (Stearns) ;  Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

Looks  externally  like  Mytilus  hamatus  Say.     Duiiker[and  Lischke 
refer  it  to  S.  virgatus  Wiegmann. 

Septifer  bilocularis  Linne.     Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Septifer  bifurcatus  Conr.     Japan.     (Dkr.,  Index,  p.  228). 

(Anomiacea). 
ANOMIIDJE. 

Anomia  ephippium  Linne  var.  (?).     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  247. 
Anomia  radulina  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.  (3),  VIII,  p.  142. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Anomia  pustulosa  A.  Ad.    Ibid.     Tabu-Shima,  25  fms.  (Ad.). 
Anomia  laqueata  Reeve  var.  (?).     Challenger  Lamell,  XIII,  p.  318. 

Japan,  ofFKobe",  in  50  fathoms  (Challenger);  Hakodate  (Schrenck;; 
Joga-Shima  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo  (Lischke). 


142  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  PECTENACEA. 

Anomia  cytaeum  Gray.     C.  Icon.,  f.  10. 

Hakodate  (Schrenck) ;  Joga-Shiraa  coast  (Stearns).  Large, 
roughly  sculptured  specimens.  Also  a  single  silvery  form  (var. 
argentea,)  thinner,  both  valves  entirely  smooth  except  for  slight 
growth  wrinkles. 

Anomia  elyros  Gray.    C.  Icon.,  f.  3,  9. 

Kii  coast  (Stearns).  Two  forms  collected;  one  rather  thin  with 
the  upper  shell  orange  or  yellow,  lower  shell  green,  the  other 
heavier,  opaque,  both  valves  green. 

Placunanomia  macroschisma  Desh.     Abbild.,  Ill,  p.  132,  pi.  1,  f.  4. 

Yedo,  Hakodate. 
Placunanomia  umbonata  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  178. 

Kagoshima  Bay  (Stimpson). 
Placenta  placenta  Linne.     (Aimmia).     Japan  (Dkr.). 

(Pectenacea). 
LIMIDJE. 

lima  smith!  Sowerby.    Sowb.,  P.  Z.  S.,  1888,  p.  207,  pi.  11,  f.  12. 

Shell  having  the  general  outline  and  convexity  of  L.  lima  Linn., 
thin  but  strong,  slightly  gaping  anteriorly,  entirely  closed  posteriorly ; 
beaks  situated  near  the  posterior  end  of  the  hinge- line;  cartilage  pit 
very  oblique;  hinge  area  narrow.  Anterior  auricles  extremely 
small,  posterior  auricles  moderate,  about  as  in  L.  lima.  Surface  of 
valves  sculptured  with  strong  rounded  radial  ribs  separated  by  in- 
tervals of  about  their  own  width,  and  wholly  absent  on  convexity  of 
the  valves  from  the  beaks  nearly  half  the  distance  to  basal  margin. 
Toward  the  heaks  the  surface  on  each  side  of  the  smooth  area  is 
densely  and  finely  radially  striate,  these  strice  subsequently  uniting  by 
twos  or  threes  to  form  the  coarse  ribbing  of  the  later  growth.  Ribs  at 
the  periphery  39  in  number ;  lacking  on  auricles  and  on  the  con- 
cave face  of  the  anterior  slope.  Dimensions  :  Height,  from  beaks  to 
ventral  margin  60mm.,  length,  antero-posteriorly,  46  mm.,  diameter 
25  mm.  Collected  in  Japan  by  Mr.  Frederick  Stearns  in  1889-'90. 
Originally  described  from  Japan.  Sowerby  did  not  describe  the 
peculiar  sculpture  in  detail,  hence  the  above  description. 

Lima  dunkeri  Smith.      (L.  japonica  Dkr.  not  Ad.).      Dkr.,  Index,  p.  245,  pi.  11, 
f.  8,  9. 

Sea  of  Japan  (Dkr.)  ;  Boshiu  (Stearns). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PECTENACEA.  143 

Specimens   collected   at  the  last  named   locality   much   exceed 
Dunker's  type  in  size,  measuring  35  mm.  from  beaks  to  lower  mar- 
gin.    The  species  is  unusually  equilateral  for  Lima. 
Lima  japonica  (A.  Ad.)  Sowerby,     Conch.  Icon.,  XVIII,  pi.  5,  f.  21  (1872). 

Japan  (Sowerby). 
Lima  lima  Linne.    (L.  squamosa  Lam.). 

Yokohama  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

I  can  see  no  difference  whatever  between  the  Japanese  and  Med- 
iterranean specimens  of  this  species,  except  that  the  former  are 
larger,  measuring  as  much  as  75  mm.  from  beaks  to  ventral  margin. 
This  species  extends  eastward  in  the  Pacific  to  the  Viti  Islands. 

Lima  goliath  Sowerby.      P.  Z.  S.,  1883,  p.  30,  pi.  7,  f.  3. 

Japan  (Sowerby) ;  S.-E.  Nippon,  775  fathoms  (Challenger). 

SPONDYLIDJE. 

Spondylus  regius  Linne.     Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Spondylus  sinensis  Sowb.    Thes.,  I,  p.  427,  pi.  87,  f.  32-34. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Spondylus  nudus  Chemn.    Ibid,  pi.  88,  f.  39,  40. 

Wakayama,  Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 
Spondylus  cruentus  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  172,  pi.  12,  f.  1-5. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Sagami  (Stearns). 
Plicatula  cuneata  Dkr.     Index,  p.  246,  pi.  11,  f.  3. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Plicatula  murioata  A.  Ad.    Ibid,  pi.  11,  f.  4.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Plicatula  horrida  Dkr.    Ibid,  p.  247,  pi.  11,  f.  6,  7. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Plicatula  irregularis  Dkr.  (rugosa  Dkr.  not  Lam.).    Ibid,  p.  247,  pi.  11,  f.  5. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Plicatula  simplex  Gld.     Otia  Conch.,  p.  178. 

Kagoshima  Bay  and  Simoda,  5-20  fath.  (Stimpson). 
PECTENID.E. 

Pecten  crassicostatus   Sowerby.     Dkr.,   Index,  pi.   13,  f.  28-f-P.  nobilis  Reeve, 
Conch.  Icon.,  VIII,  f.  3. 

Ise  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Pecten  squamatus  Gmelin.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  240,  pi.  11,  f.  14. 
Sagama  Bay  (Stearns);  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 


144  JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  PECTENACEA. 

Pecten  irregularis  Sowerby.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  240,  pi.  11,  f.  2,  15. 

Banda   and   Nemoto,   Boshiu,  Tsu-Shima   (Stearns) ;  Nagasaki 
(Lischke). 
Pecten  quadriliratus  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  158,  pi.  9,  f.  5,  6. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Pecten  similis  Laskey.    Joarn.  Linn.  Soc.,  XIV.     Corea  Strait  (St.  John). 
Pecten  jickelii  Dunker.     Index,  p.  241. 

Japan  Sea  (coll.  Lobbecke). 

Pecten  vesiculosus  Dkr.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  241,  pi.  11,  f.  1. 
Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns). 

Pecten  tissoti  Bernardi.     Journ.  de  Conch.,  1858,  pi  91,  pi.  1,  f.  2. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pecten  ipectabilis  Reeve.    Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  11,  f.  12,  13. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Pecten  laetus  Gould.     Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Cunch.,  pi.  12,  f.  6,  7. 

Ikai  coast,  Joga-Shima,  and  Sagama  Bay  (Stearns)  ;  Hakodate 
(Stimp.)  ;  Tokyo  and  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Yokohama  (Dkr.). 

Three  main  color  varieties  are  included  in  Mr.  Stearns'  collection  : 
A.  Crimson  varying  to  orange  ;  B.  Royal  purple  varying  to  brown  ; 
and  C.  Pure  white. 

Peoten  yessoensis  Jay.      Dkr.,  Novit.  Conch.,  p.  61,  pi.  21 ;  Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres- 
Conch.,  I,  pi.  10,  f.  34 ;  II,  pi.  13. 

Hakodate  (Stearns,  et  al)  ;  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Pecten  plica  Linn£.    C.  loon.,  VIII,  sp.  16. 
Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Pecten  subplicatus  Sowb.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  17. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pecten  vitreus  Chemnitz.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  VII,  f.  637. 
Yokohama  Harbor,  345  fathoms  (Challenger). 

Pecten  swiftii  Bernardi.    Journ.  de  Conch.,  1858,  p.  90,  pi.  1,  2. 

Northern  Japan  (Schrenck). 
Pecten  asperulatus  Adams  &,  Reeve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  74,  pi.  21,  f.  13. 

Corea  Strait. 
Pecten  psarus  Melvill.    Journ.  of  Conch.,  V,  p.  280,  pi.  2,  f.  9. 

Japan. 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  OSTRACEA.  145- 

Pecten  hastingsii  Melvill.    Journ.  of  Conch.,  V,  p.  279,  pi.  2,  f.  7. 

Japan  (Hastings,  Dent). 
Pecten  mollitus  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  100.    Japan. 
Amusium  japonicum  Gmel. 

East  coast   and  Inland   Sea   (Stearns) ;    Yedo    and    Nagasaki 

(Lischke). 

Amusium  obliteration  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Amusium  pleuronectes  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

Vola  laqueata  Sowerby.      Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II,  pi.  12,  f.  1, 2  j  Phil.,  Abbild.,  I,  pi. 

1,  f.  1  (P.  antomi). 

Nagasaki  Harbor  and  Yokohama  (Stearns);  Hakodate  (Schrenck); 
Yedo  (Lischke)  ;  off  Kobe  in  50  fathoms  ;  between  Is.  of  Sikoku  and 
Nippon,  50  fathoms  (Challenger). 

Vola  excavata  Anton.    Phil.,  Abbild.,  I,  p.  201,  pi.  2,  f.  1 ;  Pecten  tinewis  Sowb. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

Vola  puncticulata  Dkr.     Dkr.,  Index,  p.  244,  pi.  11,  f.  10,  11  (young) ;  Pilsbry, 
Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1891,  p.  473,  pi.  XIX,  f.  1,  2,  3  (adult). 

A  single  large  specimen  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns. 

Vola  inaequivalvis  Sowerby.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  236,  pi.  62,  f.  5-8. 
South  Japan  (Dunker). 

(  Ostracea). 
OSTR.EIDJE. 

Ostraea  gigas  Thunberg.      Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  p.  174  (-J-0.  laperousii 

Schr.  and  0.  talienwhanensis  Crosse). 

Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Enoshima  (Stearns)  ;  Yokohama  (Mts.)  ; 
Hakodate  (Schrenck)  ;  also  found  on  Asiatic  mainland. 

Only  young  and  moderate  sized  specimens  show  the  purple  color 
markings  outside.  One  specimen  collected  is  the  largest  on  record, 
surpassing  the  measurements  given  by  Thunberg.  The  length  of 
the  ligament  area  is  proportionately  greater  than  in  smaller  speci- 
mens. Measurements  of  four  examples  are  as  follows : 

Total  length  443  mm. ;  greatest  breadth  95  mm. 

Total  length  248  mm. ;  greatest  breadth  52  mm. 

Total  length  246  mm. ;  greatest  breadth  44  mm. 

Total  length  242  mm. ;  greatest  breadth  44  mm. 

All  of  these  are  narrow  and  parallel-sided. 
10 


146  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  PTERIACEA. 

Ostraea  denselamellosa  Lischke.     Lischke,  Jap.  Meeres-Conoh.,  I,  pi.  13,  14. 

Hakodate,  Tokyo  Bay,  Yokohama  (Stearns);  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
The  0.  auriculata  and  0.  multicottata  of  Sowerby  (Conch.  Icon.,  pi. 
25)  seem  to  be  the  same. 

Ostraea  folium  Gmelin.    Wakayama  (Dkr.). 

Ostraea  plioata  Chemn.    Kishiu  coast  (Stearns). 

Ostreea  cucullata  Born.    Mus.  Test.  Ctes.  Vind.,  pi.  6,  f.  11,  12. 

Yokohama,  E.  coast  Sagama  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

I  refer  to  this  species  a  number  of  small  specimens  agreeing  well 
with  Born's  figures. 

Ostraea  imbricata  Lam.      Dunker,  Index,  p.  250  ;  Sowerby,  Conoh.  Icon.,  XVIII, 
pi.  17,  f.  36  b. 

Japan  (Stearns,  1890). 

Ostraea  hyotis  Linn. 

(Stearns).    A  single  valve  of  gigantic  size,  length  235,  breadth 
190  mm. 
Ostreea  rivularis  Old.    Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  pi.  1 4,  f.  2,  3. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

(Pteriacea). 
VULSELLIDJE. 

Vultella  lingulata  Linn6.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Vulsella  minor  Chemn.    Japan  (Dkr.). 

PTERIIDJE. 

(Pteria  Scop.  1777  =  Avicula  Lam.  1799). 
Pteria  coturnix  Dunker.     Index,  p.  228,  pi.  10,  f.  1,  2. 

Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 

Pteria  brevialata  Dkr.    Index,  p.  229,  pi.  10,  f.  3-5. 

Inland  Sea  (Dkr.,  Stearns). 
Pteria  loveni  Dunker.    Index,  p.  229,  pi.  10,  f.  6. 

Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 

Pteria  maoroptera  Lam.     Reeve,  Conch.  loon.,  X,  pi.  2  and  3. 

Keu,  Satsuma  (Stearns)  ;  Prov.  of  Hizen  (Stearns)  ;  Kagoshima. 

Two  very  large  specimens,  one  from  Satsuma  being  of  the  typical 
macroptera  form,  the  other  having  the  short  wing  and  less  obliquely 
extended  pearl  layer  of  "  lotorium."  The  two  measure  :  macroptera, 
length  of  hiuge-line  225  mm. ;  oblique  length  from  beak  to  lower 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  PTERIACEA.  147 

end  251  mm.      Var.  "  lotorium,"  length  of  hinge-line  152  mm. ;  ob- 
lique length  from  beak  to  lower  end  265  mm. 

Pteria  japonica  Bunker.    Conohyl.  Cab.,  p.  33,  pi.  10,  f.  5. 

Japan  Sea  (Dkr.). 

Meleagrina  martensii  Dkr.    Index,  p.  229,  pi.  10,  f.  7,  8. 
Meleagrina  japonica  Dunker.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  66,  pi.  23,  f.  2,  3). 

Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;   S.   coast  of  Kii   (Stearns).      Girls  dive 
for  these  shells,  which  produce  numerous  pearls. 
Meleagrina  fucata  Gould.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  49,  pi.  17,  f.  2. 

Nagasaki. 
Malleus  albus  Chemn.    C.  Icon.,  pi.  1,  f.  1. 

Inland  Sea  (Stearns) ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Malleus  regula  Forskal.     Inland  Sea  (Dkr.). 

Malleus  (Malvufundus)  irregularis  Jousseaume.      Le  Naturalists,  XVI,  1894,  p. 

228. 

Japan. 

PERNIDJE. 

Perna  perna  Linne.     Nagasaki  (Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  II,  p.  153). 
Perna  costellata  Conrad.     Hakodate  (Schrenck). 

PINNIDJE. 
Pinna  chemnitzii  Hanley.     Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  1. 

Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke)  ;  Kishiu  coast  (Stearns). 

The  specimens  are  narrower  than  Reeve's  figure  1  b,  and  lack  the 
projecting  scales  along  the  hinge-margin.     Dunker  reports  chem- 
nitzii from  Yokohama  and  Tokyo. 
Pinna  bioolor  Chemn.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  VIII,  pi.  90,  f.  780. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pinna  fimbriatula  Rve.     C.  Icon.,  sp.  63.    Japan  (Cuming). 
Pinna  saccata  Linne.    Japan  (Dkr.). 
Pinna  japonica  Hanley.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  72,  pi.  24,  f.  3;  pi.  29,  f.  1. 

Yokohama  Bay,  Yedo,  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Pinna  nigrina  Lamarck.    Rve.,  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  4,  (P.  nigra). 

Tokyo  Harbor  (Stearns).  The  largest  shell  measures,  length  365, 
breadth  240  mm.  It  is  smooth  outside  except  for  low  radii  near  the 
beaks.  The  smaller  specimens  are  strongly  scaled  as  in  Reeve's  fig- 
ure. 


148  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  ARCACEA. 

Pinna  lischkeana  Clewin.    Conchy).  Cab.,  p.  73,  pi.  28,  f.  1. 

Yokohama  (Rolle  coll.)  ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns)  ;  Tokyo  Harbor 
(Stearns). 

The  smaller  specimens  collected  on  the  western  coast  of  the  Inland 
Sea  agree  with  Clessin's  figure  (Couchylien  Cabinet,  pi.  28,  f.  1)  ex- 
cept that  the  hinge-margin  is  less  curved.  The  specimen  figured  by 
Clessin  as  the  adult  P.  japonic/a  (Conchy  1.  Cab.,  pi.  29,  fig.  1)  is  in 
my  opinion  an  adult  lischkeana.  Whether  the  true  japonica  of 
Hanley  is  the  same  as  P.  chemnitzii,  or  is  the  young  of  lischkeana,  I 
am  unable  to  decide.  Specimens  collected  by  Stearns  in  Tokyo 
Harbor  agree  with  Clessin's  figure  (pi.  29,  fig.  1).  They  measure, 
length  375,  breadth  204  mm.  On  the  latter  half  of  the  shell  the 
prickly  rays  are  wholly  absent. 
Pinna  epioa  Jouss.  Le  Naturaliste,  XVI,  1894,  p.  229. 

Japan  (Jouss.). 

(Arcacea). 
ARCIDJE. 
Area  navicularis  Brag.     Dkr.,  Index,  pi.  14,  f.  16,  17. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 
Area  acnminata  Kraass. 

The  Japanese  shells  collected   by  Stearns  seem  to  constitute  a 
variety,  characterized  by  the  less  attenuated  anterior  end,  posterior 
lower  angle  less  produced,  the  basal  margin  ascending  to  it,  keel  not 
acute.     This  may  be  called  var.  subnormalis. 
Area  ocellata  Reeve.    Conohyl.  Cab.,  p.  87,  pi.  24,  f.  1-4. 

Japan  (Smith). 

Area  kraussii  Phil.  SUdafrik.  Moll.,  pi.  1,  f.  11 ;  Conch.  Cab.,  pi.  35,  f.  7,  8  ;  Abbild., 
Ill,  p.  88,  pi.  5,  f.  8-10. 

E.  coast  of  Japan,  Tokyo  to  Awaji  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

Area  (Barbatia)  obtusa  Reeve.  Conch.  Icon.,  f.  77  and  80  (obliquata  Rv.  not  Gray) ; 
A.  decurvata  Lischke,  J.  M.  C.,  I,  p.  148. 

Nagasaki,  Yedo  (Lischke) ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 
Area  (Barbatia)  tenebrica  Reeve.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  156,  pi.  39,  f.  7,  8. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Area  stearnsii  n.  sp.     PI.  Ill,  figs.  8,  9,  10. 

Shell  small,  subtrapezoidal,  moderately  inflated,  solid  ;  anterior 
half  white,  clouded  with  flesh  color,  posterior   half  fleshy-brown. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  ARCACEA.  149 

Dorsal  margin  straight  and  long,  angled  at  each  end,  basal  margin 
curved,  not  gaping,  posterior  end  sloping,  straight,  anterior  end 
rounded  ;  posterior  lower  angle  produced.  Surface  closely  and  finely 
decussated  throughout,  the  radii  coarser  on  posterior  slope.  Teeth 
about  as  in  A.  decussata;  area  narrow,  deep.  Interior  fleshy  with 
linear  brown  and  whitish  radii,  and  clouded  with  white,  the  muscle- 
scars  brown. 

Length  16,  alt.  9'2,  diam.  7  mm. 

Length  18,  alt.  11,  diam.  10  mm. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  and  Yokohama  (Stearns). 

Hinge  much  straighter  than  in  A.  tenebrica  Rve.,  and  angled  at 
the  ends,  the   baso-posterior  extremity  more   angular.    Sculpture 
finer  than  in  young  A.  decussata,  and  less  rounded  posteriorly. 
Area  (Barbatia)  decussata  Sowerby.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  144,  pi.  37,  f.  2-5. 

Nagasaki  (Lisckke).     Several  specimens  collected  by  Stearns. 
Area  (Barbatia)  domingensis  Lam.    Conchy].  Cab.,  p.  195,  pi.  47,  f.  12. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Area  (Anomalocardia)  granosa  Linne.    Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  38,  pi.  3,  f.  7. 

Kodzuka  (Stearns)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke). 
Area  (Anomalocardia)  pulchella  Dkr.    Novit.  Conch.,  p.  113,  pi.  38,  f.  6-9. 

Japan  (Dkr.)  ;  East  coast  of  Nippon  (Stearns). 

Area  (Anomalocardia)  inflata  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  30  :  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  30,  pi.  10, 
f.  1,  2. 

Tokyo  Bay  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo,  Nagasaki,  Hakodate  (Lischke). 
Area  (Scapharca)  satowi  Dkr.    Index,  p.  233,  pi.  9,  f.  1-3. 

Tokyo. 
Area  (Scapharca)  subcrenata  Lischke.    Jap.  Meeres-Conch.,  I,  p.  146,  pi.  9,  f.  1-3 

('M.  nodoso-crenata"  on  plate). 

Yedo  and  Nagasaki  (Lischke) ;   Inland  Sea   (Stearns)  ;  Itoma 
Jima  I.,  Loo  Choo  group  (Stearns). 
Area  (Scapharca^  ambigua  Reevt,.    C.  Icon.,  sp.  65. 

Yokohama  (Dunker)  ;  Nagasaki  (Lischke).    Mr.  Stearns*  speci- 
mens are  all  smaller  than  Reeve's  figure  of  this  species. 

Area  (Scapharca)  japonioa  Reeve.    C.  Icon.,  f.  32 ;  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  114,  pi.  30,  f. 
3,4. 

Japan  (Siebold). 

Area  (Scapharca)  troscheli  Dkr.    Index,  p.  234,  pi.  14,  f.  14,  15. 
Japan  (Dunker). 


150  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  ARCACEA. 

Area  (Scapharca)  philippiana  Dkr.  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  90,  pi.  25,  f.  1,2;  (^4.  radiata 
Rve.,  C.  Icon.,  f.  40,  preoc.). 

Japan. 

Pectunculus  albolineatus  Lischke.    J.  M.  C.,  Ill,  p.  108,  pi.  9,  f.  11, 12. 

Kii  coast  (Stearns)  ;  Yedo  (Lischke). 

Pectunculus  fulguratus  Dkr.     Index,  p.  236,  pi.  14,  f.  18,  19. 

Japan  (Dkr.). 

Pectunculus  rotundui  Dkr.     Index,  p.  236,  pi.  16,  f.  9,  10. 

Bay  of  Yedo  (Dkr.). 

Pectunculus  vestitus  Dkr.    Index,  p.  236,  pi.  16,  f.  7,  8. 
Peotunoulus  yessoensis  Sowb.    P.  Z.  S.,  1888,  pi  570,  pi.  28,  f.  19. 

Yesso  (Hungerford). 
Glomus  japonicui  E.  A.  Smith.    Challenger  Lamell.  XIII,  p.  325,  wood-c«t. 

Japan,  S.-E.  of  Nippon,  in  1875  fathoms. 

Nuoulina  ovata  Jeffreys.    Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  XIV,  p.  418. 

Corea  Strait  (St.  John). 

Cyrilla  sulcata  A.  Ad.     [7/u.rkya].    Jonrn.  de  Conchyl.,  1868,  pi.  4,  f.  2. 

Near  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Cyrilla  decussata  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1862,  p.  295. 

LIMOPSIDJE. 

Limopsis  woodwardii  A.  Ad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  237,  pi.  16,  f.  5,  6. 

Specimens  collected  by  Stearns  agree  with  Dunker's  figures  in 
form,  but  have  concentric  brown  streaks  outside  and  brown  pallial 
line. 

Limopsis  japonioa  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  229. 

Kuroshima  and  Kiusu,  26  to  57  fath.  (A.  Ad.). 

Limopsis  obliqua  A.  Ad.     P,  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  229. 

Uraga,  21  fath.     (Ad.) 
Limopsis  cumingi  A.  Ad.    P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  229. 

Goto  and  Santanomosaki,  48  to  55  fathoms. 

Limopsis  crenata  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  230. 

Uraga  and  Satanomosaki,  21  to  55  fathoms. 

Limopsis  forskalii  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1862,  p.  230. 
Oshima,  Takano-Shima,  on  the  sands,  dead. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  NUCULACEA.  151 

Limopsis  oblonga  A.  Ad.    Ann.  Mag.,  1860,  V,  p.  412. 
Off  Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

Limopsis  pelagioa  E.  A.  Smith.     Challenger  Lamell.,  XIII,  p.  22,  254,  pi.  18,  f.  3, 
3a. 

Yokohama  Harbor,  Enoshima,  345  fms.  (Chall.). 

MACRODONTIDJB. 
Macrodon  dalli  Smith.    Challenger  Lamell.  p.  269,  pi.  17,  f.  10. 

Off  Kobe,  50  fms.  (Challenger). 

Cucullaea  concamerata  Martini.     Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  5,  pi.  5,  f.  1,  2. 

Nagasaki  (Lischke). 

(Nuculaeea). 
LEDIDJE. 

Leda  confusa  Hanley.     Thes.,  Ill,  p.  119,  f.  85. 

Japan  (Dkr.,  Stearns)  ;  Bay  of  Yedo  (Lischke). 
Leda  permiloides  A.  Ad.    Dkr.,  Index,  p.  238. 
Yoldia  japonica  Ads.  &  Rve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  75,  pi.  21,  f.  9. 

Nagasaki. 

: ) 

Yoldia  lischkei  E.  A.  Smith.     Challenger  Lamell.,  p.  242,  pi.  20,  f.  4,  4b. 

Yokohama  Harbor,  Enoshima,  345  fathoms  (Challenger). 
Malletia  dunkeri  E.  A.  Smith.    Challenger  Lamell.,  XIII,  p.  323,  wood-cut. 

S.-E.  Nippon  in  1875  fathoms  (Challenger). 
Sarepta  speciosa  A.  Ad.     Journ.  de  Conch.,  1868,  pi.  4,  f.  1. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.  (Ad.). 

NUCTJLID.S;. 

Nucula  paulula  A.  Ad.     P.  Z.  S.,  1856,  p.  52. 

Japan  (Cuming). 
Nucula  niponica  E.  A.  Smith.    Challenger  Lamell.,  XIII,  p.  226. 

S.  of  Nippon  in  345  fathoms  (Challenger). 
Nuoula  (Acila)  mirabilis  Adams  &  Reeve.     Zool.  Samarang,  p.  75,  pi.  21,  f.  8. 

Japan,  Kiushiu,  Nagasaki  Bay  (Ad.  and  Rve.)  ;  off  Kobe  in  8  to 
50  fathoms  (Challenger). 
Nucula  (Acila)  insignis  Gld.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  175. 

E.  coast,  Lat.  37°,  and  at  Hakodate  (Stimpson)..     j        .<:t-..\: 


152  JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  BRACHIOPODA. 

(Solcmyacea). 
SOLEMYIDJE. 
Solemya  pusilla  Old.    Otia  Conch.,  p.  165. 

Hakodate  Bay,  5  fath.,  mud  (Stirnp.). 
Solemya  japonica  Dkr.    Index,  p.  220,  261,  pi.  14,  f.  3. 
Japan  (Dkr.). 

BRACHIOPODA. 
TEREBBATTJLIDJE. 

Terebratula  davidtoni  A.  Ad.    Trans.  Linn.  Soo.  (2),  IV,  p.  9,  pi.  I,  f.  14-16. 
Japan,  Satanomosaki,  55  fathoms  (A.  Ad.). 

Terebratula  (Liothyrina)  itearniii  Dall  A  Pilsbry.    PI.  IX,  figs.  1,  2,  3. 
Proc.  A.M.I.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1891,  p.  165,  pi.  4,  f.  1-3. 

Province  Kii,  east  coast  (Stearns). 

Terebratula  dalli  Dav.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  17,  pi.  2,  fig.  23. 
Off  Japan,  near  Yedo,  1875  fath.  (Challenger). 

Terebratulina  kiieniU  Dall  A  Pilsbrj.    PI.  IX,  figs.  9,  10. 
Nautilus,  V,  p.  18,  pi.  1,  f.  4,  5. 

Coast  of  Prov.  Kii  (Stearns). 

Terebratulina  oaput-serpentU  Linn6.    PI.  XI,  figs.  5,  6. 
Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  17,  p.  3,  fig.  12. 

Sagami  Bay  (Doderlein).    The  figures  are  from  a  West  American 
specimen. 
Terebratulina  crossii  Davidson.    Trans.  Linn.  Soo.  (2),  IV,  p.  33,  pi.  3,  figs.  4-6. 

Sagami  Bay  (Doderlein) ;  Inland  Sea,  S.  coast  of  Kii  (Stearns). 
Terebratulina  japouioa  Sby.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  34,  pi.  3,  figs.  7-11. 

Sagami  Bay  (Doderlein)  ;  Goto  in  48,  Tsusalei  in  55  fathoms  (A. 
Ad.). 

Eudeiia  raphaelis  Dall.    Trans.  Linn.  Soo.  (2),  IV,  p.  58,  pi.  11,  figs.  11-15. 

Near  Yedo  (Pumpelly)  ;  Sagami  Bay,  100-200  fathoms  (Doder- 
lein). 

Eudesia  grayi  Davidson.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  54,  pi.  10,  figs.  1-4. 

Hakodate  and  Mososeki,  7  fath.  (Adams). 

Terebratella  ooreanioa  Ad.  &  Rve.     Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  81,  pi.  13,  figs. 
3-9. 

Japan,  Hakodate,  7  fath.  (A.  Ad.) ;  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  BRACHIOPODA.  153 

Terebratella  gouldii  Dall.    PI.  XI,  figs.  7,  8. 

Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1891,  p.  167,  pi.  4,  f.  4,  5  (adult);  Trans.  L.  Soe.  (2), 
IV,  p.  96,  pi.  17,  figs.  20-22  (Megasella  stage). 

Hakodate,  60  fath.  (Stimpson) ;  E.  coast  of  Japan,  between  Yedo 
and  Ooshima  (Stearns). 
Terebratella  frontalis  Midd.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  86,  pi.  15,  figs.  l-8a. 

Japan  Seas,  from  low  water  to  45  fath.  (Capt.  St.  John). 
Terebratella  mariae  A.  Ad.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  89,  pi.  15,  figs.  13, 14. 

Uraga,  21  fath.,  Goto,  48  fath.,  Satanomosaki,  55  fath.  (A.  Ad.). 
Terebratella  spitzbergensis  Dav.  Tr.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  83,  pi.  16,  f.  1-5. 

Northern  Japan  (A.  Ad.). 

Laqueus  blanfordi  Dkr.      Index,  pi.  14,  f.  4,  5,  6 ;  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p. 
83,  pi.  15,  figs.  9-12. 

Wakayama  (Dkr.)  ;  East  coast  above  Inland  Sea  (Stearns). 

Laqueus  rubellus  Sby.     Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  113,  pi.  19,  figs.  1-5. 

Kuro-Shima,  35  fath.  (Adams)  ;  Yokohama  (Pumpelly) ;  near 
•Jogashima  (Stearns). 

Laqueus  pictus  Chem.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  114,  pi.  18,  figs.  14-18. 

Satanomosaki,  55  fath.  (A.  Ad.). 
Magasella  adamsi  Dav.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  96,  pi.  17,  figs.  18-19. 

Inland  Sea,  Is.  of  Kuro-puna,  26  fath.  (A.  Ad.).  The  adult  of 
this  is  Eudesia  venosa  according  to  Dall. 

Ismenia  sanguinea  Chera.     Chall.  Rep.,  Vol.  I,  p,  20  ;  Conch.  Tab.,  Vol.  8,  p.  96, 
pi.  LXXVIII,  figs.  1-8. 

Mino-Shima,  63  fms.,  Goto,  48  fms.  (Ad.).  Davidson  (1.  e.f  p. 
179)  considers  M.  pulchella  Sowb.  and  M.  reevei  Davidson  forms  of 
this  species. 

RHYNCHONELLIDJE 
Bhynchonella  psittacea  Chem.     Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  163,  pi.  24  figs.  1-11. 

Hakodate. 

Rhynchonella  psittaoea  var.  woodward!  A.  Ad.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  p.  168,  pi. 
24,  figs.  12,  13. 

Goto,  48  fath.,  Rifunsiri  Is.,  35  fath. 
Bhynchonella  luoida  Gld.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  168,  pi.  24,  figs.  15,  16b. 

Lat.  30°  35'  N.,  Long.  130°  40'  E.,  100  fath.,  sand  (Capt.  Stevens 
of  the  "  Hancock  ") ;  Satanomosaki,  55  fath.,  Goto,  48  fath.  (A. 
Ad.). 


154          JAPANESE  MOLLU8K8,  BRACHIOPODA. 

Ehynchonella  doderleini  Dav.     Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  172,  pi.  25,  figs.  14,. 
15. 

Sagami  Bay,  160  fath.  (Doderlein). 

CKANIIDJE. 

Crania  japonioa  Ad.     Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  191,  pi.  27,  figs.  10,  11. 
Goto,  71  fath.  (Adams). 

DISCINIDJE. 
Discinisca  Stella  Old.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  204,  pi.  26,  figs.  27-30. 

Seto-Uchi,  17  fath.,  Isu-Shima,  17-25  fath..  Tabu-Shima,  26  fath.. 
(Adams). 

LINGULIDJE. 
Lingula  anatina  Bruguiere.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  206,  pi.  29,  figs.  1-8. 

Yedo  (Adams)  ;  Enoshima  (Stearns). 
Lingula  jaspidea  Ad.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  218,  pi.  28,  figs.  23-24a. 

Mososeki,  7  fath.,  mud  (Adams). 

Lingula  adamsi  Dull.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  218,  pi.  28,  f.  19. 

Tsaulian  Harbor,  Corean  Archipelago,  7  fms.  (A.  Ad.). 
Lingula  smaragdina  A.  Ad.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  220,  pi.  28,  fig.  25. 

Yobuko,  10  fath.,  mud. 
Lingula  lepidula  A.  Ad.    Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  (2),  IV,  p.  220,  pi.  28,  fig.  16. 

Seto-Uchi,  10  fath.,  mud  (Adams). 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  APPENDIX  I.  155 

APPENDIX  I. 

List  of  Land  and  Freshwater  Mqllusks  collected  in  Japan  by- 
Frederick  Stearns. 

ENDODONTIDJE. 

Pyramidula  (Gonyodiscus)  pauper  Old.    Tokyo  (Stearns). 

HELICIDJB. 

Two  genera  only  of  Helicidce  occur  in  Japan :  EULOTA,  repre- 
sented by  the  sections  Eulotella,  Acusta,  Euhadra,  Plectotropis  and 
JEgista,  and  GANESELLA  represented  by  G.  (Satsuma)  japonica  and 
its  allies. 

From  alcoholic  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Stearns,  the  writer 
has  been  enabled  to  figure  the  anatomy  of  Euhadra  qucesita,  peliom- 
phala,  brandti,  etc.,  Plectotropis  vulgivaga  and  Ganesella  japonica 
(Man.  Conch.  [2],  IX),  and  to  demonstrate  the  true  relationships  of 
these  forms  hitherto  unknown.  By  shell  characters  alone  it  is  at 
present  impossible  to  classify  many  of  the  small  Helices  of  Japan 
and  China.  Their  anatomy  only  can  decide  which  species  belong 
to  Ganesella,  which  to  Eulota.  Some ,  large  forms,  such  as ,  Helix 
largillierti,  papilliformis  and  Stearnsii  are  of  equally  dubious  affini- 
ties. Altogether  the  Helix  fauna  is  very  closely  allied  to  that  of 
middle  and  northern  China,  but  is  poorer  in  variety  of  types.  The 
Euhadra  group  is  its  most  characteristic  element.  Cathaica,  Pseud- 
iberus  and  other  Chinese  Eulota  sections  are  absent,  as  are  Camcena 
and  Plectopylis ;  and  Moellendorffia,  a  group  allied  to  Helicodonta 
in  shell  features,  but  possibly  belonging  near  Chloritis,  is  another 
characteristic  type  of  southern  China  wanting  in  Japan. 

Eulota  similaris  var.  stimpsoni  Pfr.      Nemoto  and  Mera,  Boshiu,  Tokyo,  Katsura, 

Osaka  (Stearns). 

Eulota  sieboldiana  Pfr.    Kyoto  (Gaines)  ;  Mera,  Boshiu,  Yokohama,  Tokyo  (Stearns). 
Eulota  laeta  Gld.     Hokkaido  (Gaines). 

Eulota  (Euhadra)  luhuana  Sowb.  var.  nimbosa  Crosse. 

Arima  (Gaines)  ;  Yokohama  (Stearns).  Bands,  indifferently  twa 
or  three;  sometimes  the  dark  bands  cover  the  ground,  except  for 
the  light  flames ;  and  this  is  the  form  I  have  called  var.  subatra* 
Others  occur  at  Yokohama  without  dark  bands,  but  with  the  papery 
streaks. 


156  JAPANESE  MOLLUSK8,  HELICID^!. 

Eulota  (Euhadra)  luhuana  var.  eoa  Crosse.     Yokohama  (Stearns). 
Eulota  (Euhadra)  luhuana  var.  brandti  Kob.     Nikko  (.Stearns). 
Eulota   Euhadra)  luhuana  var.  nipponensis  Kob. 

Kyoto ;  both  the  plain  and  a  two-banded  form  collected  by  Mr. 
Stearns.  Lip  indifferently  purplish-fleshy  or  white. 

Eulota  (Euhadra)  luhuana  var.  amaliae  Kob. 

Japan  (Stearns). 

Eulota    Euhadra   luhuana  var.  senckenbergiana  Kob.     Mt.  Hie,  Hiezan  (Guinea) 

Eulota  i  Euhadra)  quaesita  Desh.    Near  Yokohama. 

Eulota  (Euhadra)  quaeiita  var.  perryi  Jay.    Nikko  (Stearns). 

Eulota  (Euhadra)  blakeana  Newcomb.     PI.  I,  figs.  3,  7,  8,  8. 

Helix  blakeana  Newc.,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.,  Ill,  p.  179,  (1865)  ;  not 
H.  blakeana  Tate,  1870,  =  Thysanophora  tatei  Pils.,  1895. 

Helix  (Aegista)  blakei  Kobelt,  Faun.  Jap.,  p.  23,  pi.  7,  f.  10,  11. 

Helix  (Eulota  /)  blakei  Kobelt,  Conchyl.  Cab.,  p.  673,  pi.  192, 
f.  9,  10. 

The  type  lot  of  this  species  is  preserved  in  the  museum  of  Cor- 
nell University,  and  consist  of  three  specimens:  the  type  drawn  on 
pi.  I,  figs.  7,  8,  8 ;  a  smaller  specimen  broken  above,  pi.  I,  fig.  3 ; 
and  a  young  shell. 

The  larger  shell  is  slightly  abnormal  in  having  the  last  whorl 
deeply  descending  on  its  last  half,  owing  to  a  slight  fracture.  There 
are  6  whorls,  the  earlier  two  forming  the  nepionic  nucleus,  apex  ob- 
tuse ;  those  following  are  convex,  with  moderately  deep  sutures, 
showing  slight  growth  wrinkles  and  close  minute  spiral,  wavy  im- 
pressed lines,  which  are  well  developed  over  the  whole  surface,  and 
not  different  from  those  of  E.  peliomphala  in  fineness  and  spacing. 
Umbilicus  moderate,  about  one-eleventh  the  diameter  of  the  shell, 
rather  more  open  inside  than  in  peliomphala,  half  covered  by  the 
expanded  columellar  lip.  Alt.  19,  diara.  28  mm. 

The  smaller  specimen  figured  differs  in  the  less  descending  last 
whorl,  less  oblique  aperture,  less  covered  and  larger  umbilicus, 
which  is  between  one-eighth  and  one-ninth  the  diam. ;  alt.  — ,  diam. 
26  mm.  Both  show  a  very  slight,  hardly  noticeable  angulation  of 
the  periphery  at  the  origin  of  the  body  whorl.  The  color  is  a  uni- 
form pale  corneous-buff,  lip  white. 

The  species  is  very  nearly  allied  to  Eulota  peliomphala,  but  seems 
to  be  specifically  distinct.  Kobelt  misquotes  the  reference  to  Cal. 


JAPANESE  MOLLU8KS,  HELICID.K.  157 

Acad.  Proc.,  as  well  as  the  name  of  this  species.  We  are  indebted 
to  Prof.  Gilbert  H.  Harris,  of  Cornell  University  Palseontological 
Department,  for  the  opportunity  of  figuring  these  specimens. 

Eulota  (Aegista  1)  macrocycloides  Kob.    Kyoto  (Gaines). 

Eulota  (Aegista)  kobensis  S.  A  B.    Hiesan  (Gaines). 

Eulota  (Plectotropis)  vulgivaga  S.  &  B.    Yase,  near  Kyoto  (Gaines). 

Ganesella  stearnsii  n.  sp.    PI.  I,  fig.  4. 

Shell  imperforate,  globose-turbinate,  higher  than  wide,  thin,  straw 
colored,  with  a  peripheral  brown  line  visible  above  suture  on  penul- 
timate whorl ;  surface  smooth  to  the  eye,  but  under  a  lens  showing 
very  minute  crowded  spiral  lines  as  in  Eulota  nipponensis,  but  rather 
less  distinct.  Spire  high,  with  convex  outlines ;  whorls  7i,  very 
convex,  flattened  and  arcuate-striatulate  below  the  sutures ;  the  last 
rounded  at  periphery,  somewhat  descending  in  front ;  base  convex, 
impressed  in  the  center.  Aperture  somewhat  oblique,  semilunar, 
white  within  ;  outer  lip  arched,  slightly  expanded,  a  trifle  thickened 
within  ;  columella  straight,  vertical,  narrow,  deeply  inserted,  hardly 
expanded  at  the  insertion,  its  edge  expanded  below,  reflexed  and 
closely  appressed  above  in  a  very  thin  glaze  over  the  axial  region. 
Alt.  29,diam.  24*  mm. 

Mt.  Hie,  Hiesan,  near  Kyoto  (Gaines). 

This  is  an  extraordinary  species,  recalling  If.  sphceroconus  of 
Formosa  and  H.  papilliformis  of  Nippon.  The  former  is  most  nearly 
allied,  but  differs  in  the  flatter  whorls,  etc.  Kobelt's  species  has 
flatter  whorls  ("  convexiusculi ")  and  a  more  slanting  columella,  etc 
Whether  these  species  belong  with  japonica  Pfr.  in  Ganesella,  or 
are  Euhadras  allied  to  myomphala,  remains  to  be  decided  by  ana- 
tomical research. 

The  name  need  not  be  confused  with  Helix  stearnsiana  Gabb,  a 
species  of  Epiphragwophora. 
Ganesella  goodwini  Smith.    Hiesan  (Gaines). 
Ganesella  japonica  Pfr.     Kyoto,  Kobe"  (Gaines). 

Specimens  collected  alive  by  Stearns  supplied  the  anatomical 
description  of  this  genus  in  Man.  Conch.,  IX. 

PUPID-E. 

The  species  of  Clausilia  collected  have  not  yet  been  all  identified, 
and  will  be  treated  of  elsewhere. 


158  JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS. 

SUCCINEIDJE. 

Succinea  lauta  Gld.     Hakodate,  Hokaido  (Stearns). 

AUKICULIDJE. 

Melampus  luteus  Q.  .v  Q. 

Numerous  specimens  brought  from  Japan  by  Mr.  Stearns,  but 
probably  imported. 

LIMNJEIDJE. 

Limnaea  japonioa  Jay.     Hakodate  (Steams). 
Limnaea  goodwinii  Smith.    Tokyo,  Hakodate,  Shimnosiki  (Steams). 

This  probably  is  identical  with  L.  pervia  Mte. 
Flanorbis  ipirillai  Gld.    Kishiu  (Stearns). 

OPEBCULATA. 

Coelopoma  japonioum  A.  Ad.    Kob6,  (C.ainea). 
Cyclotus  campanulatus  Mart.     Kob6  (Gainea). 
Cyclophorus  herklotsi  Mart.     Hiezan  (Gainea). 
Pupinella  rufa  Sowb.     K ..!..  . 
Helioina  japonioa  A.  Ad.     Large  var.     Hiezen  (Gaines). 

VIVIPABIDJE. 

Vivipara  stelmaphora  Bgt.  var.  malleata  Reeve.    Heda  coast  and  Mera,  Prov. 
Bushiu.  washed  up  on  the  beach  (Stearns). 

Vivipara  sclateri  Ffld.     With  the  preceding. 
Vivipara  oxytropis  Bens.    Tokyo  (Stearns). 

MELANIIDJE. 

For  literature  of  Japanese  Melaniidce  see  Boettger,  Nachr.  D.  M. 
Oes.,  1886,  p.  1,  and  Brot,  Recueil  Zool.  Suisse,  IV,  p.  105. 

Melania  japonica  Reeve.      Shimosa,  Yokohama  (small  form),  Kishiu  (young  only), 
Nikko.      (Stearns). 

Melania  multigranosa  Bttg.    Shimosa.     (Stearns). 
Melania  reiniana  Brot.    Shimosa.    (Steam?). 
Melania  libertina  Gld.    Nemoto,  Boshiu.    (Stearns). 
Melania  lobbeokei  Brot. 

Isi.    (Stearns).    Specimens  from  this  locality  are  very  large,  alt. 
55-58  mm. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS,  CYRENIDJE.  159 

UNIONIDJE. 

TTnio  oxyrhynchus  Martens.    Osaka  River  (coll.  by  Gulicb) ;  Uji  River  below  Lake 
Biwa  (Gaines). 

TTnio  schlegelii  Martens.  (Gaines). 

CYRENIDJE. 
Corbicula  orientalis  Desh. 

Numerous  specimens,  collected  by  Stearns,  which  I  cannot  distin- 
guish from  the  continental  form. 
Corbicula  japonica  Prime,    (-\-biformis  Reinh.). 

Yokohama,  on  tide-flats  (Stearns). 
Corbicula  straminea  Reinb.    Mud  flats,  Kishiu  coast  (Stearns). 
Corbioula  martensii  Clessin.     (-\^yokohamensis  Sowb.). 

Tokyo  (Stearns,  in  the  fish  market). 
Sphserium  heterodon  n.  sp.    PI.  Ill,  figs.  15,  16, 17. 

Shell  rhombic-oval,  anterior  end  subtruncate-rounded,  posterior 
end  truncated,  nearly  equilateral,  moderately  convex ;  light  gray, 
with  yellowish  ill-defined  concentric  zones,  and  usually  a  darker 
zone  or  two.  Beaks  calyculate  ;  interior  bluish-white.  Right  valve 
with  a  single  transverse,  elongated  cardinal  in  front  of  the  beak ;  a 
double  short  anterior  lateral  lamella,  a  single  posterior  lamella. 
Left  valve  with  a  single  minute  cardinal,  a  single  short  high  ante- 
rior lamella,  posterior  lamella  double,  short.  Length  9i,  alt.  7£, 
diam.  5i  mm. 

Kishiu,  Hizen  (Stearns). 

The  cardinals  are  extremely  minute,  almost  obsolete.  Two  speci- 
mens have  the  beak  caps  conspicuous,  a  third  having  them  ill-de- 
fined. 


160  LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8K8. 

APPENDIX  II. 

LIST  OF  MOLLUSCA  IN  THE  COLLECTION  OF  FREDERICK  STEARNS 

FROM  THE  MIDDLE  Loo  CHOO  ISLANDS,  WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF 
NEW  SPECIES. 

The  species  listed  below  were  collected  for  Mr.  Stearns  by  Morizo 
Seta  during  1891,  1892.  Part  of  them  were  determined  by  Mr. 
Stearns,  part  by  Mr.  Pilsbry,  the  latter  being  indicated  by  an 
asterisk  (*)  following  the  species  names. 

In  this  list  the  name  Yaeyama  Jima  (" many-peaked  island")  is 
used  for  the  largest  of  the  middle  Loo  Choo  group,  often  known  as 
Okinawa.  We  believe  the  same  term  has  also  been  applied  to 
another  island  of  the  group. 

A  list  of  mollusks  from  the  middle  Loo  Choo  Is.  has  been  pub- 
lished by  Dr.  O.  Bottger  (Nachrichtsblatt  des  Deutschen  Malako- 
zoologischen  Gesellschaft,  1892,  p.  153).  A  recent  general  account 
of  the  physical  and  political  features  of  the  group  may  be  found  in 
The  Geographical  Journal,  V,  April,  May,  June  (London,  1895)  by 
Professor  Basil  Hall  Chamberlain,  of  the  Imperial  University  of 
Japan. 

The  most  remarkable  diversity  exists  in  the  etymology  of  the 
name  of  these  islands,  but  the  form  "  Loo  Choo  "  or  its  phonetic 
equivalent  "  Luchu  "  seems  preferable  for  English  speaking  peoples. 

The  malacological  fauna  of  this  chain  of  islands  seems  to  be  mod- 
erately homogeneous  as  far  as  known. 

ARGONAUTIDJE. 

Argonauta  gondola  Dillw.    Yaeyama. 


ACT2EONIDJE. 


Solidula  glabra  Rve.*    Yaeyama. 
Bullina  soabra  Gmel.*    Yaeyama. 


BTTLLID2E. 

Bulla  vernicosa  Gld.    Yaeyama. 
17  live  shells,  col.  varieties. 

SCAPHANDRIDJE. 

Atys  oylindrica  Helbling.    Yaeyama. 

Nat.  name  Shira-Kai  (white  shell}.  200  shells,  mostly  living. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  161 

HYDATINIDJE. 
Hydatina  physis  Lin.    3  shells.    Yaeyama. 

SIPHONAKIIDJE. 
Siphonaria  coreensis  Ads.  &  Rve.*    Yaeyama. 

AUBICTJLID2E. 
Pythia  scarabeus  Linn.  (?).     1  Shell.    Yaeyama. 

Melampus  caffer  Krauss.     Yaeyama.     Very  abundant.     Dr.  0.  Boettger  has  kindly 
determined  the  specimens. 

LIMNJEIDJE. 
Limnaea  pervia  Marts.    Yaeyama. 

100  live  shells  (brought  home  in  alcohol  with  a  lot  of  Melampus). 
ZONITID.E:. 

Trochomorpha  fritzei  Boettger.*    PI.  X,  figs.  9,  10,  11. 
Bttg.,  Nachrbl.  D.  M.  G.,  1892,  p.  160. 

Dr.  Boettger's  excellent  description  of  this  species  leaves  nothing 
to  be  desired.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  acute  keel  encircling  the 
umbilicus.  The  specimen  figured  is  from  the  same  island  where  the 
types  were  originally  found,  Okinawa  or  Yaeyama ;  it  measures : 
alt.  6,  diam.  min.  20,  diam.  maj.  22  mm.,  being  slightly  larger  than 
Boettger's  types. 

HELICIDJE. 

Ganesella  largillierti  Philippi  *    PI.  X,  figs.  12, 13,  14. 

Reported  by  Largilliert  from  the  Loo  Choo  Is.,  and  also  included 
in  Boettger's  list.  There  are  three  color  varieties : 

Var.  immaeulata  Ad.  &  Rv.  (PI.  X,  fig.  12).  Pale,  almost  white 
above,  with  a  yellowish-green  sutural  margin  and  base  ;  apex  white. 
(C.  Icon.,  f.  420). 

Var.  eucosmia  Pils.  (PI.  X,  fig.  14).  Body  whorl  begirt  with  dark 
chestnut  zones  ;  apex  white  or  pinkish.  Conf.  Smith,  P.  Z.  S.  1887, 
p.  317. 

Var.  zacosmia  Pils.  (PL  X,  fig.  13).  Body  whorl  having  a  black 
band  immediately  above  the  periphery,  fading  into  rich  reddish- 
chestnut  toward  the  suture ;  a  white  or  yellow  band  below  periphery, 
bordered  by  a  black  zone  below,  the  middle  of  the  base  yellowish- 
chestnut  or  reddish-chestnut,  apex  purple.  The  coloring  of  this 
variety  is  wonderfully  rich  for  a  Satsuma. 

All  of  the  above  varieties  collected  on  Yaeyama  Island. 
Eulota  (Euhadra)  yaeyamensis  Pilsbry.    PI.  IX,  figs.  1,  2,  3. 

Shell  sinistral,   perspectively   umbilicated,   depressed,   thin  but 
rather  solid,  light  brown,  with  a  supra-peripheral  brown  line.     Sur- 
11 


162  LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8KH. 

face  irregularly  wrinkle-striate,  and  in  places  showing  an  excessively 
fine,  superficial  spiral  striation.  Spire  low  conoidal,  composed  of  6 
convex,  slowly  widening  whorls,  the  last  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the 
preceding,  a  trifle  descending  in  front,  rounded  at  the  periphery  and 
beneath.  Aperture  oblique,  wide  lunate;  peristome  flesh-tinted, 
narrowly  expanded  and  subreflexed,  and  slightly  thickened  within* 
dilated  at  the  columellar  insertion.  Alt.  17,  greater  diam.  27 i, 
lesser  23  ram. 

Yaeyama  (Okinawa)  Island,  Loo  Choo  group  (Frederick  Stearns). 

This  species  is  apparently  most  nearly  allied  to  the  Chinese  H.  lati- 
labris  Mlldff.,  but  the  umbilicus  is  more  open,  the  lip  narrower* 
aperture  more  oblique,  etc.  The  umbilicus  is  wider  and  more  open 
than  in  H.  qucexita. 

Another  specimen  is  smaller  (alt.  15,  greater  diam.  24,  lesser 
diam.  20J  mm.),  and  straw-colored,  with  the  usual  dark  girdle. 

Eulota  i  Euhadra;  quaesita  Desb.     Yaeyama. 

Eulota  (Euhadra)  mercatoria  Gray.    PI.  X,  figs.  1, 2,  3,  4,  5,  6. 

Yaeyama  I.  (Stearns,  29  specimens). 

Of  this  species  I  believe  H.  caliginosa  Adams  &  Reeve  (Voy. 
Samarang,  Moll.,  p.  62,  pi.  xvi,  fig.  6)  to  be  a  synonym.  The  local- 
ity "  Mindanao  "  is,  if  I  am  right,  probably  incorrect.  The  species 
shows  the  same  great  range  of  variability  that  is  characteristic  of 
the  Japanese  Euhadras. 

Figure  4  represents  a  large  specimen  uniform  blackish  in  color 
except  for  slightly  marked  light  bands  above  and  below  the  periph- 
ery. 

Figure  6  is  the  lightest  specimen  seen,  being  of  a  clear  yellow  tint 
with  a  dark  line  at  periphery.  It  is  light  below  the  sutures,  like 
the  type  of  caliginosa.  Figures  1,  2,  3  represent  an  average  speci- 
men. 

Figure  5  is  the  smallest  shell,  measuring  17  J  mm.  diam.  It  is  dis- 
tinctly carinated  in  front,  as  are  some  other  stunted  specimens  of  the 
lot. 

All  gradations  of  form,  size  and  coloring  between  these  selected 
specimens  are  represented  in  the  series  secured  by  Mr.  Stearns. 

Eulota  (Euhadra)  connivens  Pfr. 

Yaeyama  Island  (Stearns). 

This  species  varies  from  17  J  to  27  mm.  in  greatest  diameter,  and 
shows  much  mutability  in  the  degree  of  depression  of  the  spire. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  163 

Euiota  (Acusta)  despecta  Gray.*-    PI.  X,  figs  7,  8. 

Yaeyama. 

The  shell  varies  in  color  from  yellow  or  straw-colored  with  nearly 
white  aperture,  to  purplish-red  with  fleshy-purple  aperture. 
Euiota  (Aegista)  oculus  Pfr.*     (typinsana  A.  &  R.).    Yaeyama. 

Adult  specimens  vary  from  19  to  27  mm.  diameter.  They  agree 
well  with  the  figures  of  H.  typinsana  Adams  &  Reeve,  Zool.  '  Sam- 
arang,'  pi.  xv,  fig.  3. 

Euiota  (Aegista)  vermis  Reeve.*    PI.  IX,  figs.  7,  8,  9. 

Yaeyama  (Stearns). 

Many  examples  of  this  splendid  species  were  obtained.       It  is 
notable  for  the  depression  of  the  inner  whorls,  which  are  frequently 
concave. 
Euiota  (Pleototropis)  mackensii  Adama  &  Rve.*    Yaeyama. 

About  75  specimens  of  this  magnificent  species  were  secured  by 
Mr.  Stearns.  They  are  very  large,  from  34  to  39  mm.  diameter, 
varying  in  color  from  light  straw-colored  or  greenish-yellow  to  dark 
reddish-chestnut.  One  of  these  is  figured  in  Man.  Conch.  (2),  IX 
pi.  64,  fig.  16-17. 

Euiota  (Plectotropis)  elegantissima  Pfr.* 

Yaeyama,  (Stearns,  17  specimens). 

Perfectly  fresh  shells  show  a  fringe  of  long,  delicate  hairs  at  the 
periphery,  and  along  the  suture  of  the  last  whorl. 

PUPIDJE. 

Clausilia  (Stereophaedusa)  valida  Pfr.* 

Clausilia  (Stereophsedusa)  Stearnsii  Pilsbry.    PI.  I,  fig.  12. 

Shell  elongated,  regularly  tapering,  the  next  to  the  last  and  the 
last  whorl  widest,  the  latter  hardly  contracted  below ;  moderately 
solid,  closely,  lightly  striated,  the  strise  wanting  on  the  earlier 
whorls,  more  distinct  and  spaced  on  the  latter  part  of  the  last  whorl. 
Color  opaque  purplish-brown.  Whorls  12-13,  but  slightly  convex, 
separated  by  a  shallow,  simple  suture.  Aperture  contained  4?  to 
4f  times  in  length  of  shell ;  peristome  reflexed,  whitish,  slightly 
thickened,  not  adnate ;  superior  lamella  strong,  extending  to  the 
lip-edge ;  inferior  lamella  deep-seated,  parallel  to  the  superior,  in- 
visible from  the  front ;  subcolumellar  lamella  extending  to  lip-edge, 
bounded  by  grooves  ;  palatal  plicae  two,  the  upper  one  long,  second 
rather  short,  with  a  thin  white  subvertical  lunella  below  it,  which  is 
strengthened  below  into  a  low  bar. 


164  LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8K8. 

Alt.  31,  greatest  diameter  of  last  whorl  above  aperture  5  mill. 

Alt.  26,  greatest  diameter  of  last  whorl  above  aperture  5  mill. 

Yaeyama  (Okinawa),  Loo  Choo  Is.  (Fr.  Stearns). 

Believing  this  species  to  be  new,  I  sent  examples  to  Prof.  Dr.  O. 
Boettger,  the  great  authority  on  these  shells,  and  received  the  fol- 
lowing emphatic  confirmation  of  my  opinion  :  "  Die  Clausilia  von 
Okinawa  ist  ohne  jeden  Zweifel  n.  sp.  Es  ist  eine  Stereophcedusa, 
und  steht  in  der  Mitte  zwischen  japonica  Crosse  and  brevior  v.  Mts." 

No  similar  form  has  hitherto  been  reported  from  the  Loo  Choo 
group,  the  nearest  allies  of  the  species  being  Japanese.  It  is  named 
in  honor  of  Mr.  FREDERICK  STEARNS  of  Detroit,  who  has  contributed 
so  largely  to  our  knowledge  of  the  Japanese  fauna.  The  specimens 
vary  considerable  in  length,  but  not  in  other  characters. 

TEREBRIDJE. 
Terebra  (Subula)  maculata  Linn.    Yaeyaina. 

Native  name,  Take-noko-kai  (bamboo  sprout  shell).  1  full 
grown  live  shell  7",  with  operculum  and  one  each  without,  5f"  and 
3". 

Terebra  (Subula)  muscaria  Lain.(var.).     Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 
Terebra  (Subula)  muscaria  Lam.    (Typical). 

Native  name,  Ushi-no-Tsuno,  bora  (bull's  horn  shell),  28  live 
shells.     Hirame  Jima. 
Terebra  (Subula)  crenulata  Linn.    Kudaka  Is. 

Native  name,  Uno-Tsuna,  bora  (big  rope  shell). 
Terebra  (Subnla)  dimidiate  Lam.    Kudaka  Is. 

Native  name,  same  as  previous  species ;  1 1  live  shells. 

CONIDJE. 
Conns  marmoreus  Linn.    Ohon-me  Is. 

Native  name,  Bote-furi,  bora.  27  live  shells,  medium  and  small, 
the  largest  6  cm.  long. 

Conns  imperialis  Linn.    Yaeyama. 

Native  name,  Nagashi-nani.  4  live  shells,  7  cm.  long. 
Conns  vexillum  Gml.  Itoma  Jima. 

5  fine  live  shells,  with  epidermis,  the  largest  5}"  long. 
Conns  miles  Linn.  Kobasbima. 

9  live  shells  with  epidermis,  the  largest  7  cm.  long. 
Native  name,  Imo-Gai  (sweet-potato  shell). 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  165 

Conus  capitaneus  Linn.     Kudata. 

Native  name,  Hibi-bora.     1  live  shell,  53  mm.  long. 
Conus  geographus  Linng.* 

Native  name,  Naga-bai  (long  shell). 

13  mature,  fine  live  shells.     Koba-shima  Is.     Length  from  8  cm. 
to  11  cm. 

Conus  striatus  Linn.     Yaeyama  Is. 

Native  name,  Nagashi-nani.     15  mature  live  shells. 
Conus  tulipa  (var.  near  C.  obscurus  Rve.).     1  live  shell.     Kudaka  Is. 

Native  name,  Hibi-bora. 
Conus  quercinus  Hwass  (var.). 

Native  name,  Hibi-bora.     14  live  shells,  8  cm.  and  less.    Kudaka 
Is. 

Conus  figulinus  Linn.     Kudaka  Is. 

1  fine  live  shell  6  cm.,  but  very  much  darker  in  color  than  the 
type.    Native  name,  Hibi-bora. 
Conus  vitulinus  Hwass.    Nago  Is. 

1  live  shell  39  mm.  long. 
Conus  punoturatus  Hwass.     Kudaka. 

1  live  shell  16  mm.  long. 
Conus  lividus  Hwass.     Oshima  Is. 

18  live  shells  with  epidermis,  the  largest  54  mm.  long. 
Conus  hebraeus  Linn.    Hirame  Jima. 

3  live  shells,  the  largest  30  mm.  long. 
Conus  pulioarius  Hwass.*    Ohon-me  Is. 

1  live  shell  6  cm. 

Conus  literatus  Linn.     Kobashima.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  6,  p.  10,  pi.  2,  fig.  17. 
10  shells  with  epidermis,  the  largest  13  cm.  long. 

Conus  literatus  Linn.  var.  millepunctatus  Lam.     Kobashima.    Try.,  Man.  Vol.  6, 
p.  10,  pi.  2,  fig.  19. 

14  shells,  mostly  mature,  the  largest  82  m.  long,  with  epidermis. 
Conus  eburneus  Hwass.     Kudaka  Is.    Try.,  Man.  Vol.  6,  p.  11,  pi.  2,  fig.  24. 

In  this  specimen  the  square  spots  are  fewer  and  more  distant. 
1  live  shell  5  cm.  long,  without  epidermis. 

Conus  textile  Linn.     Kaboshima. 

9  live  shells,  the  largest  10  cm.  long. 


166  LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8K8 

Conus  aulicus  Linn.    Kudaka  Is. 

1  live  shell,  9  cm.  long. 
Conns  miliaris  1 1  was-.  •     Loo  Cboo  Is. 
Conns  omaria  Hwass.*    Yaeyama. 

OLIVIDJE. 
Oliva  irisans  Lam.  var.  erythrostoma  Lam. 

Native  name,  Naga-Bai  (long  shell).     26  live  shells.      Hirarae 
Jima  Is. 

Oliva  irisans  Lam.  var.  olympiadina  Duel.  (=  0.  pica  Lam.). 
1  shell.     Yaeyama. 

Oliva  mustelina  Lam.    Yaeyama.    T.,  M.  Vol.  5,  p.  78,  pi.  22,  figs.  6-14. 

3  live  shells,  slightly  varying. 
Oliva  guttata  Lam.*    Yaeyama. 

EABNM. 

Harpa  conoidalis  Lam. 

Native  name,  Sho-ko-no-Nishiki  (meaning  gold  brocade  shell). 
5  live  shells,  various  sizes.     Yaeyama. 

Harpa  minor  Humph,  (var.).     2  live  shells.     Kudnka  Is. 
Harpa  nobilis  Lam.     1  live  shell.    Yaeyama. 

MITRIDJE. 
Mitra  episcopalis  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  Ill,  pi.  32,  fig.  1. 

Yaeyama.     Native  name,  Takenoko-Kai  (bamboo  sprout  shell). 
30  shells. 

Mitra  pontificalis  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  Ill,  pi.  32,  fig.  3. 

Yaeyama.      Native  name,  Takenoko-Kai  (bamboo  sprout  shell). 
10  live  shells. 
Mitra  (Costellaria)  ezasperata  Gm.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  180. 

Yaeyama.     None  of  the  figures  given  in  Tryon  are  good.     11  live 
shells. 

Mitra  (Tnrricnla)  corrugata  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  168,  pi.  50,  fig.  429. 

Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 
Mitra  (Chrysama)  digitalis  Chem.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  149,  pi.  44,  fig.  278. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 

Mitra  (Soabrioola)  sphaerulata  Mart.    Tryon.  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  122,  pi.  39,  fig.  149- 
158. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  167 

Mitra  (Turricula)  taeniata  var.  vittata  Swains.    (=M.  taylorianaSby.)    Tryon, 
Vol.  4,  p.  164,  pi.  48,  figs.  385-388. 

Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 
Mitra  (Turricula)  berth*  Sby.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  168,  pi.  49,  fig.  417. 

Yaeyama.     1  good  dead  shell. 
Mitra  (Turricula)  plicata  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  167,  pi.  50,  fig.  420. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 
Mitra  cardinalis  Gmel.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  Ill,  pi.  32,  fig.  4. 

Yaeyama.     4  live  shells. 
Mitra  puncticulata  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  115,  pi.  33,  fig.  25. 

Yaeyama.     5  live  shells. 
Mitra  (Mitroidea)  telum  Sby.  (var.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  163,  pi.      ,  fig.  176. 

Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 

Mitra  (Strigatella)  literata  Lam.  var.*    Yaeyama. 
Mitra  (Strigatella)  virgata  Rve.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  156,  pi.  46,  fig.  34. 

Yaeyama.     4  live  shells. 
Mitra  (Cylindra)  dactylus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  197,  pi.  57,  fig.  658. 

Kudaka  Is.     Native  name,  Hibi-Bora.     11  live  shells. 
Mitra  (Cylindra)  crenulata  Gml.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  197,  pi.  57,  fig.  666. 

Kudaka  Is.     1  live  shell. 

FASCIOLARIID.E. 

Fusus  tuberosus  Reeve.*    Kudaka  Is, 

Fusus  inconstans  Lisch.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  54,  pi.  33,  figs.  102-17. 

Yaeyama.      Native    Dame,  Youaki-momo    (night-crying   shell). 
10  live  shells. 

Fusus  multicarinatus  Lam. 

Yaeyama.     Native  name,  same  as  above.     1  live  shell. 
Fusus  distans  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  pi.  36,  fig.  131. 

Yaeyama.     Native  name,  as  above.     5  live  shells. 

Fusus  colus  Linn.  (var.).     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  52,  figs.  90-95. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 

Fusus  nicobaricus  Lam.  (var.  near  F.  laticostatus  Desh.). 

Hirame  Jima  Is.     12  live  shells. 
Fasciolaria  filamentosa  Lam.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  75,  pi.  59,  fig.  9. 

Itoma  Jima  Is.      Native  name,  Yauaki-Gai  (night-crying  shell). 
3  live  shells  with  operculum  and  5  without. 


168  LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8K8. 

Fasciolaria  trapezium  Lam. 

Nago  Island.      1  young  shell,  also  8  full-grown,  3  with  opercula 
and  5  without. 

Latirug  polygonus  Gml.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  88,  pi.  66-67,  figs.  106-114. 

Hirame  Jima  Is.     2  live  shells. 
Lagena  smaragdula  Linn.      Loo  Choo  la. 

TURBINELLA. 
Turbinella  (Vasum)  turbinellum  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  72.  fig».  20-22. 

Hirame  Jima  Is.     45  live  shells. 
Turbinella  (Vasum)  ceramioum  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  72,  pi.  21,  fig.  18. 

Hirame  Jima  Is.      Native  name,  Naga-Bai  (long  shell).      9  live 
shells,  1  very  large. 

Hemifusui  ternatanui  Gml.  (=Pyrulatuba  Lam.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  112, 
pi.  44,  fig.  233. 

Kudaka  Is.     Native  name,  Uni.    4  live  shells. 

BUCCINIDJE. 
Siphonalia  cassidariformis  Rve.  =  S.  ornata  and  S.  conspersa  A.  Ad. 

Yaeyama.     14  live  shells. 
Siphonalia  kelletti  Forbes.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  134,  pi.  54,  fig.  352. 

17  live  shells. 

Eburna japonica  Sby. 

Yaeyama.    7  living,  but  half-grown  shells. 
Tritonidea  undulata  Schepin  *    Middle  Loo  Choo  Is. 
Tritonidea  undosa  Linn.     Yaeyama. 
Tritonidea  (Cantharus)  rubiginosa  Reeve.*    Loo  Choo  Is. 

NASSIDJE. 

Nassa  murioata  Quoy  A  Gaimard  (=  N.  gruneri  Rve.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  5,  p.  44, 
pi.  14,  fig.  217. 

Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 
Nassa  coronata  Drug.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  23,  pi.  7,  fig.  8. 

Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 
Nassa  hirta  Kiener  var.*    Yaeyama. 
Nassa  stigmaria  A.  Ad.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  54,  pi.  16,  fig.  308. 

Yaeyama.    4  live  shells. 

Nassa  picta  Dkr.  var.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  4,  p.  35,  pi.  11,  fig.  139. 
Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  169 

COLTJMBELLIDJE. 

Columbella  flava  Brug.*    Loo  Choo  Is. 
Columbella  scrip ta  Lam.*    Loo  Choo  Is. 
Columbella  (Conidea)  discors  Gmel.*    Yaeyaina. 
Columbella  (Fusiostoma)  mendioaria  Linn. 
Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 

MURICIDJE. 

Murex  (Chicoreus)  ramosus  Linn. 

Yaeyama.     12  large  shells,  full-grown,  1  half-grown. 
Murex  (Chicoreus)  brevifrons  Lam. 

Yaeyama.    Found  also  in  many  parts  of  the  islands.      21  shells 
in  various  stages  of  growth. 
Murex  adustus  Lam.* 

Called  Yako-Gai  in  all  parts  of  the  islands. 

Murex  (Chicoreus)  maurus  Brod.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  2,  p.  89,  pi.  38,  fig.  139. 
Yaeyama.     1  shell. 

Kapana  bezoar  Linn. 

Kudaka  Is.     Native  name,  Ushi-no-tsumo,  bora  (bull's  mouth 
shell).     1  shell,  mature;  1  half-grown. 
Furpura  persica  Linn,  var.*    Kobashima. 
Furpura  mancinella  Linn.*    Loo  Choo  Is. 
Furpura  (Thalessa)  armigera  Chem. 

Called  in  Loo  Choo  Konpeto-Gai  (konpeto  meaning  sweet-meats). 
10  shells. 

Furpura  (Thalessa)  hippocastaneum  L.,  var.  sulcata  Desh. 

From  Hirame  Jima  Is.     17  shells, 
lopas  sertum  Brug.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  II,  p.  180,  pi.  55,  fig.  189. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 

Ricinula  histrix  Lam. 

Loo-Choo  Is.  8  shells  with  rather  light  pink  aperture,  10  with 
darker. 

Eicinula  horrida  Lam. 

Yaeyama.  Called  Ushi-no-guchi,  momo,  meaning  bull's  mouth 
shell.  6  with  apertures  dark  purple,  9  with  apertures  somewhat 
lighter. 


170  LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS. 

Bicinnla  arachnoides  Lam.  ==  K.  ricinus  Linn. 

Yaeyama.     Called  Ushi-no-guchi,  momo,  meaning  bull's  mouth 
shell.    5  shells. 

Sistrum  concatenatum  Lam.*    Loo  Choo  IB. 

TEITONIDJE. 

Triton  tritonis  Linn.  (=  T.  variegatua  Linn.)  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  9,  pi.  3-5,  figs. 
16-25. 

Yaeyama.     10  shells,    full-grown  ;    25  smaller  (very   fine   live 
shells). 

Triton  nodiferus  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  10,  pi.  1,  fig.  3;  pi.  3,  fig.  417. 
Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 

Triton  (Simpulum)  pilearii  Linn,  (var.)    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  12,  pi.  8,  figs.  31- 
36. 

Yaeyama.     11  live  shells. 
Triton  (Gutterninm)  tuberoini  Lam.* 

Yaeyama.   Native  name,  Ushi-no-hana,  bora  (bull's  nostril  shell). 
4  live  shells. 

Triton  (Lotorium)  olavator  Chemn.  =  T.  exilis  Rve.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  21,  fig. 

86. 

Yaeyama.     1  young  shell. 

Triton  (Cymatium)  pyrum  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  19,  pi.  11,  fig.  79;  pi.  10, 
fig.  76. 

Yaeyama.     1  living  adult  shell. 
Eanella  (Lampas)  bufonia  Gmel.  (var.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  39,  pi.  21,  fig.  68. 

Yaeyama.     7  live  shells. 
Eanella  albivaricosa  Rve.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  38,  pi.  18,  fig.  6. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 
Eanella  (Lampas)  lampas  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  I,  p.  38,  pi.  19,  fig.  12. 

Yaeyama.     5  shells  typical.     5  shells  with  lighter  colored  aper- 
ture, perhaps  only  older  shells. 
Eanella  (Lampas)  granifera  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  3,  p.  41,  pi.  22,  fig.  35. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 

CASSIDIDJE. 

Cassis  rufa  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  2,  p.  273,  pi.  3.  fig.  57. 
Yaeyama.     2  fine  live  shells. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSK8.  171 

Cassis  glauca  Lam.    Nago  Is. 

Var.  near  C.  coronulata  Sby.,  except  that  it  is  continuously  banded 
longitudinally.  9  live  shells. 

Cassis  vibex  Linn.  (=  C.  torquata  Rve.)     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  2,  p.  277,  pi.  7,  fig.  89, 
90,  92,  93. 

Yaeyama.  Native  name,  Yauaki-Momo  (night-crying  shell).  12 
live  shells. 

Cassis  coronulata. 

Nago  Is.     1  live  mature  shell. 

Oniscia  exquisita  Ad.  Rve.  (=  0.  ponderosa  Hanley)     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  282, 
pi.  8,  fig.  100. 

Yaeyama.     1  shell. 
Dolium  perdix  Linn.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  264,  pi.  3,  fig.  15. 

Hirame  Jima.     Native  name,  Udsura-gai  (quail  shell).     Also  1 
full-grown  shell  from  Yaeyama.     26  shells,  3£"  to  2f". 
Dolium  costatum  Mke.  (var.)  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  263,  pi.  4,  fig.  19. 

Itoma  Jima  Is.     1  young  shell. 

Dolium  costatum  Mke,  var.  maculatum  Lam.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  264,  pi.  4, 
fig.  21. 

Itoma  Jima  Is.  Native  name,  Ki  gai  (interest  shell).  2  live  shells, 
not  adult. 

Dolium  pomum  Linn.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  265,  pi.  5,  fig.  26. 

Yaeyama.    Native  name,  Ki-gai  (interest  shell).    10  young  shells, 
1  to  H  inch  long. 
Dolium  melanostoma  Jay. 

Yaeyama.     1  very  young  shell. 

CYPK.EID.K. 
Cypraea  (Luponia)  tigris  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  180,  pi.  11,  figs.  49-50. 

Itoma  Jima  Is. 

Over  100  very  fine  live  shells,  which  I  have  separated  into  no  less 
than  15  well-marked  color  varieties.  They  vary  from  very  light 
cream-color,  body  sparsely  blotched  with  brownish-black  spots,  to 
others  which  are  deeply  mottled  like  tortoise  shell. 

There  are  also  a  number  of  immature  shells  of  various  sizes* 
These  specimens  are  incomparably  finer  in  polish  and  lustre  than 
specimens  of  this  species  usually  imported  in  bulk,  and  which  are 
much  scratched  and  without  lustre. 

Native  name,  Hibi-bora  ;  Japanese  name,  Neko-gai  (or  cat  shell). 


172  LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSK8. 

Cypraea  talpa  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  167,  pi.  3,  figs.  31-33. 

Kudaka  Is.    10  fine  live  shells,  72  mm.  and  smaller  and  3  beach- 
worn. 

Cypraea  argus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  164,  pi.  1,  figs.  1-2. 

Kudaka  Is.     1  very  fine  live  shell,  6  cm. 

Cypraea  Isabella  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  165,  pi.  1,  figs.  6-7. 

Kudaka  Is.    5  fine  large  shells,  4  poor  and  bleached. 
Cypraea  oarneola  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  166,  pi.  8,  figs.  26-30. 
Kudaka  Is.     12  fine  live  shells. 

Cypraea  (Arioia)  caput-ierpentis  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  173,  pi.  6,  figs.  °.8, 
99,  100. 

Kudaka  Is.     131  fine  live  shells.    Several  varieties  of  marking. 
Cypraea  (Arioia)  caput-anguis  Phil.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  173,  pi.  23,  fig.  59. 

Kudaka  Is.     10  fine  live  shells. 
Cypraea  (Arioia)  mauritiana  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  173,  pi.  7,  figs.  8-11. 

Kudaka  Is.    31  mature  fine  live  shells,  with  three  styles  of  varietal 
marking. 
Cypraea  (Arioia)  arabioa  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  177,  pi.  8,  fig.  24. 

139  fine  live  shells  (typical). 
Cypraea  (Arioia)  annulus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  178,  pi.  11,  figs.  60-61. 

Kudaka  Is.     33  fine  live  shells. 
Cypraea  (Arioia)  moneta  Linn.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  177,  pi.  10.  fig.  40. 

Kudaka  Is.   Light  yellow  variety.  3  dark  bands  across  the  back  ; 
50  fine  live  shells. 

Cypraea  (Arioia)  moneta  Linn.*    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  177,  pi.  11,  figs.  51-52. 

Kudaka  Is.     Fine  deep-yellow  variety ;  50  fine  live  shells. 
•Cypraea  (Luponia)  vitellus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  182,  pi.  13,  figa.  72-73. 

Kudaka  Is.     52  fine  live  shells,  with  considerable  variety   in 
marking. 
Cypraea  (Luponia)  lynx  Linn.*    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  183,  pi.  14,  figs.  86-87. 

Kudaka  Is.    24  fine  live  shells. 

Cypraea  onyx  Linn6.*    Loo  Choo  la. 

Cypraea  (Luponia)  errones  Linn.*    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  183,  pi.  14,  fig.  7. 
Kudaka  Is.     30  live  shells. 

Cypraea  (Luponia)  erosa  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  192,  pi.  18,  figs.  100-101. 
Kudaka  Is.     4  live  shells. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS. 

Cypraea  (Luponia)  helvola  Linn. 

Kudaka  Is.    2  live  shells. 
Cypraea  (Luponia)  asellus  Linn. 

Kudaka  Is.     1  full-grown  shell  and  3  smaller. 
Cypraea  cylindrica  Born.*    Kudaka  Is. 
Cyprae  (Pustularia)  staphylea  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  197,  pi.  20,  fig.  44. 

Kudaka  Is.     1  live  shell. 
Cypraea  (Epona)  cioercula  Linn. 

Kudaka  Is.     Native  name,  Koyasiu-Kai  (little  shell).     2  live 
shells. 

OVTJLID.E. 
Ovula  ovum  Linn.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  246,  p.  1,  figs.  11-12. 

Hirame  Jima.     8  fine  live  shells. 

STROMBIDJE. 

Strombus  lentiginosus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  110,  pi.  3,  figs.  23-24. 

Yaeyama.     Native  name,  Ushi-no-momo  (bull's  nose  shell).     31 
live  shells. 
Strombus  latissimus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  Ill,  pi.  3,  fig.  27. 

Katsuren  Jima.     3  fine  live  shells. 

Strombus  costatus  Gmel.  var.  inermis  Swains.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  108,  pi.  1, 
fig.  8. 

Ohon-me  Is.   Native  name,  Yonaki-momo  (night  crying  shell).  1 
live  mature  shell,  14  cm.  x  8  cm. 
Strombus  canarium  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  110,  pi.  2,  figs.  18-20. 

Kobashima.     33  live  shells,  several  varietal  markings. 

Strombus  urceus  Linn.  var.  sanatellus  Duel.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  118,  pi.  6,  figs. 
65,  66,  67. 

Kudaka  Is.     Native  name,  Hibi-Bora.     30  live  shells. 

Strombus  luhuanus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  122,  pi.  8,  fig.  91. 

Kudaka  Is.     2  live  shells. 
Strombus  aratrum  Martyn*  (patificus  Swains). 

Itoma-Jima  Is.     Native  name,  Asagi-Kai.     9  fine  live  shells. 
Strombus  aurisdianae  Linn.*    Itoma-Jima  Is. 
Strombus  aurisdianae  var.  laevis  Perry.*    Itoma-Jima  Is. 


174  LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS. 

Pterocera  bryonla  Gmel.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  124,  pi.  8,  fig.  14;  pi.  9,  fig.  8. 

Katsuren  Jima  Is.  5  shells,  3,  12"  long  and  2  younger.  Native 
name,  Nanatsu-Maimai  (seven  horned  shell).  The  Japanese  name 
is  Kumo-Gai  (or  spider-web  shell). 

Pterocera  lambis  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  124,  pi.  8,  figs.  1-3. 

Katsuren  Jima  Is.  41  adult  shells.  Native  name,  Nanatsu- 
Maimai  (seven-horned  shell).  Japanese  name,  Kumo-Gai  (or  spider- 
web  shell).  Also  41  full-grown  but  not  large.  Also  17  small  or  a 
smaller  variety  with  brilliant  dark  chocolate  cloudings  on  the  back, 
and  10  young  shells,  half-grown,  with  spines  just  started.  Also  50 
young  shells,  without  the  last  spread-whorl  or  horns. 
Pterooera  rugosa  Sby.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  7,  p.  126,  pi.  10,  fig.  12. 

Katsuren  Jima  Is.     35  shells.  All  adult  except  5  young ;  2  of  the 
adult  shells  have  very  much  darker  pinkish  apertures  than  the 
others. 
Seraphs  terebellum  Linn6.*    Loo  Choo  Is. 

CERITHIIDJE. 
Cerithium  nodulosum  Brug\    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  122,  pi.  20,  fig.  15. 

Kaboshima  Is.     34  live  shells,  the  largest  species  of  the  family. 
Cerithium  echinatum  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  123,  pi.  20,  fig.  274. 

Kudaka  Is.     Native  name,  Chiu-Bora.     7  live  mature  shells. 
Cerithium  tuberculatum  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  133,  pi.  24,  fig.  25. 

Yaeyama.     13  live  shells. 
Cerithium  columna  Sby.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  123,  pi.  20,  fig.  19. 

Yaeyama.    3  live  shells. 

Cerithium  morus  var.  moniliferum  Dufresne.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  133,  pi.  24, 
fig.  35. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 

Cerithium  rubus  Mart.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  131,  p.  23,  fig.  4. 
Yaeyama.     1  shell. 

Clava  (Vertagus)  vertagus  Linn.    White  var.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  149,  pi.  29, 
fig.  69. 

Katsuren  Jima.  Native  name,  Shiro-ji-tsu-tan,  bora.  14  live 
shells. 

Clava  (Vertagus)  vertagus  Linn.     Chestnut-colored  var.  Fig.  70  of  pi.  29. 
Katsuren  Jima.     7  live  shells. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  175 

Potamides  telescopium  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  161,  pi.  33,  fig.  56. 
Yaeyama.     2  small  shells,  4  cm. 

Potamides  (Aphanistylus)  sinensis  Phil.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  164,  pi.  34,  fig. 
97.     Yaeyama  Is. 

Cerithium  moms  Lam.  var.  rugosum  Wood.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  134,  pi.  24,  fig. 
47. 


Yaeyama.     1  shell. 

rithium  (Liocerithum) 
32. 

Yaeyama.     3  shells. 


Cerithium  (Liocerithum)  piperitum  Sby.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  144,  pi.  27,  fig. 
32. 


VERMETID.E. 

Thylacodes  dentiferus  Lam.  (?).*      Yaeyama. 
Petaloconchus  sp.  undet.*    Loo  Choo  Is. 
Siphonium  maximum  Sowb.*    Yaeyama. 

LITTORINIDJE. 

Littorina  (Melaraphe)  ziczac  Chem.  (var.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  251,  pi.  45, 
figs.  5-7. 

Yaeyama.     48  living  shells,  found  with  a  lot  of  Melampus. 
Littorina  littoralis     Liun.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  242,  pi.  41,  figs.  5-8. 

Yaeyama.     10  live  shells. 
Littorina  scabra  Linn.  var.  filosa  Sby.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  9,  p.  244,  pi.  42,  fig.  28. 

Yaeyama. 
Echinella  oumingi  Phil.*    Yaeyama. 

BOLABIIDJB. 

Solarium  cingulum  Kien.*    Nago  Is. 
Solarium  hybridum  Linn.*    Nago  Is. 

CYCLOPHORID.E. 

Cyclophorus  turgidus  Pfr.* 

Miya-Kojima ;  Yaeyama.     The  shells  from  the  locality  first  men- 
tioned above  are  typical,  agreeing  well  with  the  figures  in  the  Conch- 
ylien  Cabinet.     The  specimens  from  Yaeyama  differ  in  having  the 
peripheral  keel  almost,  or  in  some  specimens  wholly,  obsolete. 
Leptopoma  vitreum  Less.*    Yaeyama. 
Cyclotus  taivanus  H.  Adams.* 

Miya  Kojima  Is.    A  single  specimen,  apparently  not  differing 
from  this  Formosan  species. 


176  LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS. 

TRUNCATELLIDJE. 
Tmncatella  valida  Pfr.    Yaeyama.* 

HIPPONYCIDJE. 

Hipponyx  australis  Quoy.* 

NATICID2B. 

Natica  sagraiana  Linn.  (rar.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  19,  pi.  3,  fig.  near  fig.  45. 
Yaeyama.     19  shells,  mostly  small. 

Natioa  vitellus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  29,  pi.  8,  fig.  60. 

Yaeyama.      The  figure  does  not  fairly  represent  this  species.      5 
live  shells,  30  mm.  long  x  27  mm. 
Natica  ohinensis  Lam.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  20,  pi.  3,  fig.  53. 

Yaeyama.     40  shells,  mostly  young. 
Natica  adamsiana  Dkr.  (var.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  27. 

Yaeyama.  Larger  and  unlike  in  coloring  the  typical  figure  46, 
pi.  8.  Light  olivaceous  brown;  6  banded  in  different  shades. 
Length  37  mm.  by  29  mm.  width.  8  shells,  live  and  with  opercula, 
28  dead,  without. 

Polynices  (Mamma)  dubia  Reel.  (var.).    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  47,  pi.  16,  very 
near  fig.  50. 

Kobashima.     10  fine  live  shells,  various  stages  of  growth,  without 
opercula. 
Polynices  (Mamma)  mamilla  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  49,  pi.  16,  fig.  46. 

Yaeyaraa.    4  shells. 
Polynices  (Mamma)  aurantia  Lam. 

Yaeyama.    Small,  light  yellow  variety.      The  callus  and  umbili- 
cus like  fig.  40,  pi.  15,  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  42.     110  fine  live 
shells  29  mm. x 22  mm.,  with  opercula;  a  beautiful  and  distinct 
variety. 
Polynices  (Mamilla)  melanostoma  Gml.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  50,  pi.  21,  fig.  14. 

Yona-Guni  Is.     17  live  shells,  the  largest  45  mm.  x  33  mm. 
Polynices  flemingianus  Reel.* 
Sigaretus  planulatus  Reel.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  8,  p.  58,  pi.  25,  figs.  75-77. 

Yaeyama.     1  live  shell. 

IANTHINIDJE. 
lanthina  com  munis  Lam.* 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8KS.  177 

PYRAMIDELLID.E. 
Pyramidella  sulcata  A.  Ad. 
Yaeyama.     6  live  shells. 

Pyramidella  (Otopleura)  mitralis  A.  Ad.* 
Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 

NERITIDJE. 

Nerita  (Odontostoma)  polita  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  30,  pi.  6-7. 

Yaeyama.     Many  varieties  and  coloring.     Native  name,  Tsume- 
Gai  (nail  shell).    2000  fine  live  shells. 

Nerita  (Odontostoma)  picea  Reel.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  33,  pi.  9,  fig.  52. 
Yaeyama.     100  live  shells. 

Nerita  (Odontostoma)  ascensionis  Chem.  (?).      Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  31,  pi.  7, 
fig.  27. 

The  only  difference  between  this  shell  and  the  type  as  figured  is 
that  the  area  is  slightly  wrinkled. 
Nerita  albicilla  Linn.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  19,  pi.  2,  figs.  21-26. 

Yaeyama.     Several  color  varieties  with  opercula.    69  live  shells. 

Nerita  chameleon  Linn.  var.  squamulata  LeGuillon.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  20, 
pi.  2,  figs.  34-36. 

Yaeyama.     3  shells. 
Nerita  albicilla  Linn.  (var.). 

Yaeyama.     4  live  shells. 
Nerita  turrita  Chem.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  37,  pi.  11,  fig.  2. 

Yaeyama.     2  live  shells. 

Nerita  (Pila)  undata  Linn.  var.  funiculata  Rve.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  29,  pi.  7, 
fig.  30. 

Yaeyama.     2  shells. 
Nerita  helicinoides  Rve.  var.  Isevilabris  n.  var.*    PI.  IV,  fig.  32. 

Shell  obliquely  globose-turbinate,  multilirate,  lirae  18-20  on  body- 
whorl,  the  lower  3  or  4  nearly  obsolete ;  buff  or  whitish,  encircled 
by  three  bands  of  black  variegation  alternating  with  similar  rose- 
dotted  zones  ;  on  some  specimens  the  black  replaced  by  rose.  Spire 
elevated ;  last  whorl  descending,  appressed  at  suture,  concave  below 
it.  Aperture  oblique,  outer  lip  prolonged  above,  bevelled  to  an 
edge  inside,  margin  yellow  with  dark  dots,  within  this  strongly 
thickened  by  a  white  smooth  callus  which  is  generally  subtruncate 
12 


178  LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSK8. 

or  most  weakly  unidentate  above.  Area  flat,  smooth,  yellow,  the 
columellar  edge  with  two  slight  submedian  notches.  Alt.  13,  diam. 
13  mm. 

Operculum  flat,  having  a  closely  granulose  band  around  the  outer 
edge,  smooth  or  with  very  sparse  granules  in  the  middle  and  at 
proximal  end  ;  smoky  or  blackish-gray  except  at  basal  end  which  is 
white,  a  paler  streak  extending  up  outer  margin.  Inside  light  yel- 
lowish proximally,  olivaceous  distally ;  flat,  rather  thin,  becoming 
slightly  thicker  toward  straight  margin,  but  the  linear  adhesion- 
scar  impressed  ;  spiral  process  long  ;  basal  process  rugose  or  striated. 

Yaeyama.     300  specimens. 

Differs  from  helicinoides  and  its  synonym  pellis-serpentis  in  the 
completely  smooth  outer  lip ;  from  affinis  in  the  coloration,  etc. 
Nerita  hindsii  Reel  *    Yaeyama. 
Nerita  undata  var.  leguillouana  Reel.    Yaeyama. 
Neritina  ualanensis  Less.*    Yaeyama. 
Neritina  (Clithon)  sowerbyana  Reel.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  67,  pi.  24,  fig.  45 ; 

pi.  25,  figs.  46-51. 

Yaeyama.     48  live  shells  with  opercula. 

TURBINIDJE. 
Turbo  marmoratus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  191,  pi.  4,  fig.  23. 

Yaeyama.  12  fine  large  mature  shells  with  opercula.  Native 
name,  Yako-Gai. 

Turbo  (Batillus)  cornutui  Gmel.    (Typical).      Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p  210,  pi.  43, 
fig.  50. 

Kudaka  Is.    22  live  shells,  some  with  opercula. 
Turbo  (Batillus)  cornutus  Gmel.  (var.). 

Kudaka  Is.  25  shells  with  opercula  with  but  one  row  of  tuber- 
cles instead  of  two  as  in  the  type  and  of  smaller  size. 

Turbo  parvulus  Phil.*    Yaeyama. 

Turbo  (Senectus)  argyrostomus  Linn.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  197,  pi.  40,  fig.  18. 

Katsuren  Jima.  A  var.  with  no  elevated  vaulted  scales  on  line. 
19  live  shells  with  opercula,  9  no  opercula ;  also  Kudaka  Is.  47 
live  shells,  small  size,  without  vaulted  scales  on  the  lirse ;  with  and 
without  opercula ;  also  a  var.,  Kudaka.  2  live  shells,  full-grown 
and  with  opercula,  without  vaulted  scales  on  the  lirse. 
Turbo  imperialis  Gml.  Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  192,  pi.  43,  fig.  53. 

Yaeyama.  2  fine  mature  shells  with  opercula,  more  highly  nod- 
ulated on  the  body  whorl  than  in  the  figure. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  179 

Turbo  petholatus  Linn.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  193,  pi.  40,  fig.  114. 

Yona-Guni  Is.     Color  varieties,  5  shells  with  opercula  and  3  with- 
out. 

Turbo  (Marmorostoma)  coronatus  Gml.  var.  granulatus  Gml.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol. 
10,  p.  27,  pi.  45,  fig.  18. 

Yaeyama.      150  shells  with  opercula,  some  similar  to  the  figure, 
but  most  of  them  nodulated.    2  varieties. 

Turbo  (Marmorostoma)  porphyrites  Mart.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  215,  pi.  50, 
fig.  58  ;  pi.  42,  fig.  39. 

Yaeyama.     2  live  shells  without  opercula. 

Astralium  (Bolma)  modestum  Rve.      Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  19,  p.  229,  pi.  55,  figs.  63- 
64. 

Yaeyama.     19  shells.      Native  name,  Ishi-ni-tsiu  (stone  adhering 
shell). 

TROCHIDJE. 

Trochus  niloticus  Linn.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  11,  p.  17,  pi,  1,  figs.  5-8. 

Kobashima  Is.     9  live  shells  with  opercula. 
Trochus  (Cardinalia)  nodiferus  Lam.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  11,  p.  22,  pi.  3,  fig.  18. 

Yaeyama.      Smaller  than  the  figure.      2  live  shells,  small  var. 
Native  name,  Taka-jiri. 

Trochus  (Cardinalia)  triserialis  Lam.      Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  11,  p.  21,  pi.  4,  figs.  30- 
31. 

Nago  Is.     1  live  shell. 

Trochus   (Infundibulum)  radiatus  Gml.  var.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  11,  p.  37,  pi.  8, 

figs.  91,  92. 

Yona-guni  Is.     1  live  small  shell. 

Trochus  (Lamprostoma)  maculatus  Linn.  (var.).     Tryon,  Man.  Vol,  11,  p.  24,  pi. 
9,  fig.  1. 

Ohon-me  Is.      Native  name,  Taka-jiri.     10  live  shells  without 
opercula. 

Trochus  (Lamprostoma)  tubiferus  Kiener.    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  11,  p.  31,  pi.  6,  figs. 
62,  63. 

Yona-guni  Is.    Native  name,  Yona-guni.     6  live  shells,  no  oper- 
cula. 

Trochus  (Lamprostoma)  maculatus  var.  gibberula  A.  Ad.     Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  11> 
p.  26,  pi.  6,  figs.  51-60. 

Kobashima  Is.     1  live  shell. 


180  LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS. 

Umbonium  giganteum  Less. 

Yaeyama.     122  shells,  color  variety  C  ;  of  color  variety  D  27  ;  of 
color  variety  E  (ater  Pilsbry)  38 ;  of  color  variety  F  4 ;  of  color 
variety  H  4 ;  of  color  variety  K  (new  or  not  before  obtained,  sur- 
face pinkish  with  brown  blotches  and  clouds)  40  shells. 
Umbonium  superbum  Gld. 

Yaeyama.     Color  varieties.     15  shells. 
Ethalia  guamense  Quoy.* 
Chrysostoma  paradozum  Born.* 
Delphinula  delphinula  Linn6.*    Tryon,  Man.  Vol.  10,  p.  266,  pi.  67,  figs.  1,  2. 

Nago  Is.    42  mature  shells,  no  opercula.   Native  name,  Fusa-kabe, 
bora. 

STOMATIIDJE. 
Stomatia  phymotis  Helbling.*    Ohon-me  Is. 

HALIOTIDJE. 

Haliotis  gigantea  Chomn. 

Hirame  Jiraa  Is.     4  large  and  1  small  shell. 
Haliotis  (Padollus)  ovina  Chemu.* 

Kobashima  Is.     16  large  shells,  and  var.,  1  shell. 
Haliotis  (Teinotis)  asinina  Linn. 

Hirame  Jima  Is.    Native  name,  Awabi,  110  shells. 

ACMJEIDJE. 

Aomeea  sacoharina  Linn.*    Yaeyama. 

PATELLIDJE. 

Helcioniscus  nigrosquamatus  Rve.* 

Yaeyama.     58  live  shells.     Native  name,  Seuen-gai  (may  you 
live  a  thousand  years  shell). 

Helcioniscus  testudinarius  Linn.      Yaeyama. 

PELECYPODA. 
MACTEIDJE. 

Mactra  maculata  Gmel.*    Yaeyama. 

Tresus  nuttalli  Conr. 

Yaeyama.     2  large,  live  shells. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  181 

P3AMMOBIID.E. 

Psammobia  elongata  Lam.*    Yaeyama ,  Oshima. 
Asaphis  violacea  Forskal.*    Kudaka  Is. 
Asaphis  deflorata  Linne.*    Yaeyama;  Kudaka  Is. 

TELLINIDJE. 
Tellina  staurella  Lam.* 

Yaeyama.     Native  name,  Luna-gai,  beach  sand-shell. 

Tellina  staurella  Lam.  var.  scalaris  Lam.*    Kobashima  Is. 
Tellina  virgata  L.  var.  jubar  Hanley.*    Yaeyama. 
Tellina  scobinata  Linn.*    Kudaka  Is. 
Tellina  perna  Spengler.*    Yaeyama. 
Tellina  rugosa  Born.*    Yaeyama. 
Tellina  chloroleuca  Lam.* 

Yaeyama  ;  Kobashima  Is.     Native  name,  Luna-gai,  beach  sand- 
shell. 
Tellina  sp.*    Ohon-me  Is. 

VENEBIDJE. 

Venus  reticulata  Linn.*     Yaeyama. 
Venus  puerpera  Linn.*    Kobashima  Is. ;  Katsume-Jima. 
Venus  listeri  Gray.*    Yaeyama. 
Cytherea  castrensis  Linn.*    Yaeyama. 
Cytherea  (Crista)  gibba  Linn.*    Yona-Guni. 
Cytherea  (Crista)  pectinata  Linn.*    Kobashima  Is. 
Cyclina  sinensis  Grnel.*    Yaeyama. 
Tapes  literata  Linn.*    Kudaka  Is. 
Tapes  literata  var.  punctata  Chemn.*    Kudaka  Is. 
Tapes  striata  Chemn.*    Yaeyama. 

TRIDACNIDJE. 
Tridacna  squamosa  Lam. 

Itoma  Jima  Is.  1  large  shell,  13"  long,  8"  broad,  9"  thick.  Upon 
this  are  are  growing  2  Chama  (sp.  undet).  Native  name,  Aji-gai. 
Such  shells  are  used  in  the  Loo  Choos  for  making  domestic  utensils. 
Tridacna  gigas  Lam. 

Itomo  Jima  Is.  1  large  shell,  13"  long,  9"  broad,  81"  thick.  Na- 
tive name,  Aji-gai. 


182  LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8K8. 

Tridacna  squamosa  Lam. 

Itoma  Jima  Is.     13  young  shells,  4"  to  3i"  long. 
Tridacna  crocea  Lam.  (=T.  scapha  Meusch.). 

Itoma  Jima  Is.     15  shells,  from  5"  in  length  down  to  3*" 
Tridacna  elongata  Lam. 

Itoma  Jima  Is. .  26  shells,  1-9"  long,  the  rest  from  6"  down  to  3" 
in  length.     Native  name,  Aji-gai. 
Tridacna  elongata  Lam. 

Var.  smaller  than  the  type ;  more  elongated  and  carved  at  the 
basal  opening.  13  specimens,  from  6"  to  3"  long. 

Hippopus  maculatus  Lam. 

Itoma  Jima.     9  shells,  from  6i"  to  4"  long. 

CARDIIDJE. 

Cardium  flavum  Linn.* 
Cardium  rugosum  Lam.*    Yaeyama. 
Cardinm  (Serripes)  muticum  Kve. 
Yaeyama.     6  large  shells. 

Hemicardium  cardissa  Linn. 

Hirame  Jima  Is.  47  fine  live  shells,  from  7  cm.  down  to  4  cm. 
Native  name,  Avi-gai,  so  named  after  the  leaf  of  the  Avi  plant, 
which  is  the  crest  of  the  Tycoon. 

Hemicardium  unedo  Linn.*    Ohon-me  Is. 

CORBIDJE. 

Corbis 

LUCINID2E. 
Lucina  exasperata  Reeve.* 

Yaeyama  Is.,  Loo  Choo  group. 

Shell  externally  like  L.  exasperata,  but  less  compressed,  the  diam- 
eter half  the  length,  with  wider  lunule.  Interior  having  the  surface 
within  the  pallial  impression  most  minutely  roughened,  outside  of 
the  pallial  impression  polished  and  shining. 

Length  80,  width  74,  diam.  40  mm.     . 

Length  50,  width  40 A,  diam.  24£  mm. 

Of  this  form,  two  specimens  are  before  us,  the  smaller  one  from 
Okinawa  Island  (Yaeyama),  the  larger  procured  in  Japan,  locality 
unknown.  The  smaller  shell  is  yellow  within,  with  a  white  border, 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  183 

the  hinge-margin  red  except  the  cartilage-pit  and  the  plate  below  it. 
The  larger  specimen  is  a  very  faint  buff  within  the  pallial  line,  with 
a  faint  pink  tint  on  the  hinge. 
Luoina  interrupta  Lam.*    Kudaka  Is. 
Lucina  punctata  Linn.*    Yaeyama. 

CHAMID.ZE. 

Chama  semipurpurata  Lischke  (?).*    Oshima  Is. 
Chama  lazarus  Lam.*    Kudaka  Is. ;  Oshima  Is. 
Chama  divaricata  Rve.*    Kudaka  Is. ;  Oshima  Is. 

CYBENID.E. 

Corbicula  sp.  undet.*     Yaeyama. 

Cyrena  fissidens  n.  sp.    PI.  VIII,  figs.  5,  6. 

Shell  resembling  C.  sinuosa  as  figured  by  Clessin  (Conch.  Cab., 
pi.  45,  f.  1),  but  the  posterior  lateral  tooth  and  corresponding  pit 
much  slender  and  somewhat  longer,  the  posterior  cardinal  tooth  in 
right  valve  split  by  a  sulcus  much  broader  than  the  space  between 
the  posterior  and  the  next  adjacent  cardinal  teeth.  Valves  orbi- 
cular, very  convex,  lightly  wrinkle  striate,  and  covered  with  a  black 
cuticle.  Posterior  slope  depressed,  with  a  radiating  wide  and  shal- 
low furrow,  rendering  the  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Dorsal, 
anterior  and  basal  margins  well  rounded  ;  posterior  margin  obliquely 
subtruncate.  Length  86,  breadth  77,  diam.  49  mm. 

Yaeyama  Is.,  Loo  Choo  group.     A  single  specimen  collected. 

Cyrena  luchuana  n.  sp.    PI.  IX,  figs.  4,  5. 

Shell  large,  inequilateral,  oblong,  the  anterior  end  short,  broadly 
rounded,  posterior  end  long,  produced,  and  squarely  truncated  ; 
basal  margin  gently  arcuate,  dorsal  margin  narrowly  rounded  at  the 
beaks,  the  anterior  slope  short  and  nearly  straight,  posterior  slope 
long,  rectilinear.  Valves  strong,  convex,  the  posterior  dorsal  area 
flat  or  concave,  bounded  by  a  blunt  angle,  another  obtuse  angle 
extending  from  beaks  to  lower-posterior  extremity.  Interior  white, 
stained  with  buff-olive  on  the  hinge.  Cardinal  teeth  bifid ;  ante- 
rior lateral  very  short  and  strong;  posterior  lateral  long,  remote 
from  cardinals.  Cuticle  dull  brown,  with  a  yellow  under  color,  ir- 
regularly wrinkle-striate,  lamellose  behind,  and  less  so  over  the 
whole  disk.  Length  94,  breadth  72,  diam,  47  mm. 

Yaeyama  Is.,  Loo  Choo  group  (Frederick  Stearns). 


184  LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS. 

Cyrena  yaeyamensis  n.  sp.*    PI.  VIII,  fig.  7;  pi.  IX,  fig.  6. 

Shell  shorter  than  the  preceding,  being  less  produced  posteriorly, 
the  posterior  surface  not  so  distinctly  angular,  posterior  truncation 
less  marked  ;  anterior  lateral  tooth  not  so  short.  Anterior  dorsal 
slope  of  hinge  line  straight,  posterior  dorsal  slope  slightly  convex. 
Color  and  sculpture  as  in  luchuana,  except  that  there  is  usually 
some  oblique  corrugation  of  the  posterior  slope.  Length  75,  breadth 
63,  diam.  36  mm. 

Yaeyama  Is.,  Loo  Choo  group  (Frederick  Stearns). 

This  may  prove  to  be  a  form  of  Cyrena  papua,  or  of  C.  buschii 
Phil.,  of  China,  but  it  is  more  triangular,  with  the  posterior  margin 
more  produced. 

MYTILIDJE. 

Mytilus  crassitesta  Lischke.*    Yaeyama. 
Modiola  philippinarum  Hanley.* 

LIMIDJE. 
Lima  lima  Linn.*    Yaeyama. 

SPONDYLIDJE. 

Spondylus  ducalis  Chemn.*     Hirama  Jima  Is. 
Spondylis  sinensis  Sowb.*      Hirama  Jima  I  -. 

OSTRJEIDJE. 

Ostraea  rivularis  Old.  (?)*    Yaeyama. 
Ostraea  cucullata  Born.*    Yaeyama. 
Ostraea  hyotis  Linn.     Yaeyama. 
Ostraea  denselamellosa  Lischke.*    Yaeyama. 
Ostraea  cristagalli  Linn.*    Yaeyama. 

PTERIIDJE. 

Pteria  macroptera  Lam.* 

Throughout  the  Loo  Choo  group  (Stearns). 

Some  of  the  specimens  collected  attain  great  size,  rivalling  M. 
margaritifera. 

Pteria  cochenhauseni  Dkr.*  (=A.  flammata  Reeve  ? )     Itoma  Jima  Is. 
Pteria  meleagridis  (Spengl.)  Chemn.*     Itoma  Jima  Is. 
Perna  (Meleagrina)  margaritifera  Linn.*    Yaeyama. 
Malleus  regula  Forsk.*    Yaeyama. 


LOO  CHOO  MOLLUSKS.  185 

Malleus  vulgaris  Lam. 

In  this  species  the  valves  are  serpentine  in  their  length. 
Malleus  albus  Lam. 

Yaeyama.     In  this  species  the  valves  are  straighter  than  in  the 
other.     Altogether  21  fine  specimens. 

PERNIDJE. 

Perna  acutirostris  Dkr.*    Yaeyama. 
Perna  isoguomum  Linn.*    Yaeyama. 
Perna  costellata  Conr.*    Yaeyama. 

PINNIDJE. 
Pinna  nigrina  Lam.* 

ABCIDJE. 

Area  scapha  Chemn.*    Yaeyama. 
Area  (Scapharca)  subcrenata  Lischke.*    Itoma  Jima  Is. 


ERRATA. 

P.  10.     Add  the  following: 
Haminea  binotata  n.  sp. 

Shell  cylindric-oval,  hardly  wider  below,  truncated  above,  rounded 
beneath,  thin,  but  rather  solid,  ruddy-corneous,  with  a  small  opaque- 
white  spot  at  each  end,  that  at  apex  bounded  below,  that  at  colu- 
mella,  above,  by  an  opaque  orange  or  reddish  tract,  appearing  only 
on  the  latter  part  of  the  whorl.  Surface  polished,  with  excessively 
fine  and  close  spiral  striae,  and  rather  coarse  growth  wrinkles. 
Aperture  rather  narrow,  moderately  enlarged  below.  Outer  lips 
rising  slightly  above  the  vertex,  but  by  no  means  high-arched.  Col- 
umella  concave,  short,  with  a  lunate,  reflexed,  but  free,  not  adherent, 
flange,  but  not  fold.  Apex  closed  or  subperforate.  Alt.  ll,diam. 
7  mm. 

Yaeyama,  Loo  Choo  Is.  (Stearns). 
Haminea  binotata  var.  Japonica  n.  v. 

Shell  like  the  above  in  coloration  and  sculpture,  but  smaller,  thin 
and  fragile,  more  swollen,  the  reflexed  coluuiellar  callus  thinner  and 
adnate  to  body.  Alt.  9,  diam.  6'2  mm. 


186  LOO  CHOO  MOLLU8KS. 

Nemoto,  Boshiu  (Stearns). 
P.  13.     Add  the  following : 
Conus  flavidus  Lamarck.     Tryon  Man.  Conch.  VI,  p.  44. 

Japan,  exact  locality  unknown  (Stearns).  The  specimens  are 
more  square-shouldered  than  typical  flavidus,  in  form  and  coloring 
more  like  Reeve's  surgillatua,  but  I  do  not  doubt  their  specific  iden- 
tity. It  has  not  before  been  reported  from  Japan. 

P.  16.  Columbarium  pagoda  was  collected  by  Stearns  in  the  In- 
land Sea  near  Awaji. 

P.  25.  Add  : 

Mitra  (Scabricola)  punctolirata  A.  Ad.     Goto.  Is.  (Adams). 

Mitra  (Scabricola)  itabella  Swains,  (-f  morchii  Ad.  and  herklot- 
siana  Dohrn),  Tryon,  Manual,  IV,  p.  137. 

P.  49.  Oniscia.  The  name  of  this  genus  should  stand  LAMBI- 
DIUM,  as  Smith  has  shown,  Journal  of  Malacology,  iv,  p.  14. 

P.  53.     For  «  Volvula  "  read  Volva. 

P.  73.     Add  above  Adeorbiida  the  following : 

Lamellariidce. 

Lamellaria  punctata  Stitnpson.      Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.r 
1855,  p.  378.     Oushima  (Stimp.).     Described  as  Coriocella. 
P.  98.  Add : 

Photinula  (?)  qucesita  A.  Adams.     Man.  Conch,  XI,  p.  281. 
Aniwa  Bay.     Tatiyama,  Kino-o-sima,  17  fms.  (Ad). 
P.  159.  Add  the  following  Unionidce: 
Unio  Japanensis  Lea.     Paddy  fields  near  Tokyo. 
Unio  nipponensis  Martens.     Paddy  fields  near  Kamakura. 
Dipsas  plicatus  Sol.     Rice  paddy  fields,  near  Yokohama. 
Dipsas  Reinianus  Mart.     Paddy  fields  near  Yokohama. 
Anodonta  cellensis  Schrot.     Odelawara. 
Anodonta  Japonica  Martens.     Paddy  fields  near  Sagama. 
Anodonta  Woodiana  Lea.     Rice  paddy  fields  near  Yokohama. 


INDEXTO  GENERA  ANDSUBGENERA. 


A 

Astralium, 

89,  179 

rv 

Atilia, 

.      39 

Acanthochites, 
Acila, 
Aclis,        . 

..    115 
...    151 

'*      76 

Atys, 
Auriculina, 
Avicula,    . 

8,  160 
.       85 
.     146 

Acmsea,    . 

110,  180 

Axmus,     . 

.    133 

Actseon,    . 

7 

Actseopyramis, 

.      84 

R 

Acusta,     . 

.     163 

LJ 

Adeorbis,  . 
Admete,    . 
Adula, 
Aegista,    . 
Aesopus,  . 
Agadina,  . 
Alaba, 

.       73 
.      22 

.     140 
157,  163 
.      40 
5 
.      65 

Barnea,     . 
Basilissa,  . 
Basterotia, 
Bathybembyx, 
Batillus,    . 
Bela, 

.    116 
.      96 
.     118 
.      97 

.      88,  178 
.      19 

Alcyna,     . 

A     1  *             1 

.      95 

Bertinia,  . 

"  .       11 

Alicula,    . 
Alvania,   . 
Amathis,  . 

.       66 

.       82 

Bittium,    . 
Bolma, 
Buccinum, 

.      56,    57 
.      89,  179 
.      31 

Amaura,  . 
Amaurella, 
Amusium, 
Amycla,    . 

72 
.      79 
.     145 
.      40 

Bulbus,     . 
Bulla,       . 
Bullina,    . 

.      46 
.       10,  160 
7,  160 

Anatina,  . 

'      .     138 

Ancilla,    . 

'      .      24 

C 

Ancillaria=A.n 

cilia 

Angulus,  . 

.     124 

Csecella,    . 

118 

Anodonta, 

.     186 

Calliostoma, 

99 

Anomia,   . 

.     141 

Callista,    . 

127 

Apicalia,  . 

.       79 

Callistochiton, 

114 

Aplysia,    . 

.       10 

Camitia,    . 

100 

Area, 

147,  185 

Cancellaria, 

21 

Architeuthis, 

4 

Cantharidus, 

95 

Archytsea, 

.       73 

Cantharus, 

33 

Arcopagia, 

.      .     124 

Capulus,   . 

69 

Argonauta, 

1,  160 

Cardilia,  . 

118 

Asaphis,    . 

122,  181 

Cardiomya, 

136 

Aspergillum, 

;    .  136 

Cardita,    . 

134 

Assiminea, 

.      69 

Cardium,  . 

131,  182 

(187) 


188 


INDEX. 


Cassis, 
Cavolinia, 

48,  170 
5 

Cuculkea, 
Cultellus, 

.     151 
120 

Cerithiopsis, 
Cerithium, 

.      57 

55,  174 

Cuspidaria, 
Cuvierina, 

!     136 
5 

Cerostoma, 
Chsetopleura, 
Chama,     . 

.      43 
,    113 
134,  183 

Cyclina,    . 
Cyclophorus, 
Cyclostrema, 

126,  181 
158,  175 
.     102 

Chione, 

.     128 

Cylotus,    , 

158,  175 

Chiton,      . 
Chlorostoma, 
Chrysallida, 
Chrysodomus, 
Chrysostoraa, 

.    115 
•     .      93 

.      82 
•     .      28 
93,  180 

Cylichna, 
Cylindromitra, 
Cyllene,    . 
Cyphoma, 
Cyprsea,    . 

9 
.      26 
.      32 
.      53 
50,  171 

Cingulina, 

•     .      87 

Cyrena,     . 

.     183 

Circe, 

•     •.    128 

Cyrilla,     . 

150 

Citharopsis, 

.      20 

Cytherea, 

.     181 

Collonia,  . 

.      90 

[ 

Conradia, 

.      64 

1 

Corbula,   . 
Clanculus, 
Clathurella, 
Clausilia,  . 
Clava,       . 
Clavagella, 
Clavatula, 
dementia, 

a  in 

.     117 
.      93 
.      20 
157,  163 
56,  174 
136 
19 
127 

Daphnella, 
Delphinula, 
Deutalium, 
Desmoulea, 
Diala, 
Diplodonta, 
Dipsas, 
Disci  nisca, 

21 
91,  180 
115 
37 
65 
132 
186 
154 

10, 
Clithon,    . 
Coelopoma, 
Columbarium, 
Col  um  bell  a, 
Cominella, 
Conus, 
Coralliophaga, 
Coralliophila, 
Corbicula, 

1 

178 
158 
16,  185 
38,  169 
.      32 
3,  164,  186 
.     136 
.      45 
159,  183 

Distorsio,  . 
Distortrix, 
Dolabella, 
Dolium,    . 
Donacilla, 
Donax, 
Dosinia,    . 
Drillia,     . 
Dunkeria, 

47 
47 
10 

49,  171 
118 
121 
125 
16 
87 

Couthouya, 

.      64 

Crania, 

.        .     154 

Cranopsis, 

.     109 

Crassatella, 

.     135 

Eastonia,  . 

.     120 

Crassatellites, 

.    .  .    135 

Ebala,       . 

-      .      76 

Crenella,  . 

.     141 

Eburna,    . 

34,  168 

Crepidula, 

.      70 

Ecliinella, 

62,  175 

Creseis,     . 

5 

Eglisia,     . 

76 

Crossea,    . 

.      76 

Elusa, 

82 

Cryptochiton, 

.  .     115 

Emarginula, 

109 

Cryptogramma 

i 

.  '  128 

Endopleura, 

123 

Cryptomya, 

.    .r    118 

Engina,     . 

40 

INDEX. 


189 


Euida,      .       7 

.       96 

Entodesma, 

X.    137 

Erato,       ;        f  PH| 
Erodona,  . 

.      52 
.    117 

Hal  i  otis,   . 
Haminea, 

Ervillia,    . 
Ethalia,    . 
Euchelus, 

.     118 
100,  180 
.      99 

Harpa, 

Helcioniscus, 
Helicina, 

. 

Eudesia,   . 

.     152 

Helix, 

Euhadra, 
Eulima,    . 
Eulimella, 
Eulota, 
Euthria,    . 
Evalea,     . 

155,  161 
.       77 
.      86 
155,  161 
.      33 
.       85 

Hemicardium, 
Hemifusus, 
Hipponyx, 
Hippopus, 
Huxleya,  . 
Hyalocylix, 

• 

Hydatina, 

. 

F 

I 

Fasciolaria,       .        ; 

27,  166 

Felania,    . 

.     133 

lacra, 

Fenella,    . 

.      68 

lanthina,  . 

. 

Fissuridea, 

.     109 

Infundibulum 

Fossarina, 

.      62 

Inioteuthis, 

. 

Fossarus,  . 

.      64 

lolsea, 

Fusus, 

26,  166 

lopas, 

t 

Iravadia,  . 

, 

Isapis, 

Ischnochiton, 

Ischnoradsia, 

t 

Galeomma, 

.     131 

Ismenia,    . 

. 

Ganesella, 

157,  161 

Isocardia, 

. 

Gastrana,  . 

.     124 

Gastrochsena,    . 

.     117 

Gen  a, 

.     105 

Genotia,    . 
Gemma,    . 

.       16 
.    130 

Jouannetia, 

. 

Gibbula,  . 

.      95 

Glaucomya, 

.     125 

K 

Glomus,    . 

.     150 

i> 

Glycimeris, 

.    117 

Kellia, 

Glyphis=Fi  ss  urid  ea 
Glyph  ostoma,   . 

.      20 

Kleinella, 

• 

Gomphina, 

.     130 

Gonatus,  . 

4 

Gotoina,  . 

.      65 

Gouldia,  . 

!     .    128 

Lachesis,  . 

, 

Guildfordia,      . 

.       89 

Lacuna,    . 

. 

Gyrineum, 

.      47 

Lagena,    . 

105,  180 

10,  185 

24,  166 

112,  180 

.  158 

155,  161 

.  182 

27,  168 

70,  176 

130,  182 

.  150 

5 

10,  161 


.  123 

74,  176 

92,  179 

1 

.   76 

45,  169 

.   68 

.   64 

.  114 

.  114 

.  153 

130 


117 


131 

87 


.  19 
62,  63 
27,  168 


190 


INDEX. 


Lamellaria, 

.    186 

Margarita, 

.       98 

Lamprostoma,  . 

.      92,  179 

Marginella,       . 

.       24 

Laqueus,  . 

.     153 

Marmorostoma, 

.      89,  179 

Lasea, 

.    132 

Martesia,  . 

117 

Latirus,    . 

-.      27,  168 

Megateuthis,     . 

4 

Led  a, 

f        .     151 

Megasella, 

.     153 

Leiostraca, 

.      77 

Melampus, 

.    158,  161 

Lepeta,     . 

.    Ill 

Mel  an  i  a,   . 

.     158 

Lepidopleurus, 

.     113 

Meleagrina, 

.    147,  184 

Leptoconchus,  . 

.      46 

Menestho, 

.  '      .      87 

Lepton,     . 

.     132 

Meretrix,  . 

.     126 

Leptomya, 

.    123 

Merope,    . 

.     120 

Leptopoma, 

.     175 

Minolia,    . 

.       97 

Leptothyra, 

.      89 

Miralda,  . 

.      86 

Leucotina, 

7 

Mitra, 

25,  166,  186 

Lima, 

.    142,  184 

Modelia,  . 

.      89 

Limacina, 

4 

Modiola,  . 

.     139,  184 

Limnaea,  . 

.    158,  161 

Modiolaria, 

.    140 

150 

IVTonilpfl 

Qfi    Q7 

Lingula,   . 

.     154 

Monodonta, 

*                  *      '  .     t7  f 

7       .      93 

Lioconcha, 

.     127 

Montacuta, 

.     132 

Liolophura, 

.     115 

Mopalia,  . 

.    115 

Liothyrina, 

.     152 

Mormula, 

.      83 

Liotia, 

.      92 

Mucronalia, 

.      79 

Lippistes, 

.    104 

Mumiola, 

.      84 

Lischkeia, 

.      99 

Murex, 

.      41,  169 

Lithophaera. 

.     140 

Mya, 

.     118 

• 
Littorma, 

.      61,  175 

Myodora, 

.    138 

Loligo,      . 

3 

Myonera, 

.    136 

Loligopsis, 

4 

Myrtaea,    . 

.     134 

Lori  pes,    . 

.    133 

.     133 

T      ." 

Lucma, 

.    133,  182 

Mytilus,    . 

.     139,  184 

Lucinopsis, 
Lutraria,  . 

.    126 
.    120 

Lyonsia,   . 

.    137 

N 

Lyria, 

.      24 

A    1 

Nassa, 

34,  168 

M 

Nassaria,  . 

.      34 

ATA 

Natica, 

.      71,  176 

Macoma,  . 

124 

Nautilus,  . 

4 

Macrodon, 

.     151 

Nerita,      . 

.      87,  177 

Macroschisma,  . 

.    106 

Neritina,  . 

.      88,  178 

Mactra,     . 

.     118,  180 

Niphonia, 

.     104 

Malletia,  . 

.    151 

Niso, 

.      79 

Malleus,    . 

.    147,  184 

Nucula,    . 

.      --..    151 

Malvufundus,  . 

.     147 

Nuculina,          '. 

.    150 

Mangilia, 

.        .      19 

Nuttallina, 

.        .    114 

INDEX. 


191 


o 

Pleurotoma, 

.       14 

w 

Pleurotomaria,  . 

.    106 

Ocinebra  .         .        • 

42 

Plicatula, 

.     143 

Octopus,  .... 
Odontostomia,  .         .        '•'.  " 

1 

84 

Polinices, 
Potamides, 

72,  176 
57,  175 

Oligotoma, 
Oliva,        .         .         .       22, 

19 
166 

Priene, 
Promachoteuthis, 

47 
2 

Olivella  
Ommastrephes, 
Oniscia,    .         .       49,  171, 
Onoba       .... 

23 
4 

186 
66 

Psammobia, 
Pteria, 
Pterocera, 
Puncturella, 

122,  181 
146,  184 
55,  174 
.     109 

Oriua,       .... 

82 

Pupinella, 

.     158 

Orthomesus, 
Oscilla,      .... 

91 

82 

Purpura,  . 
Putilla,     . 

44,  169 
.       68 

Ostrsea,     .         .         .     145, 

184 

Pyramidella,     . 

79,  177 

Ovula,       .         .         .52, 

173 

Pyramidula, 

.     155 

Pyrgulina, 

.      85 

Pyrula,     . 

.      49 

!';;g       P       ' 

Pythia,     . 

.     161 

Pachypoma,      */  .     .       ;... 

89 

R 

Pandora,  .         .         .      '  .i  ; 

138 

l\ 

Papbia,     .... 
Parapholas, 
Parmophorus  —  Scutus. 
Parthenia, 
Patella,     .... 

118 
117 

85 
112 

Raeta, 
Ranella,  =  Gyrineum, 
Rapa  =  Bulb  us, 
Rapana,    . 

.     119 
.     170 
.      46 
43,  169 

Pecten,     .... 
Pectunculus,     . 
Peristernia, 
Perna,       .         .         .     147, 
Petaloconcbus,  . 
Petricola,. 
Petropoma, 
Phasianella, 
Phenacolepas,   . 
Pbiline,     .... 
Pholas,     .... 

~i~n 

143 
150 
27 
185 
175 
125 
90 
90 
110 
9 
116 

O   A 

Retusa,     . 
Rhinomya, 
Rhynchonella, 
Ricinula,  . 
Ringicula, 
Rimula,    . 
Rissoa, 
Rissoella,  . 
Rissoina,  . 
Rossiteria, 
Rostellaria, 
Roxania,  . 

.     136 
.    153 
45,  169 
.      10 
.     109 
.      66 
.      65 
.      67 
.      97 
.      55 
9 

rhos,         .         .         .         . 

34 

Phyllaplysia,    . 

11 

Pinna,       .         .         .     147, 

185 

Pisania,    .... 

33 

, 

Placenta,  .... 

142 

Sarepta,    . 

151 

Placiphorella,  . 

115 

Saxicava, 

.    117 

Placunanomia,          . 

142 

Saxidomus, 

.    130 

Planaxis, 

58 

Scala, 

74 

Planorbis,         .        , 

158 

Scaliola,    . 

.      69 

Plectotropis,     .         .157, 

163 

Scaphander, 

8 

iy^                                                             INDEX. 

Schismope, 

.     106 

Syrnola,   .        ^. 

.      80 

Scintilla,  . 

.     131 

Scissurella, 

.106 

Scutellina, 

.     110 

Tapes, 

129,  181 

Scutus, 

.        .     110 

Taranis,    .         . 

.      21 

Seila 

57 

Tectus,      .         .        f 

99 

Selma, 

.      79 

Teinostoina, 

•              t7*j 

.     102 

Semele,     . 

.        .123 

Tellina,     . 

123,  181 

Senectus,  . 

.      88,  178 

Terebellum  =  Seraphs. 

Separatista, 

.      59 

Terebra,   . 

11,  164 

Sepia, 

2 

Terebratella,     . 

.     152 

Sepiella,    . 

3 

Terebratula,     . 

.    152 

Sepioteuthi?,      . 

3 

Terebratulina,  . 

.    152 

Septifer,    . 

.     141 

Teredo,     . 

.    116 

Seraphs,    . 

.      55,  174 

Thalotia,  . 

.      95 

Setia, 

.      66 

Thatcheria, 

.      28 

Sigaretus, 

.      72,  176 

Thecodonta, 

.    132 

Siliqua,     . 

.     121 

Theora,     . 

.     123 

Siliquaria, 

.      60 

Thracia,   . 

.    138 

Siphonalia, 

.      28,  168 

Thylncodes, 

59,  175 

Siphonaria, 

5,  161 

Tivela,      . 

.     127 

Siphonium, 

.    175 

Todarodes, 

4 

Sistrum,    . 

.      45,  170 

Tonicella, 

.     113 

Skenea,     . 

.      69 

Torinia,    . 

.      65 

Smaragdinella, 

8 

Tornatina, 

7 

Solandema  =  Rossiteria. 

Trachyderraon, 

.    114 

Solarium, 

.      65,  175 

Trapezium, 

.    135 

Solecurtus, 

.     121 

Tresus,      . 

120,  180 

Solemya,  . 

.     152 

Trichotropis,     . 

.      59 

Solen, 

.    120 

Tridacna, 

130,  181 

Soletellina, 

.    122 

Triforis,    . 

.      58 

Solidula,  . 

6,  160 

Trivia, 

.-     52 

Sphserium, 

.    159 

Triton,      . 

46,  170 

Spiroglyphus,    . 
Spisula,     . 

.      60 
.    119 

Tritonidea, 
Tritonium, 

32,  168 
.      46 

Spondylus, 

.    143,  184 

Trochomorpha, 

.     161 

Stenotis,    . 

.      64 

Trochus,   . 

92,  179 

Stomatella, 

.     104 

Trophon,  . 

.      40 

Stomatia,  . 

.     104,  If80 

Truncatella, 

.     176 

Strombus, 

.     173,    53 

Tugalia,    . 

.    110 

Styliferina, 

.      79 

Turbinella, 

.     168 

Styliola,    . 

5 

Turbo, 

88,  178 

Stylopsis,  . 

.      86 

Turbonilla, 

.      87 

Styloptygma,    . 

.      83 

Ttircica,    . 

.      98 

Subemarginula, 

.    110 

Turritella, 

.      61 

Succinea, 

;        .'   158 

Typhis,     .         .         . 

.      41 

Surcula,    .         ; 

•;  "      .      19 

Typhlomangilia, 

.      19 

INDEX. 


193 


u 


Umbonella, 

Unibonium, 

Umbrella, 

Unio, 

Urosalpinx, 


Vanikoro, 

Velutina,  . 

Venerupis, 

Venus, 

Vermetus, 

Verticordia, 

Vivipara, 

Vola, 

Voluta,     . 


Volutharpa, 
Volutomitra 
.    100     Volva,      . 
.     100,  180     Volvula,  . 
11      Vulsella,  . 
.'     159,  186 
.      43,    42 


V 


70 


Xenophora, 


Yoldia, 


X 
Y 

Z 


.      32 

.      25 

53,  186 

8 

140 


70 


151 


127,  181 
.  61 
.  136 

.  158  Zafra,  ....  21 
.  145  Zeidora,  .  .  .  .109 
.  24  Zirphsea,  .  .  .  .116 


13 


REFERENCE  TO  PLATES. 


[The  figures  of  Eulota  Blakeana  Newc.  were  drawn  from  speci- 
mens belonging  to  the  museum  of  Cornell  University ;  those  of 
Chlorostomaumbilicatum  and  Bathybembyx  Crumpii  from  specimens 
in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Shelly  G.  Crump;  and  the  figure  of  Tere- 
bratulina  caput-serpentis  represents  a  specimen  in  coll.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.  All  other  figures  are  from  specimens  collected  by  Mr. 
Stearns]. 

PLATE  1. 

FIGURE.  PAGE. 

1,  2.  Sepia  Hercules  n.  sp 2 

3,  7,  8,  8.  Eulota  (Euhadra)  Blakeana  Newc.        .        .        .156 

4.  Ganesella  Stearnsii  n.  sp.  ......  157 

5,  5.  Vanikoro  japonica  n.  sp.          ......     70 

6.  Columbella  (?)  pleurotomoides  n.  sp.          ....     39 
9.  Vermetus  tokyoensis  n.  sp 61 

10.  Vermetus  tokyoensis,  section  of  an  early  whorl  .         .        .61 

11.  Vermetus  tokyoensis  (large  specimen  from  Pinna  valve  in 

coll.  A.N.S.)         . 61 

12.  Clausilia  Stearnsii  n.  sp.     .  16& 

PLATE  2. 

1,  2.  Siphonalia  Stearnsii  n.  sp 29 

3.  Oniscia  Macandrewi  Sowb. 49 

4.  Clathurella  (?)  Gainesii  n.  sp 20 

5.  Drillia  tokyoensis  n.  sp 18 

6.  Siphonalia  hyperodon  n.  sp 30 

7.  8.  Siphonalia  cassidariiformis  var.  funerea  n.  v.  .         .         .29 
9,  10.  Drillia  principalis  n.  sp.  .        .         .         .         .17 

11.  Olivella  fortuneiv.  japonica  n.  v .23 

12.  Coralliophila  Stearnsii  n.  sp 45- 

13.  14.  Nassa  hypolia  n.  sp.      .        *        .        .        .        .        .37 

(194) 


REFERENCE  TO  PLATES.  195 

FIGURE.  PAGE. 

15,16.  Pleurotoma  kamakurana  n.  sp.     .....     16 

17.  Cassis  achatina  var.  inornata  n.  v.       .         .         .        ,         .     49 

PLATE  3. 

1.  Aspergillum  giganteum  Sowb 136 

2,  3.  Anatina  kamakurana  n.  sp 138 

4,5.  Raeta  yokohamensis  n.  sp 119 

6,  7.  Diplodonta  japonica  n.  sp 132 

8,  9,  10.  Area  Stearnsii  n.  sp 148 

11,  12.  Entodesma  truncatissima  n.  sp.     .         .         .         .         .  137 

13,  14.  Loripes  bialata  n.  sp 133 

15,  16,  17.  Sphserium  heterodon  n.  sp 159 

18,19.  Kellia  japonica  n.  sp.    .......  132 

PLATE  4. 
1,  2.  Thylacodes  Medusae  Pilsbry, 59 

PLATE  5. 
1.  Thylacodes  Medusae  Pilsbry, 59 

PLATE  6. 

1,2,3,4,5.  Macroschisma  Lischkei  n.  sp 108 

6,  7,  8.  Macroschisma  sinensis  A.  Adams,       .         .         .         .107 
9, 10.  Chlorostoma  turbinatum  A.  Adams  (rugatum  Gld).       .     94 

11,12.  Chlorostoma  umbilicatum  Lischke,       .         .         .         .93 
13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18.  Acmsea  Heroldi  Dkr.  varieties,      .        .  Ill 

19,  20,  21,  22.  Siphonaria  acmseoides  n.  sp 6 

23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28.  Siphonaria  sirius  n.  sp 5 

29,  30.  Phasianella  (Orthomesus)  modesta  Gld.         .         .        .91 

31.  Phasianella  modesta  var.  Gouldii  n.  v 91 

32.  Nerita  helicinoides  var.  laevilabris  n.  v.       .         .         .         .177 

PLATE  7. 

1,2.  Helcioniscus  nigrisquamatus  Rve.  (young)     .         .         .112 

3.  Helcioniscus  nigrisquamatus  v.  boninensis  Pils.          .         .  112 

4,  5,  6.  Helcioniscus  Stearnsii  Pilsbry, 112 

7,  8,  9,  10.  Helcioniscus  eucosmius  Pilsbry,     ,         .         .        .112 


196  REFERENCE  TO  PLATES. 

PLATE  8. 

FIGURE.  PAGE. 

1.  Lacuna  oxytropis  n.  sp 63 

2.  Lacuna  Smithii  n.  sp 63 

3.  Lacuna  stenotomorpha  n.  sp.  .        .        .         .        .     64 

4.  Gibbula  eucosmia  n.  sp.      ,        f        .        f  .  .        .96 

5.  6.  Cyrena  fissidens  Pilsbry,        ,        .*       .        .        .         .183 

7.  Cyrena  yaeyamensis  Pilsbry,    ,  .        ,        .        .        .        .184 

8.  Phasianella  (Tricolia)  oligomphala  n.sp.    .        .        .         .91 

9.  Phasianella  (Tricolia)  megastoma  n.  sp 90 

PLATE  9. 

1,  2,  3.  Eulota  (Euhadra)  yaeyamensis  Pilsbry,    .        .         .  161 
4,5.  Cyrena  luchuana  Pilsbry .     r  •        .  183 

6.  Cyrena  yaeyamensis  Pilsbry,      . 184 

7,8,9.  Eulota  (Aegista)  vermis  Ads.  &  Rve          .        .        .163 

PLATE  10. 

1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6.  Eulota  (Euhadra)  mercatoria  Gray,        .        .  162 

7.  8.  Eulota  (Acusta)  despecta  Gray, 163 

9,10,11.  Trochomorpha  Fritzei  Boettger,     ....  161 

12,  13,  14.  Ganesella  Largillierti  Phil.,  varieties,    .        .        .161 

PLATE  11. 
1-3.  Terebratula  Stearnsii  Dall  &  Pilsbry,     .        .        .        .152 

4.  Bathybembyx  Crumpii  Pilsbry,         .        .        ...        .97 

5,  6.  Terebratulina  caput-serpentis  Linn,  (unguicula  Cpr.).  .  152 
7, 8.  Terebratella  Gouldii  Dall,      .        .        .        .        .        .  153 

9,  10.  Terebratuliua  kiieusis  Dall  &  Pilsbry,          ...       .  152 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE    I. 


e  L  L  U -  o  u  it  i 


WH  0  Sheppard.del.et  Lith. 


,vnf,  u 

i'  r,  r.~,  u  f  c 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE    II, 


WHO  Sheppard.del.et  l.ith 


e  /;  L 1 1- 


/  J  f 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE    III. 


19 


U  U  I  V  .  C  l- 

t  kLU-u  uta/. 


WH.O  Sheppard.del.etl.ifh. 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS 


PLATE  IV. 


U  U  I  V .  <! 


- 


Jf  5 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE  VI. 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE    VI 


WH  0  "Sheppard.del.st  Lith. 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE    VIII. 


WHO  Sheppard,del.et  Lith 


J  f 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE   IX. 


WH  0  She-ppard.del.et  Lift 


M 


-,  u 


JAPANESE    MOLLUSKS 


PLATE   X. 


"wTT 


Sheppard,  del . e t  Lith. 


M  \','..  n  %  i  J  f  n 


JAPANESE  MOLLUSKS 


PLATE  XI, 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 

°VEF 


MAY  24  19 


DEC  1 3  1948 


LD  21-100m-7,'40 (6936s) 


Ml 


frei.'l 

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